Pub Date : 2018-11-01DOI: 10.18690/978-961-286-211-4.17
D. Urbancl, Sanja Potrč, Julijan Jan Salamunić, Z. Praunseis, D. Goričanec
Solid fuel production from different biomass sources become a very challenging area. The paper presents the torrefaction process, mild pyrolysis, where biomass material is converted into solid fuel with higher heating value. The material is processed in inert atmosphere or in the atmosphere with very low oxygen concertation. The study is done for three varied materials, oak wood, mixed wood and dehydrated, granulated sewage sludge. The influence of the temperature is examined, and the optimal temperature is determined. Furthermore, the optimal operation time for each material is evaluated. The experiments were done without flue gases integration. The results show that from energy point of view the optimal operation time for oak and mixed wood is around 1.2 h at 260°C. The torrefaction of sewage sludge is energetically unjustified.
{"title":"Biofuels Production by Torrefaction Process Supplied with Different Biomasses","authors":"D. Urbancl, Sanja Potrč, Julijan Jan Salamunić, Z. Praunseis, D. Goričanec","doi":"10.18690/978-961-286-211-4.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-211-4.17","url":null,"abstract":"Solid fuel production from different biomass sources become a very challenging area. The paper presents the torrefaction process, mild pyrolysis, where biomass material is converted into solid fuel with higher heating value. The material is processed in inert atmosphere or in the atmosphere with very low oxygen concertation. The study is done for three varied materials, oak wood, mixed wood and dehydrated, granulated sewage sludge. The influence of the temperature is examined, and the optimal temperature is determined. Furthermore, the optimal operation time for each material is evaluated. The experiments were done without flue gases integration. The results show that from energy point of view the optimal operation time for oak and mixed wood is around 1.2 h at 260°C. The torrefaction of sewage sludge is energetically unjustified.","PeriodicalId":429578,"journal":{"name":"Technologies & Business Models for Circular Economy","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123783259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-01DOI: 10.18690/978-961-286-211-4.21
B. Abikoye, L. Čuček, A. Isafiade, A. Nemet, Z. Kravanja
This paper involves the development of a model that is based on mathematical programming for integrating solar thermal and heat storage with multi-period heat exchanger network (HEN) of industrial operations. The method employed entails discretising the availability of solar thermal on the basis of hourly, daily and monthly time periods using real-life climatic data for hourly solar irradiation and ambient temperature variations. Considering variability in the supply profile, a flowsheet superstructure of closed circuits including direct and indirect solar thermal utilization with periodic heat storage is first developed. Thereafter, the flowsheet is systematically connected with the modified stage-wise superstructure model formulation which allows utility selection at each stage of the HEN. The problem is formulated and solved in GAMS using Slovenia climatic data as a case study, while the objective function maximizes the solar heat output to the heat network. In average 25.9 % (139.6 kW) of hot utilities is saved due to solar thermal. The hourly profile of various climatic features considered within the model will enable more realistic solar heat forecasting for utility retrofit in existing designs and also for new designs.
{"title":"Retrofitting of Industrial Utility Systems Considering Solar Thermal and Periodic Heat Storage","authors":"B. Abikoye, L. Čuček, A. Isafiade, A. Nemet, Z. Kravanja","doi":"10.18690/978-961-286-211-4.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-211-4.21","url":null,"abstract":"This paper involves the development of a model that is based on mathematical programming for integrating solar thermal and heat storage with multi-period heat exchanger network (HEN) of industrial operations. The method employed entails discretising the availability of solar thermal on the basis of hourly, daily and monthly time periods using real-life climatic data for hourly solar irradiation and ambient temperature variations. Considering variability in the supply profile, a flowsheet superstructure of closed circuits including direct and indirect solar thermal utilization with periodic heat storage is first developed. Thereafter, the flowsheet is systematically connected with the modified stage-wise superstructure model formulation which allows utility selection at each stage of the HEN. The problem is formulated and solved in GAMS using Slovenia climatic data as a case study, while the objective function maximizes the solar heat output to the heat network. In average 25.9 % (139.6 kW) of hot utilities is saved due to solar thermal. The hourly profile of various climatic features considered within the model will enable more realistic solar heat forecasting for utility retrofit in existing designs and also for new designs.","PeriodicalId":429578,"journal":{"name":"Technologies & Business Models for Circular Economy","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122980105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-01DOI: 10.18690/978-961-286-211-4.18
Gorazd Krese, R D Ljubljana Slovenia Korona d.d., Vera Dodig, Boris Lagler, B. Strmcnik, Grega Podbregar
{"title":"Best Practices for Adopting the Industrial Symbiosis Concept in the Cement Sector","authors":"Gorazd Krese, R D Ljubljana Slovenia Korona d.d., Vera Dodig, Boris Lagler, B. Strmcnik, Grega Podbregar","doi":"10.18690/978-961-286-211-4.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-211-4.18","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":429578,"journal":{"name":"Technologies & Business Models for Circular Economy","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128745017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-01DOI: 10.18690/978-961-286-211-4.2
Laura Vovčko, Ljubljana Slovenija Zavod za gradbeništvo Slovenije, Stanislav Lenart
{"title":"Izboljšanje morskega sedimenta v aplikacijah z zemeljskimi deli s procesom flokulacije/koagulacije","authors":"Laura Vovčko, Ljubljana Slovenija Zavod za gradbeništvo Slovenije, Stanislav Lenart","doi":"10.18690/978-961-286-211-4.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-211-4.2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":429578,"journal":{"name":"Technologies & Business Models for Circular Economy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129755146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-01DOI: 10.18690/978-961-286-211-4.10
G. Kravanja, M. K. Hrnčič, Darija Cör, Ž. Knez
High-pressure processes involving sub and supercritical fluids enable the design of products with special physical characteristics, less toxic residues, low energy consumption, and are eco-friendly and sustainable. Supercritical fluids show potential as solvents in boosting green chemistry by replacing environmentally harmful conventional organic solvents. Tunable physical properties of the supercritical fluids enable selective extraction, purification and fractionation of value-added products and by-products. Absorption of compressed gas in polymer matrices results in a wide spectrum of possible applications in the field of sustainable polymer processing, for example, production of fibers, microparticles and foams. As a heat transfer fluid, supercritical CO2 has been reintroduced as an environmentally friendly refrigerant in heat pumps working cycles. There is also great potential in the treatment of sewage wastes with supercritical fluids and production of value compounds from waste streams. Several supercritical fluid applications are presented from the perspective of their environmental and economic benefits.
