Nor Fazira Ramli, N. A. Haron, Aidi Hizami Ales@Alias, A. Harun
An Integrated Management System (IMS) combines different management systems into one complete system. This paper aims to determine the intention and effectiveness of the IMS being implemented in construction organizations in Malaysia. The problem statement in this study is the number of documents in IMS still needs to be more prominent since the adoption of the standard still needs to be improved. This study aims to give awareness to the company so that they understand their intention to implement the IMS and the effect that will get on the implementation process. This study also will provide a framework that will be a guideline for the company to start with the implementation process and be certified as an IMS company. This study used quantitative and qualitative study methods. The study takes place on the construction company in Klang Valley that implemented the IMS. The survey has been done for the quantitative study to check on the understanding of the company for the intention and effectiveness of the IMS implementation. Meanwhile, for the qualitative study, the semi-structured interview session was done with five subject matter experts (SMEs) in the IMS implantation. The interview validates the research process and the framework's effectiveness. As a result, the study helps the companies to clearly understand their intention to implement the IMS and the effectiveness of IMS in their companies. The framework design also will help the company to have proper guidelines starting from the implementation until the continuous improvement after certification by the certification body.
{"title":"THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (IMS) IN CONSTRUCTION ORGANIZATIONS IN MALAYSIA","authors":"Nor Fazira Ramli, N. A. Haron, Aidi Hizami Ales@Alias, A. Harun","doi":"10.11113/mjce.v35.20094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/mjce.v35.20094","url":null,"abstract":"An Integrated Management System (IMS) combines different management systems into one complete system. This paper aims to determine the intention and effectiveness of the IMS being implemented in construction organizations in Malaysia. The problem statement in this study is the number of documents in IMS still needs to be more prominent since the adoption of the standard still needs to be improved. This study aims to give awareness to the company so that they understand their intention to implement the IMS and the effect that will get on the implementation process. This study also will provide a framework that will be a guideline for the company to start with the implementation process and be certified as an IMS company. This study used quantitative and qualitative study methods. The study takes place on the construction company in Klang Valley that implemented the IMS. The survey has been done for the quantitative study to check on the understanding of the company for the intention and effectiveness of the IMS implementation. Meanwhile, for the qualitative study, the semi-structured interview session was done with five subject matter experts (SMEs) in the IMS implantation. The interview validates the research process and the framework's effectiveness. As a result, the study helps the companies to clearly understand their intention to implement the IMS and the effectiveness of IMS in their companies. The framework design also will help the company to have proper guidelines starting from the implementation until the continuous improvement after certification by the certification body.","PeriodicalId":429144,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139235135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Razesh Kanti Sarkar, Raihad Farin Mahi, Mst. Masuma Akter, Hameem Al Hussain, Himel Chandra Sarkar
Every year, tons of plastic garbage is produced, damaging our environment. So, recycling these waste plastic has become a need of this time. Therefore, using such materials in technical applications like soil stabilization will be advantageous. Additionally, stabilization using waste plastic is a practical option that is also easily accessible around us. In this research, the soil was stabilized with Waste Plastic. Waste Plastic and Bottle Strips were collected and used as soil reinforcement in this study to improve the engineering performance of subgrade soil. The plastic strips were cut in two distinct aspect ratios (5 mm x 5 mm) and (5 mm x 10 mm) and were prepared to add at two different weight proportions (1% and 2%). Unconfined Compressive Strength testing was then carried out. The testing findings revealed that shear strength parameters improved significantly. The current analysis yielded the following Compressive Strength values: 27.68 psi and 32.73 psi when 1.0% and 2.0% of plastic bottle strips (5mm x 5mm) were used, and 17.32 psi and 21.99 psi when 1.0% and 2.0% of plastic bottle strips were used (5 mm x 10 mm). The results demonstrate that in the instance of bottle strips, mixing smaller strip sizes created an increase in shear strength on the soil. Any additional increase in strip size has resulted in a loss in compressive strength because increasing strip size generates un-compacted weak shear planes. So, this can be concluded that using waste plastic in clay soil for soil stabilization is recommended since it helps to both reduce the cost of stabilization and protects the environment.
