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Caring for the Hospitalized Child最新文献

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Pancreatitis 胰腺炎
Caring for the Hospitalized Child
Pub Date : 2013-02-01 DOI: 10.1542/9781581108101-part08-ch37
Brent A. Mothner
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引用次数: 0
Apparent Life-Threatening Events 明显危及生命的事件
Caring for the Hospitalized Child
Pub Date : 2013-02-01 DOI: 10.1542/9781581108101-part23-ch90
Joel S. Tieder
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引用次数: 0
Child Abuse 虐待儿童
Caring for the Hospitalized Child
Pub Date : 2013-02-01 DOI: 10.1542/9781581108101-part22-ch86
Carla N. DeJohn, M. Donaruma-Kwoh
We provide detailed measurement of the illegal trade in child exploitation material (CEM, also known as child pornography) from mid-2011 through 2014 on five popular peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing networks. We characterize several observations: counts of peers trafficking in CEM; the proportion of arrested traffickers that were identified during the investigation as committing contact sexual offenses against children; trends in the traf- ficking of sexual images of sadistic acts and infants or toddlers; the relationship between such content and contact offenders; and survival rates of CEM. In the 5 P2P networks we examined, we estimate there were recently about 840,000 unique installations per month of P2P programs sharing CEM worldwide. We estimate that about 3 in 10,000 Internet users worldwide were sharing CEM in a given month; rates vary per country. We found an overall month-to-month decline in trafficking of CEM during our study. By surveying law enforcement we determined that 9.5% of persons arrested for P2P-based CEM trafficking on the studied networks were identified during the investigation as having sexually offended against children offline. Rates per network varied, ranging from 8% of arrests for CEM trafficking on Gnutella to 21% on BitTorrent. Within BitTorrent, where law enforce- ment applied their own measure of content severity, the rate of contact offenses among peers sharing the most-severe CEM (29%) was higher than those sharing the least-severe CEM (15%). Although the persistence of CEM on the networks varied, it generally survived for long periods of time; e.g., BitTorrent CEM had a survival rate near 100%. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
我们提供了从2011年中期到2014年在五个流行的点对点(P2P)文件共享网络上非法交易儿童剥削材料(CEM，也称为儿童色情)的详细测量。我们描述了几个观察结果:CEM中同伴贩运的计数;在调查过程中被发现对儿童实施接触性犯罪的人贩子所占比例;贩卖虐待行为和婴幼儿性图像的趋势;此类内容与接触违法者的关系;CEM的存活率。在我们调查的5个P2P网络中，我们估计最近全球共享CEM的P2P程序每月的独立安装量约为84万。我们估计，在一个月内，全球每1万名互联网用户中就有3人在分享CEM;费率因国家而异。我们在研究期间发现，整体而言，澳电的走私呈逐月下降趋势。通过对执法部门的调查，我们确定在调查过程中，9.5%因在研究网络上进行基于p2p的CEM贩运而被捕的人被认定为在线下对儿童进行性侵犯。每个网络的逮捕率各不相同，从Gnutella的8%到BitTorrent的21%不等。在BitTorrent中，执法部门使用他们自己的内容严重性衡量标准，共享最严重CEM的同伴之间的接触犯罪率(29%)高于共享最不严重CEM的同伴(15%)。虽然CEM在网络上的持久性各不相同，但它通常存活很长一段时间;例如，BitTorrent CEM的存活率接近100%。©2015 Elsevier Ltd.版权所有。
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引用次数: 0
Anemia 贫血
Caring for the Hospitalized Child
Pub Date : 2013-02-01 DOI: 10.1542/9781581108101-part10-ch41
J. Kuzminski
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引用次数: 0
Neck Masses 脖子上的质量
Caring for the Hospitalized Child
Pub Date : 2013-02-01 DOI: 10.1542/9781610021159-17
Jennifer A. Nead, L. Chase
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引用次数: 0
Red Eye 红色的眼睛
Caring for the Hospitalized Child
Pub Date : 2013-02-01 DOI: 10.1542/9781581108101-part19-ch79
Jonathan T. Johnson
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引用次数: 0
White Eye 白色的眼睛
Caring for the Hospitalized Child
Pub Date : 2013-02-01 DOI: 10.1542/9781581108101-part19-ch80
Jonathan T. Johnson
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引用次数: 0
Family-Centered Rounds 小轮
Caring for the Hospitalized Child
Pub Date : 2013-02-01 DOI: 10.1542/9781581108101-part15-ch52
Carla N. DeJohn, Geeta R Singhal
In 2007, Muething et al1 developed the fi rst FCR model for improvement and described the role of FCRs in enhancing family-centered care, trainee education, and reducing discharge timeliness. Since then, many hospitalists programs have incorporated FCRs into their daily rounds, and by 2010, >44% of pediatric hospitalists reported conducting FCRs.2 Sisterhen et al3 defi ned FCRs as a model that involves planned, purposeful interaction that requires the permission of patients and families and the cooperation of physicians, nurses, and ancillary staff. Although the last decade was spent in establishing FCRs and identifying the attendees’ perceptions of FCRs and their impact on patient care, a recent study by Sharma et al4 in the current issue of Hospital Pediatrics has taken FCRs to the next level by better operationalizing FCRs and setting the stage for future outcomes evaluation.
2007年，Muething等人开发了第一个用于改进的FCR模型，并描述了FCR在加强以家庭为中心的护理、培训生教育和降低出院及时性方面的作用。从那时起，许多医院的项目将fcr纳入了他们的日常查房，到2010年，>44%的儿科医院医生报告进行了fcrSisterhen等人3将fcr定义为一种模式，它涉及有计划的、有目的的互动，需要患者和家属的许可，以及医生、护士和辅助人员的合作。尽管过去十年一直致力于建立fcr，并确定参与者对fcr的看法及其对患者护理的影响，但Sharma等人最近在本期《医院儿科学》上发表的一项研究4通过更好地实施fcr，并为未来的结果评估奠定了基础，将fcr提升到了一个新的水平。
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引用次数: 0
Acute Abdomen 急腹症
Caring for the Hospitalized Child
Pub Date : 2013-02-01 DOI: 10.1542/9781610021159-118
D. Hershey
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引用次数: 0
Pediatric Palliative Care 小儿姑息治疗
Caring for the Hospitalized Child
Pub Date : 2013-02-01 DOI: 10.1542/9781581108101-part15-ch57
T. Vesel, E. Kaye, M. E. Hood
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引用次数: 9
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