A ground radioactivity survey report and it geological analyses are presented in this work. The survey was aimed at delineating possible zones of concentration of pegmatite intrusions, a rock whose components are useful in the in the electrical and ceramic industries among others. The survey covers longitude 12°54’-13°00’E and latitude 10°7’-10°15’N, with a total surface area of 155.52 km2. Dominant plutonic rocks in the area are coarse grained/pegmatitic granites which occur as intrusion in the metamorphic rocks (gneiss and migmatite). The survey was undertaken with a Geiger counter at station spacing of 1 min (1ꞌ) following mostly a system of grid lines. A total of 48 stations were occupied and measurements of the radiometric field variations were made. Thirteen radio-lineaments have been mapped, majority (7) align with pan African deformational direction (N-S, NE-SW). Others align in the NW and E-W directions. Some radio-lineaments correlate or align with geomorphologic features of hills and straight channel streams. Based on high radiometry and ground truthing results the northern sector of the study area is designated as a pegmatite zone. Other high radiometric zones are suggested as targets for investigation for possible pegmatite occurrences because of the economic importance of this rock. Key words: Radiometric anomalies, basement complex rocks, pegmatites, lineaments and geomorphic features.
{"title":"Geological analysis of ground radiometric survey data of Hong hills, Hawal basement complex, N. E. Nigeria","authors":"N. E. Bassey, Helen N. Unachukwu","doi":"10.5897/JGMR2018.0301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JGMR2018.0301","url":null,"abstract":"A ground radioactivity survey report and it geological analyses are presented in this work. The survey was aimed at delineating possible zones of concentration of pegmatite intrusions, a rock whose components are useful in the in the electrical and ceramic industries among others. The survey covers longitude 12°54’-13°00’E and latitude 10°7’-10°15’N, with a total surface area of 155.52 km2. Dominant plutonic rocks in the area are coarse grained/pegmatitic granites which occur as intrusion in the metamorphic rocks (gneiss and migmatite). The survey was undertaken with a Geiger counter at station spacing of 1 min (1ꞌ) following mostly a system of grid lines. A total of 48 stations were occupied and measurements of the radiometric field variations were made. Thirteen radio-lineaments have been mapped, majority (7) align with pan African deformational direction (N-S, NE-SW). Others align in the NW and E-W directions. Some radio-lineaments correlate or align with geomorphologic features of hills and straight channel streams. Based on high radiometry and ground truthing results the northern sector of the study area is designated as a pegmatite zone. Other high radiometric zones are suggested as targets for investigation for possible pegmatite occurrences because of the economic importance of this rock. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Radiometric anomalies, basement complex rocks, pegmatites, lineaments and geomorphic features.","PeriodicalId":430415,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geology and Mining Research","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128112709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shehu Sani Jamaluddeen, Musa O. Aku, Muhammad Saleh, Abdulrahim Ali Bunawa, Salihu Bolaji Sharafa
This work presents a reconnaissance study to delineate potential mineral zones in the schist belt areas of Kano State. These parts of the state have received little or no attention for a long time and activities of artisanal miners suggest that the area is of economic mineral value. Airborne magnetic data acquired from Nigerian Geological Survey Agency (NGSA) were first reduced to the equator before subjecting them to first and second vertical derivatives. The short wavelength anomalies recorded in the study area, ranging from -99.182 to 88.338 nT indicate that the area is characterized by crystalline basement complex rocks. The results of the vertical derivatives show that lineaments (depicting faults, fractures and contacts) which represent veins of possible mineralization exist in the study area. The trend of these lineaments is in the NE-SW and E-W directions with the NE-SW trend dominating. Location with high mineral favorability is bounded within longitudes 7°51’ E to 8° 12’ E and latitudes 11° 46‘ N to 12° 30’ N in the NE – SW directions. The trend cuts through Gwarzo, Shanono, Bagwai, Tsanyawa, Bichi and Kunchi. Key words: Airborne magnetic data, Lineament, Mineralization, Schist Belt and Vertical derivatives.
