Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.2478/9783110591415-011
N. Bingeding
The developing nations of the Pacific are already affected by climate change, as evidenced by the impact of rising sea levels and the increasing intensity of cyclonic events in the region in the past few years (Walsh et al, 2012). These phenomena are intensifying within the region and are likely to continue intensifying for many decades to come unless serious action is taken by the international community to combat climate change. Therefore, every country in the Pacific should build resilience to the adverse effects of climate change and contribute to the international effort to combat climate change. This chapter details the responses of the government of Papua New Guinea (PNG), and its endeavours to match domestic implementation to international initiatives. Climate change has posed specific and significant challenges for Pacific governments, and has had important impacts on a range of national contexts. In particular this chapter describes the gaps between the way Papua New Guinea has responded to international rationales that provide and incentivise funding for climate change in certain ways, and the weaker rationales and successes in implementing processes internally as a nation. By presenting the details and realities of one Pacific government’s endeavour to respond to climate change through the policy process, the chapter portrays the limitations of taking climate change as a small set of simple issues, and instead exposes the required groundwork and the real interface of matching international and grassroots perspectives. PNG, the biggest country in terms of land area and population in the Pacific, is a recognized leader on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD and REDD+103) on the international stage. The broad form of the REDD concept (Costa Rica and PNG, 2005) was masterminded by PNG and Costa Rica and presented at the 11th annual Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP 11) in Montreal in 2005. The former
太平洋地区的发展中国家已经受到气候变化的影响，过去几年该地区海平面上升和气旋事件强度增加的影响就证明了这一点(Walsh et al, 2012)。这些现象在该地区正在加剧，并可能在未来几十年继续加剧，除非国际社会采取严肃的行动来应对气候变化。因此，太平洋各国都应增强应对气候变化不利影响的韧性，为应对气候变化的国际努力作出贡献。本章详细介绍了巴布亚新几内亚政府的反应，以及它为使国内实施与国际倡议相匹配所做的努力。气候变化给太平洋各国政府带来了具体而重大的挑战，并对一系列国家环境产生了重要影响。本章特别描述了巴布亚新几内亚对以某些方式为气候变化提供和激励资金的国际原则作出反应的方式与作为一个国家在内部实施过程中较弱的原则和成功之间的差距。本章通过介绍一个太平洋国家政府通过政策过程努力应对气候变化的细节和现实，描绘了将气候变化视为一系列简单问题的局限性，并揭示了所需的基础工作以及匹配国际和基层视角的真正接口。巴布亚新几内亚是太平洋地区土地面积和人口最多的国家，在国际舞台上是减少森林砍伐和森林退化排放(REDD和REDD+103)的公认领导者。REDD概念的大致形式(哥斯达黎加和巴布亚新几内亚，2005年)由巴布亚新几内亚和哥斯达黎加策划，并于2005年在蒙特利尔举行的第11届联合国气候变化框架公约缔约方大会(COP 11)上提出。前
{"title":"10 Papua New Guinea’s Response to Climate Change: Challenges and Ways Forward","authors":"N. Bingeding","doi":"10.2478/9783110591415-011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/9783110591415-011","url":null,"abstract":"The developing nations of the Pacific are already affected by climate change, as evidenced by the impact of rising sea levels and the increasing intensity of cyclonic events in the region in the past few years (Walsh et al, 2012). These phenomena are intensifying within the region and are likely to continue intensifying for many decades to come unless serious action is taken by the international community to combat climate change. Therefore, every country in the Pacific should build resilience to the adverse effects of climate change and contribute to the international effort to combat climate change. This chapter details the responses of the government of Papua New Guinea (PNG), and its endeavours to match domestic implementation to international initiatives. Climate change has posed specific and significant challenges for Pacific governments, and has had important impacts on a range of national contexts. In particular this chapter describes the gaps between the way Papua New Guinea has responded to international rationales that provide and incentivise funding for climate change in certain ways, and the weaker rationales and successes in implementing processes internally as a nation. By presenting the details and realities of one Pacific government’s endeavour to respond to climate change through the policy process, the chapter portrays the limitations of taking climate change as a small set of simple issues, and instead exposes the required groundwork and the real interface of matching international and grassroots perspectives. PNG, the biggest country in terms of land area and population in the Pacific, is a recognized leader on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD and REDD+103) on the international stage. The broad form of the REDD concept (Costa Rica and PNG, 2005) was masterminded by PNG and Costa Rica and presented at the 11th annual Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP 11) in Montreal in 2005. The former","PeriodicalId":429617,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Climate Cultures","volume":"209 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122169082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.2478/9783110591415-007
J. Connell
{"title":"6 Nothing There Atoll? “Farewell to the Carteret Islands”","authors":"J. Connell","doi":"10.2478/9783110591415-007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/9783110591415-007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":429617,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Climate Cultures","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129543429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.2478/9783110591415-003
Elfriede Hermann, W. Kempf