每年都会产生成吨的塑料垃圾，破坏我们的环境。因此，回收利用这些废塑料已成为当务之急。因此，在土壤稳定等技术应用中使用这些材料将非常有利。此外，利用废塑料稳定土壤是一种实用的选择，而且在我们身边也很容易获得。在这项研究中，我们使用废塑料来稳定土壤。本研究收集了废塑料和瓶子条，并将其用作土壤加固材料，以改善基层土壤的工程性能。塑料条被切割成两种不同的长宽比（5 毫米 x 5 毫米）和（5 毫米 x 10 毫米），并以两种不同的重量比例（1% 和 2%）添加。然后进行了非收缩压缩强度测试。测试结果表明，剪切强度参数有了明显改善。目前的分析得出了以下抗压强度值：当使用 1.0% 和 2.0% 的塑料瓶条（5 毫米 x 5 毫米）时，抗压强度值分别为 27.68 磅/平方英寸和 32.73 磅/平方英寸；当使用 1.0% 和 2.0% 的塑料瓶条（5 毫米 x 10 毫米）时，抗压强度值分别为 17.32 磅/平方英寸和 21.99 磅/平方英寸。结果表明，在使用塑料瓶条的情况下，混合较小尺寸的塑料瓶条会增加土壤的抗剪强度。由于瓶条尺寸增大会产生未压实的薄弱剪切面，因此瓶条尺寸的进一步增大会导致抗压强度的降低。因此，可以得出结论，建议在粘土中使用废塑料来稳定土壤，因为它既有助于降低稳定成本，又能保护环境。
{"title":"STUDY OF THE PERFORMANCE OF WASTE PLASTIC IN CLAY SOIL STABILIZATION","authors":"Razesh Kanti Sarkar, Raihad Farin Mahi, Mst. Masuma Akter, Hameem Al Hussain, Himel Chandra Sarkar","doi":"10.11113/mjce.v35.20549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/mjce.v35.20549","url":null,"abstract":"Every year, tons of plastic garbage is produced, damaging our environment. So, recycling these waste plastic has become a need of this time. Therefore, using such materials in technical applications like soil stabilization will be advantageous. Additionally, stabilization using waste plastic is a practical option that is also easily accessible around us. In this research, the soil was stabilized with Waste Plastic. Waste Plastic and Bottle Strips were collected and used as soil reinforcement in this study to improve the engineering performance of subgrade soil. The plastic strips were cut in two distinct aspect ratios (5 mm x 5 mm) and (5 mm x 10 mm) and were prepared to add at two different weight proportions (1% and 2%). Unconfined Compressive Strength testing was then carried out. The testing findings revealed that shear strength parameters improved significantly. The current analysis yielded the following Compressive Strength values: 27.68 psi and 32.73 psi when 1.0% and 2.0% of plastic bottle strips (5mm x 5mm) were used, and 17.32 psi and 21.99 psi when 1.0% and 2.0% of plastic bottle strips were used (5 mm x 10 mm). The results demonstrate that in the instance of bottle strips, mixing smaller strip sizes created an increase in shear strength on the soil. Any additional increase in strip size has resulted in a loss in compressive strength because increasing strip size generates un-compacted weak shear planes. So, this can be concluded that using waste plastic in clay soil for soil stabilization is recommended since it helps to both reduce the cost of stabilization and protects the environment.","PeriodicalId":429144,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139235410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Razesh Kanti Sarkar, Hameem Al Hussain, Aseaya Khanom Mim, Tasnova Chowdhury
Soil improvement plays a vital role in any engineering project, as the entire load from the superstructure is transmitted on the underlaying soil. Weaker soil increases foundation dimension, which is costly and soft soil generally causes difficulties on construction sites when it has low strength and low stiffness. Hence, in order to reduce cost and achieving better structural stability, soil must be stabilized with a mixture in order to achieve larger load carrying capacity. When soils fail to meet the geotechnical requirements, stabilizing the soil using cement is an essential process in geotechnical practice. Clay soil was stabilized in this study using white cement and regular Portland cement. White cement and Portland cement were collected and mixed with clay soil in amounts of 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%. Soil tests such as grain size distribution, specific gravity test, unconfined compressive test, soil tests were performed on samples. The report includes field sampling, laboratory testing and engineering analysis and evaluation. From the result of unconfined compressive strength test, it is found that the addition of 6%, 8%, 10% of Portland cement and 10% of white cement increases the shear strength of the clay soil.
