We point out that models based on probability theory, and the statistical techniques derived from them, have limited applicability, at least in exploratory multivariate situations. Prior knowledge, if avail- able, must be incorporated into the analysis to yield greater stability. If prior knowledge is not available, however, it must not be invented. This applies to both the structural and the replication framework aspects of a model. The methods of gauging and stability analysis are introduced as alternatives. They use the notion of a technique as the pivot of data anal- ysis, not that of a model. Homogeneity analysis is used as an example.
{"title":"Models for Data","authors":"J. Leeuw","doi":"10.1201/9781439878125-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781439878125-6","url":null,"abstract":"We point out that models based on probability theory, and the statistical techniques derived from them, have limited applicability, at least in exploratory multivariate situations. Prior knowledge, if avail- able, must be incorporated into the analysis to yield greater stability. If prior knowledge is not available, however, it must not be invented. This applies to both the structural and the replication framework aspects of a model. The methods of gauging and stability analysis are introduced as alternatives. They use the notion of a technique as the pivot of data anal- ysis, not that of a model. Homogeneity analysis is used as an example.","PeriodicalId":429706,"journal":{"name":"Statistics for Environmental Science and Management","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124767905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-07DOI: 10.1201/9781420057744.ch10
M. Akritas, I. Keilegom
estimators for the bivariate and marginal distributions of these variables are proposed. The estimators of the marginal distributions are not the marginals of the corresponding estimator of the bivariate distribution. Both estimators require estimation of the conditional distribution when the conditioning variable is subject to censoring. Such a method of estimation is proposed. The weak convergence of the estimators proposed is obtained. A small simulation study suggests that the estimators of the marginal and bivariate distributions perform well relatively to respectively the Kaplan-Meier estimator for the marginal distribution and the estimators of Pruitt and van der Laan for the bivariate distribution. The use of the estimators in practice is illustrated by the analysis of a data set.
给出了这些变量的二元分布和边际分布的估计量。边际分布的估计量不是二元分布的相应估计量的边际。这两种估计都要求对条件变量进行审查时的条件分布进行估计。提出了这样一种估计方法。得到了所提估计量的弱收敛性。一项小型模拟研究表明，边际分布和二元分布的估计量相对于边际分布的Kaplan-Meier估计量和二元分布的Pruitt和van der Laan估计量分别表现良好。通过对一个数据集的分析，说明了这些估计量在实际中的应用。
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E. Lysova, O. Paramonova, N. Samarskaya, N. Yudina
Outlines General environmental monitoring. Special attention is paid to the monitoring of atmospheric air, water objects, soil-ecological monitoring and biodiversity monitoring. Can be useful for students studying in areas of training 20.03.01 "Technospheric security", specialization "environmental Protection and resource saving", "Engineering protection of environment", as well as for professionals in the field of environmental protection.
{"title":"Environmental Monitoring","authors":"E. Lysova, O. Paramonova, N. Samarskaya, N. Yudina","doi":"10.12737/1069167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/1069167","url":null,"abstract":"Outlines General environmental monitoring. Special attention is paid to the monitoring of atmospheric air, water objects, soil-ecological monitoring and biodiversity monitoring. \u0000Can be useful for students studying in areas of training 20.03.01 \"Technospheric security\", specialization \"environmental Protection and resource saving\", \"Engineering protection of environment\", as well as for professionals in the field of environmental protection.","PeriodicalId":429706,"journal":{"name":"Statistics for Environmental Science and Management","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123277656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Spatial Data Analysis","authors":"B. Manly","doi":"10.1201/9781420057744-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420057744-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":429706,"journal":{"name":"Statistics for Environmental Science and Management","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131152169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-24DOI: 10.1142/9789813229242_0020
A. Zimpeck, C. Meinhardt, Laurent Artola, R. Reis
Benefit points complement the concept of points-based estimation. We showed how to use points estimates for both benefit and cost in various project and portfolio management activities. One can also adapt a range of other models that we did not cover (see e.g. [3, 1, 2]) to points-based estimates. Points-based estimates give rise to project management templates into which you can instantiate various monetary values, for example, various scenarios according to uncertainty assessments. Benefit points make benefit estimation explicit. The strength of this approach over others is that benefit points provide an explicit link from the strategic level through the business case and down and into a project’s product elements and backlogs. In portfolio and project management there are opposing views. For example, the earned business value management regime provides a dashboard with indicators of project progress in terms of your estimates, regardless of exactly when and in what direction cash flows. It gives you metrics for the amount of estimated business value and functionality you are producing. The periodized regime, in contrast, provides a dashboard with indicators of when investment is needed and when a return is expected. These two dashboards represent opposing interests belonging to those who favour product, on the one hand, versus those who favour return, on the other hand. Differences in opinion regarding these views have likely resulted in many conflicts and can ultimately run projects aground. The good