{"title":"2 “Prophecy from the Past”: Climate Change Discourse, Song Culture and Emotions in Kiribati","authors":"Elfriede Hermann, W. Kempf","doi":"10.2478/9783110591415-003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/9783110591415-003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":429617,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Climate Cultures","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134167517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.2478/9783110591415-004
Cecilie Rubow
As noted by Mike Hulme, the idea of climate change is now to be found active “across the full parade of human endeavours, institutions, practices and stories” (Hulme, 2009: 322). Hulme stresses that this should not make us think that a homogeneous climate change discourse has spread out evenly everywhere; the terrains are rugged, we believe in different things, have different concerns, and know different things, and moreover, the scientific accounts and projections are continuously changed, adjusted and improved. Furthermore, the reception in local communities is, as Rudiak-Gould has expressed it, not necessarily “treated as an obvious truth already plainly apparent to the senses, but as a prophecy whose truth or falsity cannot be taken for granted” (Rudiak-Gould, 2011: 11). In line with these observations, this chapter acknowledges that if it has ever been possible to understand society and nature as separate domains, then that is clearly no longer the case (e.g. Latour 1993). Climate change discourse and changes in the environment are continuously socialized and incorporated in social activities and human imagination, and the destabilization of known landscapes affects the sense of continuity. Thus, climate change is not just an object of study for the hard sciences, it is also a concern and a challenge for the humanities and the social sciences. This chapter takes us to Rarotonga in the Cook Islands to explore responses to both climate changes discourse and first-hand observed changes in local weather patterns. First, I dwell on how five cyclones in 2005 became decisive in the Cook Islands’ early response to climate change as an observable reality. Secondly, I explore how this reception co-articulates with the whirling force and quality of the cyclones in order to reach an understanding of wider culturalnatural processes and the more recent, and somewhat surprising, changes in the predictions of cyclone activity in the South Pacific.
{"title":"3 Woosh–Cyclones as Culturalnatural Whirls: The Receptions of Climate Change in the Cook Islands","authors":"Cecilie Rubow","doi":"10.2478/9783110591415-004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/9783110591415-004","url":null,"abstract":"As noted by Mike Hulme, the idea of climate change is now to be found active “across the full parade of human endeavours, institutions, practices and stories” (Hulme, 2009: 322). Hulme stresses that this should not make us think that a homogeneous climate change discourse has spread out evenly everywhere; the terrains are rugged, we believe in different things, have different concerns, and know different things, and moreover, the scientific accounts and projections are continuously changed, adjusted and improved. Furthermore, the reception in local communities is, as Rudiak-Gould has expressed it, not necessarily “treated as an obvious truth already plainly apparent to the senses, but as a prophecy whose truth or falsity cannot be taken for granted” (Rudiak-Gould, 2011: 11). In line with these observations, this chapter acknowledges that if it has ever been possible to understand society and nature as separate domains, then that is clearly no longer the case (e.g. Latour 1993). Climate change discourse and changes in the environment are continuously socialized and incorporated in social activities and human imagination, and the destabilization of known landscapes affects the sense of continuity. Thus, climate change is not just an object of study for the hard sciences, it is also a concern and a challenge for the humanities and the social sciences. This chapter takes us to Rarotonga in the Cook Islands to explore responses to both climate changes discourse and first-hand observed changes in local weather patterns. First, I dwell on how five cyclones in 2005 became decisive in the Cook Islands’ early response to climate change as an observable reality. Secondly, I explore how this reception co-articulates with the whirling force and quality of the cyclones in order to reach an understanding of wider culturalnatural processes and the more recent, and somewhat surprising, changes in the predictions of cyclone activity in the South Pacific.","PeriodicalId":429617,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Climate Cultures","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126819983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.2478/9783110591415-009
Marion Struck-Garbe
{"title":"8 Reflections on Climate Change by Contemporary Artists in Papua New Guinea","authors":"Marion Struck-Garbe","doi":"10.2478/9783110591415-009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/9783110591415-009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":429617,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Climate Cultures","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121764051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.2478/9783110591415-006
Émilie Nolet
{"title":"5 A Tsunami from the Mountains: Interpreting the Nadi Flood","authors":"Émilie Nolet","doi":"10.2478/9783110591415-006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/9783110591415-006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":429617,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Climate Cultures","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126509577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.2478/9783110591415-001
Tui Atua