{"title":"COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PORTLAND AND WHITE CEMENT IMPACT ON UNCONFINED COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF SOIL","authors":"Razesh Kanti Sarkar, Hameem Al Hussain, Aseaya Khanom Mim, Tasnova Chowdhury","doi":"10.11113/mjce.v35.20802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/mjce.v35.20802","url":null,"abstract":"Soil improvement plays a vital role in any engineering project, as the entire load from the superstructure is transmitted on the underlaying soil. Weaker soil increases foundation dimension, which is costly and soft soil generally causes difficulties on construction sites when it has low strength and low stiffness. Hence, in order to reduce cost and achieving better structural stability, soil must be stabilized with a mixture in order to achieve larger load carrying capacity. When soils fail to meet the geotechnical requirements, stabilizing the soil using cement is an essential process in geotechnical practice. Clay soil was stabilized in this study using white cement and regular Portland cement. White cement and Portland cement were collected and mixed with clay soil in amounts of 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%. Soil tests such as grain size distribution, specific gravity test, unconfined compressive test, soil tests were performed on samples. The report includes field sampling, laboratory testing and engineering analysis and evaluation. From the result of unconfined compressive strength test, it is found that the addition of 6%, 8%, 10% of Portland cement and 10% of white cement increases the shear strength of the clay soil.","PeriodicalId":429144,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139235969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alan Wong Zong Xiang, S. Umar, Mohamad Shazwan Ahmad Shah, Seyed Jamalaldin Seyed Hakim
Structural health monitoring techniques, particularly vibration-based damage detection, have gained significance in assessing civil structure condition. This paper focuses on utilising mode shape curvature for damage detection in a one-story steel frame structure. The study aims to overcome traditional inspection limitations by exploring vibration-based approaches. Experimental investigation is conducted to analyse intact and damaged structural modal behaviour. Modal analysis technique extracts modal frequencies and mode shapes, enabling analysis of mode shape curvature for damage detection and localisation. Preliminary findings show that damaged structures display deviations in mode shapes and reduced natural frequencies, providing evidence of structural damage. However, a significant issue arises near the support, where unexpected patterns emerge in the Total Damage Index (TDI) with increasing damage severity. This finding challenges the expected correlation between severity levels and TDI values, highlighting the need to consider factors like fixed supports. Misleading signs of damage in some segments underscore the importance of cautious result interpretation and accounting for noise. Future studies should focus on noise resistance, false indication mitigation, and understanding segments with fixed supports to enhance mode shape curvature analysis’s reliability for damage detection in civil structures.
{"title":"VIBRATION-BASED DAMAGE DETECTION FOR ONE-STORY STEEL FRAME STRUCTURE USING MODE SHAPE CURVATURE","authors":"Alan Wong Zong Xiang, S. Umar, Mohamad Shazwan Ahmad Shah, Seyed Jamalaldin Seyed Hakim","doi":"10.11113/mjce.v35.20941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/mjce.v35.20941","url":null,"abstract":"Structural health monitoring techniques, particularly vibration-based damage detection, have gained significance in assessing civil structure condition. This paper focuses on utilising mode shape curvature for damage detection in a one-story steel frame structure. The study aims to overcome traditional inspection limitations by exploring vibration-based approaches. Experimental investigation is conducted to analyse intact and damaged structural modal behaviour. Modal analysis technique extracts modal frequencies and mode shapes, enabling analysis of mode shape curvature for damage detection and localisation. Preliminary findings show that damaged structures display deviations in mode shapes and reduced natural frequencies, providing evidence of structural damage. However, a significant issue arises near the support, where unexpected patterns emerge in the Total Damage Index (TDI) with increasing damage severity. This finding challenges the expected correlation between severity levels and TDI values, highlighting the need to consider factors like fixed supports. Misleading signs of damage in some segments underscore the importance of cautious result interpretation and accounting for noise. Future studies should focus on noise resistance, false indication mitigation, and understanding segments with fixed supports to enhance mode shape curvature analysis’s reliability for damage detection in civil structures.","PeriodicalId":429144,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"177 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139236116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Modified Meyerhof method is a popular method to calculate pile geotechnical axial capacity in Malaysia currently. From past experience, pile design based on empirical and analytical method produce variability of predicted capacity, in which, there is a wide scatter of predicted capacities and tendency for the predictions to be conservative, i.e. to underestimate the load capacity. This study provides options of machine learning and statistical approach for prediction of pile capacity based on soil investigation and dynamic pile load test result. It serves as an additional checking for engineer during design of pile based on conventional empirical method. It also helps to provide deeper insights of non-linear variables related to pile capacity through machine learning and statistical approach. This study helps engineer to design pile foundation optimally, economically and safely. The prediction of pile geotechnical axial capacity with machine learning technique and statistical approach for local marine clay soil in Penang, Malaysia is proposed in this study. The information from soil investigation report and dynamic pile load test report are gathered from six projects at Batu Kawan and Nibong Tebal located in Penang state that contributed 439 numbers of data. The skin friction factor, end bearing factor and pile geotechnical axial capacity are computed and predicted using empirical method, machine learning model and statistical model. Support Vector Machine illustrate best fit model for predicting skin friction factor with R2 of 0.517 while Random Forest seems to be the best fit model for predicting end bearing factor with R2 of 0.264. Random Forest is found to be the best model in predicting the geotechnical pile axial capacity compare to other models as it explains 96.2% of the variability of pile capacity.