news is that you can now construct these dashboards using the same points-based data, data that all stakeholders of the project have produced and own jointly. This at least means that decisions can be made that are closer to what amounts to a common vision of product and process. The lack of documented use of techniques that support benefits management and, in fact, the unfortunate dearth of benefits management at all imply that this book is a call for action. Since benefits management, at least in some form, is making its way into corporate and public service regulations, it is time to move beyond mere talk. Benefits management must manifest itself in concrete benefits management tasks whose effects can be monitored over time. The techniques in this book were designed to support benefits management in that way, but the important thing is that you do use benefits management techniques; if not those presented in this book,
{"title":"Final Remarks","authors":"A. Zimpeck, C. Meinhardt, Laurent Artola, R. Reis","doi":"10.1142/9789813229242_0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/9789813229242_0020","url":null,"abstract":"Benefit points complement the concept of points-based estimation. We showed how to use points estimates for both benefit and cost in various project and portfolio management activities. One can also adapt a range of other models that we did not cover (see e.g. [3, 1, 2]) to points-based estimates. Points-based estimates give rise to project management templates into which you can instantiate various monetary values, for example, various scenarios according to uncertainty assessments. Benefit points make benefit estimation explicit. The strength of this approach over others is that benefit points provide an explicit link from the strategic level through the business case and down and into a project’s product elements and backlogs. In portfolio and project management there are opposing views. For example, the earned business value management regime provides a dashboard with indicators of project progress in terms of your estimates, regardless of exactly when and in what direction cash flows. It gives you metrics for the amount of estimated business value and functionality you are producing. The periodized regime, in contrast, provides a dashboard with indicators of when investment is needed and when a return is expected. These two dashboards represent opposing interests belonging to those who favour product, on the one hand, versus those who favour return, on the other hand. Differences in opinion regarding these views have likely resulted in many conflicts and can ultimately run projects aground. The good news is that you can now construct these dashboards using the same points-based data, data that all stakeholders of the project have produced and own jointly. This at least means that decisions can be made that are closer to what amounts to a common vision of product and process. The lack of documented use of techniques that support benefits management and, in fact, the unfortunate dearth of benefits management at all imply that this book is a call for action. Since benefits management, at least in some form, is making its way into corporate and public service regulations, it is time to move beyond mere talk. Benefits management must manifest itself in concrete benefits management tasks whose effects can be monitored over time. The techniques in this book were designed to support benefits management in that way, but the important thing is that you do use benefits management techniques; if not those presented in this book,","PeriodicalId":429706,"journal":{"name":"Statistics for Environmental Science and Management","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125757267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-21DOI: 10.1201/9781420057744.ch1
B. Manly
{"title":"The Role of Statistics in Environmental Science","authors":"B. Manly","doi":"10.1201/9781420057744.ch1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420057744.ch1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":429706,"journal":{"name":"Statistics for Environmental Science and Management","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114688673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-21DOI: 10.1201/9781420057744.CH7
B. Manly
{"title":"Assessing Site Reclamation","authors":"B. Manly","doi":"10.1201/9781420057744.CH7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420057744.CH7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":429706,"journal":{"name":"Statistics for Environmental Science and Management","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121109587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-21DOI: 10.1201/9781420057744.ch11
B. Manly
{"title":"Monte Carlo Risk Assessment","authors":"B. Manly","doi":"10.1201/9781420057744.ch11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420057744.ch11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":429706,"journal":{"name":"Statistics for Environmental Science and Management","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115074027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-21DOI: 10.1201/9781420057744.ch4
B. Manly
{"title":"Drawing Conclusions from Data","authors":"B. Manly","doi":"10.1201/9781420057744.ch4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420057744.ch4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":429706,"journal":{"name":"Statistics for Environmental Science and Management","volume":"10 48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133765019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Time Series Analysis","authors":"T. W. Anderson","doi":"10.1201/9781420057744-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420057744-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":429706,"journal":{"name":"Statistics for Environmental Science and Management","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1962-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121743034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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