{"title":"Prelude: Climate Change and the Perspective of the Fish","authors":"Tui Atua","doi":"10.2478/9783110591415-001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/9783110591415-001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":429617,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Climate Cultures","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117182373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.2478/9783110591415-010
J. Veitayaki, E. Holland
Life in the Pacific Islands is being transformed by climate change: higher temperatures are causing coral bleaching and will affect crops and biodiversity; rising seas are consuming the coastal areas and causing salt water intrusion that is affecting freshwater supplies; carbon dioxide emitted by fossil fuel combustion is being absorbed by the ocean, resulting in changing pH levels leading to ocean acidification; and more frequent and severe storms and tropical cyclones will exacerbate floods and loss of human lives and property. Climate change is altering ecosystems and affecting how Pacific Islanders live in their small island developing states—already burdened by rapidly increasing populations; limited land area; restricted natural resources to accommodate people’s development aspirations; limited finance and scarce and unskilled labour. With such wide-ranging impacts on people’s lives, climate change is regarded as the greatest challenge to life in the Pacific Islands in years ahead. This makes the effort of Pacific Islanders to live with climate change remarkable. While climate change adaptation is everybody’s responsibility and Pacific Island Governments are taking action at national and international levels, the focus in this paper will be on how local communities that are dependent on their land and marine resources are taking action to protect their sources of livelihood and adapt to the new reality ravaged by climate change. Local Fijian communities heavily depend on their island environment that is dominated by the sea and marine resources. These people are at the forefront of attempts to live with climate change, which is expected to have devastating impacts that may mean relocation and the alteration of all their rights. Although indigenous Fijians have ownership rights over their environmental resources whose uses are regulated under customary arrangements and practices, Fijians today have to ensure that their environmental resources provide for them as well as succeeding generations in a time when customary arrangements may no longer be effective and appropriate. Already, many of the time-tested customary arrangements have been altered owing to the transition to a cash-based economic system and other aspects of globalisation now witnessed in the country. In addition, Fijians have to adapt to changing climatic conditions using both the knowledge and practices of
{"title":"9 Lessons from Lomani Gau Project, Fiji: A Local Community’s Response to Climate Change","authors":"J. Veitayaki, E. Holland","doi":"10.2478/9783110591415-010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/9783110591415-010","url":null,"abstract":"Life in the Pacific Islands is being transformed by climate change: higher temperatures are causing coral bleaching and will affect crops and biodiversity; rising seas are consuming the coastal areas and causing salt water intrusion that is affecting freshwater supplies; carbon dioxide emitted by fossil fuel combustion is being absorbed by the ocean, resulting in changing pH levels leading to ocean acidification; and more frequent and severe storms and tropical cyclones will exacerbate floods and loss of human lives and property. Climate change is altering ecosystems and affecting how Pacific Islanders live in their small island developing states—already burdened by rapidly increasing populations; limited land area; restricted natural resources to accommodate people’s development aspirations; limited finance and scarce and unskilled labour. With such wide-ranging impacts on people’s lives, climate change is regarded as the greatest challenge to life in the Pacific Islands in years ahead. This makes the effort of Pacific Islanders to live with climate change remarkable. While climate change adaptation is everybody’s responsibility and Pacific Island Governments are taking action at national and international levels, the focus in this paper will be on how local communities that are dependent on their land and marine resources are taking action to protect their sources of livelihood and adapt to the new reality ravaged by climate change. Local Fijian communities heavily depend on their island environment that is dominated by the sea and marine resources. These people are at the forefront of attempts to live with climate change, which is expected to have devastating impacts that may mean relocation and the alteration of all their rights. Although indigenous Fijians have ownership rights over their environmental resources whose uses are regulated under customary arrangements and practices, Fijians today have to ensure that their environmental resources provide for them as well as succeeding generations in a time when customary arrangements may no longer be effective and appropriate. Already, many of the time-tested customary arrangements have been altered owing to the transition to a cash-based economic system and other aspects of globalisation now witnessed in the country. In addition, Fijians have to adapt to changing climatic conditions using both the knowledge and practices of","PeriodicalId":429617,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Climate Cultures","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128132332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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