{"title":"PREDICTING GEOTECHNICAL AXIAL CAPACITY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DRIVEN PILE USING MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUE","authors":"Ooi Zi Xun, Rini Asnida Abdullah","doi":"10.11113/mjce.v35.20544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/mjce.v35.20544","url":null,"abstract":"Modified Meyerhof method is a popular method to calculate pile geotechnical axial capacity in Malaysia currently. From past experience, pile design based on empirical and analytical method produce variability of predicted capacity, in which, there is a wide scatter of predicted capacities and tendency for the predictions to be conservative, i.e. to underestimate the load capacity. This study provides options of machine learning and statistical approach for prediction of pile capacity based on soil investigation and dynamic pile load test result. It serves as an additional checking for engineer during design of pile based on conventional empirical method. It also helps to provide deeper insights of non-linear variables related to pile capacity through machine learning and statistical approach. This study helps engineer to design pile foundation optimally, economically and safely. The prediction of pile geotechnical axial capacity with machine learning technique and statistical approach for local marine clay soil in Penang, Malaysia is proposed in this study. The information from soil investigation report and dynamic pile load test report are gathered from six projects at Batu Kawan and Nibong Tebal located in Penang state that contributed 439 numbers of data. The skin friction factor, end bearing factor and pile geotechnical axial capacity are computed and predicted using empirical method, machine learning model and statistical model. Support Vector Machine illustrate best fit model for predicting skin friction factor with R2 of 0.517 while Random Forest seems to be the best fit model for predicting end bearing factor with R2 of 0.264. Random Forest is found to be the best model in predicting the geotechnical pile axial capacity compare to other models as it explains 96.2% of the variability of pile capacity.","PeriodicalId":429144,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139236395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Residents at the Universal Primary Education (UPE) sand-filled of Borokiri town in Port Harcourt city, Nigeria are facing challenges in obtaining potable water due to numerous factors. Consequently, most residents could not meet the minimum daily per capita water demand set by the United Nations (50 – 100L). The rainfall in Port Harcourt is quite high enough to augment the water scarcity however, the poor quality of the rainwater makes it unsafe. Hence, rainwater harvesting (RWH) system incorporated with treatment facility was designed for an average household of six inhabitants at a daily per capita water demand of 75L. Results showed that the treated water obtained from the designed RWH system was highly potable and the reliability of the designed RWH system for water supply is 75% at a safety factor of 1.22. It was also found that the optimal dimensions of the rectangular rooftop gutters are 170mm width by 100mm depth (including freeboard space) at a bed slope of 1inch in every 10feet. The research further revealed that the designed RWH system is highly economically viable as the net present value (NPV), profitability index (PI) and payback period (PBP) are 747, 439.21Naira, 3.4 and 1.72years respectively, at a discount rate of 15% and lifespan of 15years. Necessary recommendations were made for the inhabitants of the study area, government and non-governmental organizations.
