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International Journal of Technoethics最新文献

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The Cultural Influence of Control Sharing in Autonomous Driving 自动驾驶中控制共享的文化影响
IF 1.4 Q4 ETHICS Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/ijt.302629
This research investigated the cross-cultural perspectives on control-sharing in ethical decision-making when both human and AI-enabled auto-driven vehicles to involve. We reviewed the current practices. We then illustrated a survey we conducted related to this topic on a total of 771 subjects from three nations, the U.S., India, and Nigeria. We found participants from individualistic culture tend to emphasize personal choice and human control. We also found though most subjects prefer human drivers to take full control, India's subjects were more ambivalent in their attitude due to lower uncertainty avoidance. Also, subjects with higher incomes were more likely to cede control. There was consistent proportional distribution across nations in the control sharing configuration, with 2/3 chose full customization, and 1/3 chose limited customization. Car owners are more likely to have more control and full customization. Our findings shed important insights on both research in this domain and industry practitioners.
本研究从跨文化角度探讨了人类和人工智能自动驾驶汽车在伦理决策中的控制权共享。我们回顾了当前的做法。然后,我们说明了我们对来自美国、印度和尼日利亚三个国家的771名受试者进行的与此主题相关的调查。我们发现来自个人主义文化的参与者倾向于强调个人选择和人为控制。我们还发现,尽管大多数受试者更喜欢人类司机完全控制,但印度受试者的态度更加矛盾,因为他们的不确定性规避程度较低。此外,收入越高的受试者更有可能放弃控制权。在控制共享配置中,不同国家的比例分布一致,2/3的人选择完全定制,1/3的人选择有限定制。车主更有可能拥有更多的控制权和完全的定制。我们的研究结果为该领域的研究和行业从业者提供了重要的见解。
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引用次数: 1
AI4People AI4People
IF 1.4 Q4 ETHICS Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/ijt.20210101.oa2
C. Lütge, Franziska Poszler, Aida Joaquin Acosta, D. Danks, Gail Gottehrer, L. Mihet-Popa, A. Naseer
This paper presents the work of the AI4People-Automotive Committee established to advise more concretely on specific ethical issues that arise from autonomous vehicles (AVs). Practical recommendations for the automotive sector are provided across the topic areas: human agency and oversight, technical robustness and safety, privacy and data governance, transparency, diversity, non-discrimination and fairness, societal and environmental wellbeing, as well as accountability. By doing so, this paper distinguishes between policy recommendations that aim to assist policymakers in setting acceptable standards and industry recommendations that formulate guidelines for companies across their value chain. In the future, the automotive sector may rely on these recommendations to determine relevant next steps and to ensure that AVs comply with ethical principles.
本文介绍了AI4People-Automotive委员会的工作,该委员会的成立是为了就自动驾驶汽车(AVs)产生的具体伦理问题提供更具体的建议。为汽车行业提供了跨主题领域的实用建议:人类机构和监督、技术稳健性和安全性、隐私和数据治理、透明度、多样性、非歧视和公平、社会和环境福祉,以及问责制。通过这样做,本文区分了旨在帮助决策者制定可接受标准的政策建议和为公司制定价值链指导方针的行业建议。未来,汽车行业可能会依靠这些建议来确定相关的下一步措施,并确保自动驾驶汽车遵守道德原则。
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引用次数: 5
Globalization and Global Health. 全球化与全球健康。
IF 1.4 Q4 ETHICS Pub Date : 2015-07-01 DOI: 10.4018/IJT.2015070104
Florencia Luna

Globalization shrinks the world. The world watches on television people dying of hunger or in extreme poverty conditions. Every year, 8 million children die before they reach the age of 5 from preventable diseases. "Exotic illnesses" cease to be so exotic, they can cross borders easily. Ebola, originally an African worry, in 2014 was an international threat. The revolution in information technologies enables us witness the emergence of transnational epistemic communities exhibiting, measuring and explaining health and disease. Presently, the authors are more aware than ever of the health problems of people from far away countries, which decades ago were unknown and distant. The transparency and availability of this information exhibits, in a quasi-obscene way, an unacceptable world. A world that is willing to rescue banks and ignores the worst off - those people whose unlucky birth seals a never ending cycle of misery with almost no possibility of breaking it. This paper address the situation just described by asking: Are these new empiric circumstances reflected in the authors' moral understanding of the issues? How should the world think of global health and their obligations towards people living in deprivation? How can the new empiric possibilities the global world offers be related to the implementation of such obligations? What are some of the challenges to the translation of new obligations to the present world? In addressing these questions, the paper argues that if the world seriously wants to address the obligations towards those in need, even if they are far away from the places they may need to work not only with ideal proposals such as the "new obligations" pointed by Singer and Pogge, but also with different transitional theories and non-ideal strategies in order to solve some of the big challenges the real world impose to theories.

全球化缩小了世界。全世界都在电视上看到人们死于饥饿或极度贫困。每年有800万儿童在5岁之前死于可预防的疾病。“外来疾病”不再那么具有异国情调,它们可以很容易地跨越国界。埃博拉病毒最初是非洲的担忧,2014年已成为国际威胁。信息技术革命使我们能够目睹跨国知识共同体的出现,展示、衡量和解释健康和疾病。目前,作者比以往任何时候都更加意识到来自遥远国家的人们的健康问题,而这些问题在几十年前是未知和遥远的。这些信息的透明度和可用性以一种近乎淫秽的方式展示了一个令人无法接受的世界。这个世界愿意拯救银行,却忽视了最糟糕的人——那些不幸出生的人,注定了一个永无止境的痛苦循环,几乎不可能打破这个循环。本文通过以下问题来解决刚才描述的情况:这些新的经验情况是否反映在作者对这些问题的道德理解中?世界应如何看待全球健康及其对贫困人口的义务?全球世界提供的新的经验可能性如何与履行这些义务有关?对当今世界的新义务的翻译有哪些挑战?在解决这些问题时,论文认为,如果世界认真地想要解决对那些需要帮助的人的义务,即使他们远离这些地方,他们可能不仅需要像Singer和Pogge指出的“新义务”这样的理想建议,而且还需要不同的过渡理论和非理想策略,以解决现实世界给理论带来的一些重大挑战。
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引用次数: 1
Brain, Body, and Mind Neuroethics with a Human Face 脑、身、心与人脸的神经伦理学
IF 1.4 Q4 ETHICS Pub Date : 2012-04-01 DOI: 10.4018/JTE.2012040105
J. Patterson
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引用次数: 6
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International Journal of Technoethics
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