{"title":"High-Pressure Processing: A Smart Way to Increase Energy Efficiency with Less Toxic Residues","authors":"G. Kravanja, M. K. Hrnčič, Darija Cör, Ž. Knez","doi":"10.18690/978-961-286-211-4.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-211-4.10","url":null,"abstract":"High-pressure processes involving sub and supercritical fluids enable the design of products with special physical characteristics, less toxic residues, low energy consumption, and are eco-friendly and sustainable. Supercritical fluids show potential as solvents in boosting green chemistry by replacing environmentally harmful conventional organic solvents. Tunable physical properties of the supercritical fluids enable selective extraction, purification and fractionation of value-added products and by-products. Absorption of compressed gas in polymer matrices results in a wide spectrum of possible applications in the field of sustainable polymer processing, for example, production of fibers, microparticles and foams. As a heat transfer fluid, supercritical CO2 has been reintroduced as an environmentally friendly refrigerant in heat pumps working cycles. There is also great potential in the treatment of sewage wastes with supercritical fluids and production of value compounds from waste streams. Several supercritical fluid applications are presented from the perspective of their environmental and economic benefits.","PeriodicalId":429578,"journal":{"name":"Technologies & Business Models for Circular Economy","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131599743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-01DOI: 10.18690/978-961-286-211-4.24
M. Primožič, Maja Čolnik, Ž. Knez, M. Leitgeb
{"title":"Halophilic fungi - Alternative raw materials for extremozymes production","authors":"M. Primožič, Maja Čolnik, Ž. Knez, M. Leitgeb","doi":"10.18690/978-961-286-211-4.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-211-4.24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":429578,"journal":{"name":"Technologies & Business Models for Circular Economy","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131214851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-01DOI: 10.18690/978-961-286-211-4.4
Y. K. Ramsheva, A. Remmen
Policy makers, industries and academia acknowledge industrial symbiosis (IS) as a strategy for facilitating circular economy (CE) since it evolves around the notion of closed-loop resource circulation. Through IS companies exchange materials, energy, water and by-products, thus promoting cleaner production, improved resource efficiency and lower CO 2 emissions. There exist ample studies analyzing the benefits of IS partnerships for companies. Nevertheless, demonstrative cases on how the link between IS and CE occurs in practice seem to be limited. This study aims at filling that void by examining twelve IS partnerships at a large cement producer in Denmark and linking them to Ellen MacArthur’s “Circular economy systems diagram”. The study furthermore adds to the discussion of the impacts of CE on businesses, by exploring the influence that the established IS partnerships have on improving resource efficiency.
{"title":"Industrial symbiosis in the cement industry - Exploring the linkages to circular economy","authors":"Y. K. Ramsheva, A. Remmen","doi":"10.18690/978-961-286-211-4.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-211-4.4","url":null,"abstract":"Policy makers, industries and academia acknowledge industrial symbiosis (IS) as a strategy for facilitating circular economy (CE) since it evolves around the notion of closed-loop resource circulation. Through IS companies exchange materials, energy, water and by-products, thus promoting cleaner production, improved resource efficiency and lower CO 2 emissions. There exist ample studies analyzing the benefits of IS partnerships for companies. Nevertheless, demonstrative cases on how the link between IS and CE occurs in practice seem to be limited. This study aims at filling that void by examining twelve IS partnerships at a large cement producer in Denmark and linking them to Ellen MacArthur’s “Circular economy systems diagram”. The study furthermore adds to the discussion of the impacts of CE on businesses, by exploring the influence that the established IS partnerships have on improving resource efficiency.","PeriodicalId":429578,"journal":{"name":"Technologies & Business Models for Circular Economy","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115019147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-01DOI: 10.18690/978-961-286-211-4.22
B. Horvat, M. Češnovar, Alenka Pavlin, V. Ducman, Moravče Slovenia Termit
{"title":"Retrofitting of Industrial Utility Systems Considering Solar Thermal and Periodic Heat Storage","authors":"B. Horvat, M. Češnovar, Alenka Pavlin, V. Ducman, Moravče Slovenia Termit","doi":"10.18690/978-961-286-211-4.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-211-4.22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":429578,"journal":{"name":"Technologies & Business Models for Circular Economy","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114696677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-01DOI: 10.18690/978-961-286-211-4.9
J. Gregor, J. Kropáč, M. Pavlas
{"title":"Collection Of Dry Recyclables As An Effective Step In Waste Management?","authors":"J. Gregor, J. Kropáč, M. Pavlas","doi":"10.18690/978-961-286-211-4.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-211-4.9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":429578,"journal":{"name":"Technologies & Business Models for Circular Economy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122996323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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