{"title":"DESIGN OF RAINWATER HARVESTING SYSTEM: BASIC ENGINEERING AND ECONOMICS","authors":"F. Ogbozige","doi":"10.11113/mjce.v35.19439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/mjce.v35.19439","url":null,"abstract":"Residents at the Universal Primary Education (UPE) sand-filled of Borokiri town in Port Harcourt city, Nigeria are facing challenges in obtaining potable water due to numerous factors. Consequently, most residents could not meet the minimum daily per capita water demand set by the United Nations (50 – 100L). The rainfall in Port Harcourt is quite high enough to augment the water scarcity however, the poor quality of the rainwater makes it unsafe. Hence, rainwater harvesting (RWH) system incorporated with treatment facility was designed for an average household of six inhabitants at a daily per capita water demand of 75L. Results showed that the treated water obtained from the designed RWH system was highly potable and the reliability of the designed RWH system for water supply is 75% at a safety factor of 1.22. It was also found that the optimal dimensions of the rectangular rooftop gutters are 170mm width by 100mm depth (including freeboard space) at a bed slope of 1inch in every 10feet. The research further revealed that the designed RWH system is highly economically viable as the net present value (NPV), profitability index (PI) and payback period (PBP) are 747, 439.21Naira, 3.4 and 1.72years respectively, at a discount rate of 15% and lifespan of 15years. Necessary recommendations were made for the inhabitants of the study area, government and non-governmental organizations.","PeriodicalId":429144,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139357046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Ayub, N. Z. Mohd Yunus, D. Z. Abang Hasbollah, Brendon Feadrek, Nur Atiqah Mohd Zaini, A. S. A. Rashid
This study is prompted by the fact that currently available information, regarding carbon dioxide (CO2) and ground improvement, is rather limited, as the emphasis in this area, is mainly directed at health and environmental issues. This includes efforts to counter climate change, by reducing the level of carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. Nonetheless, several geotechnical researchers have delved into CO2 sequestration, through magnesium-rich materials. Among such materials is ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS). This waste material, which contains between 5% to 9% magnesium, and roughly 35% calcium, appears to be a favourable option for CO2 sequestration. The purpose of this study, is to determine the appropriate optimal amount of GGBS (based on the strength value recommended by the Public Works Department), and its effect in terms of durability, for the treatment of kaolin clay, under ambient and carbonated conditions, with a 24-hour carbonation period, subjected to a CO2 pressure of 200 kPa. Compaction, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), and durability (wetting and drying) tests were performed, with various GGBS contents (5%, 15% and 25%), and curing periods (7, 14, 28 and 60 days). The test results indicate an increase in strength of almost 20 times, for kaolin clay treated with 25% GGBS, with a curing period of 60 days (ambient condition). An additional 22.86% increase in strength was registered, for carbonated conditions. The wetting and drying test, also demonstrated that GGBS-treated kaolin was improved in terms of durability, while retaining its strength under wet and dry conditions. Thus, it can be concluded that with an appropriate amount and curing period, GGBS has the potential to stabilize kaolin clay, and contribute towards the realisation of a more sustainable environment, by curbing the amount of CO2 released into the atmosphere.
{"title":"CARBONATION PERFORMANCE OF KAOLIN TREATED WITH GROUND GRANULATED BLAST FURNACE SLAG","authors":"A. Ayub, N. Z. Mohd Yunus, D. Z. Abang Hasbollah, Brendon Feadrek, Nur Atiqah Mohd Zaini, A. S. A. Rashid","doi":"10.11113/mjce.v35.20408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/mjce.v35.20408","url":null,"abstract":"This study is prompted by the fact that currently available information, regarding carbon dioxide (CO2) and ground improvement, is rather limited, as the emphasis in this area, is mainly directed at health and environmental issues. This includes efforts to counter climate change, by reducing the level of carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. Nonetheless, several geotechnical researchers have delved into CO2 sequestration, through magnesium-rich materials. Among such materials is ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS). This waste material, which contains between 5% to 9% magnesium, and roughly 35% calcium, appears to be a favourable option for CO2 sequestration. The purpose of this study, is to determine the appropriate optimal amount of GGBS (based on the strength value recommended by the Public Works Department), and its effect in terms of durability, for the treatment of kaolin clay, under ambient and carbonated conditions, with a 24-hour carbonation period, subjected to a CO2 pressure of 200 kPa. Compaction, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), and durability (wetting and drying) tests were performed, with various GGBS contents (5%, 15% and 25%), and curing periods (7, 14, 28 and 60 days). The test results indicate an increase in strength of almost 20 times, for kaolin clay treated with 25% GGBS, with a curing period of 60 days (ambient condition). An additional 22.86% increase in strength was registered, for carbonated conditions. The wetting and drying test, also demonstrated that GGBS-treated kaolin was improved in terms of durability, while retaining its strength under wet and dry conditions. Thus, it can be concluded that with an appropriate amount and curing period, GGBS has the potential to stabilize kaolin clay, and contribute towards the realisation of a more sustainable environment, by curbing the amount of CO2 released into the atmosphere.","PeriodicalId":429144,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139357325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aina Afiqah Samsudin, Mohamad Shazwan Ahmad Shah, S. Umar, N. A. Mukhlas, Ng Chiew Teng, Nordin Yahaya, Nurul Noraziemah Mohd Pauzi
Spacecraft have been dispatched to Mars as part of human missions aimed at exploring new frontiers, driven by the observed similarities between the red planet and Earth. This endeavour has facilitated the development of construction materials suitable for human settlements on Mars. To determine the optimal properties for constructing habitable infrastructure for humans on Mars, research efforts have led to the discovery of Martian concrete, composed of sulphur and Martian simulants that had been produced without water, which is in scarce supply on Mars. By utilising egolith available near the construction site, structures can be built efficiently and rapidly, supporting the establishment of sustainable human habitats on Mars. Several studies have been conducted to address the challenges associated with identifying the ideal proportions of Martian concrete. Given the extreme and harsh conditions on Mars, there is a growing interest in understanding how the properties of Martian concrete can mitigate and alleviate fatigue resulting from the planet’s daily conditions, such as temperature variations and dusty storms, which impose cyclic loading on structures. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate the fatigue characteristics of Martian concrete. By evaluating the fatigue properties of Martian concrete, considering the selected appropriate mix design ratios, this study aims to contribute to understanding the impact of Martian conditions on construction practices. Ultimately, the findings of this study can assist future researchers in comprehending the effects of the Martian environment on the planet’s construction process.
{"title":"FATIGUE CHARACTERISATION OF MARTIAN CONCRETE: A REVIEW","authors":"Aina Afiqah Samsudin, Mohamad Shazwan Ahmad Shah, S. Umar, N. A. Mukhlas, Ng Chiew Teng, Nordin Yahaya, Nurul Noraziemah Mohd Pauzi","doi":"10.11113/mjce.v35.20500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/mjce.v35.20500","url":null,"abstract":"Spacecraft have been dispatched to Mars as part of human missions aimed at exploring new frontiers, driven by the observed similarities between the red planet and Earth. This endeavour has facilitated the development of construction materials suitable for human settlements on Mars. To determine the optimal properties for constructing habitable infrastructure for humans on Mars, research efforts have led to the discovery of Martian concrete, composed of sulphur and Martian simulants that had been produced without water, which is in scarce supply on Mars. By utilising egolith available near the construction site, structures can be built efficiently and rapidly, supporting the establishment of sustainable human habitats on Mars. Several studies have been conducted to address the challenges associated with identifying the ideal proportions of Martian concrete. Given the extreme and harsh conditions on Mars, there is a growing interest in understanding how the properties of Martian concrete can mitigate and alleviate fatigue resulting from the planet’s daily conditions, such as temperature variations and dusty storms, which impose cyclic loading on structures. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate the fatigue characteristics of Martian concrete. By evaluating the fatigue properties of Martian concrete, considering the selected appropriate mix design ratios, this study aims to contribute to understanding the impact of Martian conditions on construction practices. Ultimately, the findings of this study can assist future researchers in comprehending the effects of the Martian environment on the planet’s construction process.","PeriodicalId":429144,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139357088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The contents of many books, prima facie, can be known by their title. But within the context of the present day grammatical construction and images formed in the mind through some words, Vitruvius’s “Ten Books on Architecture”, written in 1st century, does not fall into this category. Apparently, the over 2000 year’s gap in knowledge and usage of precepts as well as educational attainment that formed the basis for the writing constituted unfamiliar background and terrain for the 21st century researchers and academia. Consequently many civil engineering developmental resources for research activities contained in the book, especially on concrete and structural materials, remain hidden from many researchers. The purpose of this work is to identify the depths of instructional and educational attainment, both in learning and practice that formed the background for writing and thus, for the understanding of the book, especially for engineers in the developing Nations. To accomplish this work, the Roman society of the time and her educational systems were studied from materials available from the public domain. Analysis of the materials obtained showed that a wide-range and multi-faceted education through learning and practice, were required to operate in the construction industry at the time; and that all construction work, including military and machine construction were termed Architecture and under the control of the Head of the Government. It is also concluded that this learning, now parceled into different disciplines, is available in the public domain for the understanding and application of precepts in the Ten Books on Architecture for a robust structural and civil engineering practice
{"title":"OVERVIEW OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING EDUCATION REQUIRED FOR THE UNDERSTANDING OF VITRUVIUS’S TEN BOOKS ON ARCHITECTURE","authors":"C. Fapohunda","doi":"10.11113/mjce.v35.19694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/mjce.v35.19694","url":null,"abstract":"The contents of many books, prima facie, can be known by their title. But within the context of the present day grammatical construction and images formed in the mind through some words, Vitruvius’s “Ten Books on Architecture”, written in 1st century, does not fall into this category. Apparently, the over 2000 year’s gap in knowledge and usage of precepts as well as educational attainment that formed the basis for the writing constituted unfamiliar background and terrain for the 21st century researchers and academia. Consequently many civil engineering developmental resources for research activities contained in the book, especially on concrete and structural materials, remain hidden from many researchers. The purpose of this work is to identify the depths of instructional and educational attainment, both in learning and practice that formed the background for writing and thus, for the understanding of the book, especially for engineers in the developing Nations. To accomplish this work, the Roman society of the time and her educational systems were studied from materials available from the public domain. Analysis of the materials obtained showed that a wide-range and multi-faceted education through learning and practice, were required to operate in the construction industry at the time; and that all construction work, including military and machine construction were termed Architecture and under the control of the Head of the Government. It is also concluded that this learning, now parceled into different disciplines, is available in the public domain for the understanding and application of precepts in the Ten Books on Architecture for a robust structural and civil engineering practice","PeriodicalId":429144,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139357130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An increase in population impacts conditions of forest, soil, and water resources in watersheds through land use change. One of the hydrological components in the watershed influenced by this change is the surface flow coefficient (C). This study aimed to analyze the land characteristics of the Khilau Sub-Sub Watershed, Bulok Sub-Watershed, Sekampung Watershed, Lampung Province. The research methods involved taking aerial photos and field observation with an application called ArcView GIS MAP as the research tool. The analysis results signify that the land use in the watershed was divided into 6 main types with a total area of 671.6776 Ha. The surface flow coefficient value (Ctotal) was 0.1412, which indicates that all rainwater falling into the watershed was well infiltrated into the soil so that the land use was categorized as good. It was found out that, with the use of the GIS application, the land use in the Khilau Sub-Sub Watershed comprises 6 main types, i.e. mixed gardens, forests, annuals, shrubs, settlements, and rice fields. The mixed garden type of land use has the highest coefficient (C) value of surface flow runoff, so it Therefore, the rainwater in the watershed area is well infiltrated into the soil so that it is safe to categorize the land use as good.
{"title":"MAP ANALYSIS OF LAND USE IN KHILAU SUB-SUB WATERSHED, WAY BULOK SUB-WATERSHED, WAY SEKAMPUNG WATERSHED, LAMPUNG PROVINCE","authors":"A. Herison, Y. Romdania","doi":"10.11113/mjce.v35.19779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/mjce.v35.19779","url":null,"abstract":"An increase in population impacts conditions of forest, soil, and water resources in watersheds through land use change. One of the hydrological components in the watershed influenced by this change is the surface flow coefficient (C). This study aimed to analyze the land characteristics of the Khilau Sub-Sub Watershed, Bulok Sub-Watershed, Sekampung Watershed, Lampung Province. The research methods involved taking aerial photos and field observation with an application called ArcView GIS MAP as the research tool. The analysis results signify that the land use in the watershed was divided into 6 main types with a total area of 671.6776 Ha. The surface flow coefficient value (Ctotal) was 0.1412, which indicates that all rainwater falling into the watershed was well infiltrated into the soil so that the land use was categorized as good. It was found out that, with the use of the GIS application, the land use in the Khilau Sub-Sub Watershed comprises 6 main types, i.e. mixed gardens, forests, annuals, shrubs, settlements, and rice fields. The mixed garden type of land use has the highest coefficient (C) value of surface flow runoff, so it Therefore, the rainwater in the watershed area is well infiltrated into the soil so that it is safe to categorize the land use as good.","PeriodicalId":429144,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139357333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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