{"title":"A reconnaisance study to delineate the potential mineral zones around the schist belt areas Of Kano State, Nigeria using airborne magnetic data","authors":"Shehu Sani Jamaluddeen, Musa O. Aku, Muhammad Saleh, Abdulrahim Ali Bunawa, Salihu Bolaji Sharafa","doi":"10.5897/JGMR2018.0307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JGMR2018.0307","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents a reconnaissance study to delineate potential mineral zones in the schist belt areas of Kano State. These parts of the state have received little or no attention for a long time and activities of artisanal miners suggest that the area is of economic mineral value. Airborne magnetic data acquired from Nigerian Geological Survey Agency (NGSA) were first reduced to the equator before subjecting them to first and second vertical derivatives. The short wavelength anomalies recorded in the study area, ranging from -99.182 to 88.338 nT indicate that the area is characterized by crystalline basement complex rocks. The results of the vertical derivatives show that lineaments (depicting faults, fractures and contacts) which represent veins of possible mineralization exist in the study area. The trend of these lineaments is in the NE-SW and E-W directions with the NE-SW trend dominating. Location with high mineral favorability is bounded within longitudes 7°51’ E to 8° 12’ E and latitudes 11° 46‘ N to 12° 30’ N in the NE – SW directions. The trend cuts through Gwarzo, Shanono, Bagwai, Tsanyawa, Bichi and Kunchi. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Airborne magnetic data, Lineament, Mineralization, Schist Belt and Vertical derivatives.","PeriodicalId":430415,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geology and Mining Research","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128888102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Satellite remote sensing has contributed immensely to the interpretation of linear features and other geological structures. In the study area, lineaments mapped were linear and planar features on satellite imageries that are expression of fractures, or faults within the subsurface. Image lines of different contrast may extend from a few centimetres to several of metres in length. The Landsat imagery used has a spatial resolution of 30 x 30 m, and eleven spectral bands covering the visible and thermal region of electromagnetic spectrum. Four spectral bands were selected and used for the purpose of structural mapping namely; thermal infra-red band (Band 11), 11.5 to 12.51 µm; Short-wave infrared (Band 6), 1.57 – 1.65 µm; near Infrared (Band 5) 0.85 to 0.88 µm and Red (Band 4) 0.64 – 0.67 µm. Lineaments extracted from the digital satellite scene are concentrated mostly on the sandstone belt in the North-East close to Amasiri area. A total of 116 lineaments were generated. Seven thematic maps were produced; digital elevation model (DEM) was used to create surface features maps, shaded relief and slope while the regional lineament map was digitized from the enhanced colour composites of Landsat ETM (bands 7, 5 and 2) image using ARCGIS 10.0 software for visual extraction and delineation of geological structures which were also ground-truth. The area indicates major NE – SW to minor E – W orientation of lineaments. The lineament density identified indicates regional lineaments are of great importance as indexes for groundwater exploration, mineralization targets, rocks quarrying and structural interpretation. Key words: Landsat imagery, geological structures, linear trends, ground-truth, Afikpo area Southeastern Nigeria.
卫星遥感对线性特征和其他地质构造的解释作出了巨大贡献。在研究区，在卫星图像上绘制的线状和平面特征是地下裂缝或断层的表达。不同对比度的图像线的长度可以从几厘米到几米不等。使用的Landsat图像的空间分辨率为30 x 30 m, 11个光谱带覆盖了电磁波谱的可见区和热区。选择了四个光谱波段进行结构制图，分别是;热红外波段(波段11)，11.5 ~ 12.51µm;短波红外(波段6)，1.57 - 1.65µm;近红外(波段5)0.85 ~ 0.88µm，红(波段4)0.64 ~ 0.67µm。从数字卫星场景中提取的轮廓主要集中在靠近Amasiri地区的东北部砂岩带。共生成了116个纹理。制作了七幅专题地图;利用数字高程模型(DEM)绘制地物图、阴影地形图和坡度图，同时利用ARCGIS 10.0软件对Landsat ETM(波段7、5和2)图像的增强型彩色复合图像进行数字化处理，并对地质构造进行视觉提取和圈定，得到了符合地面真实情况的区域线状图。该区域显示出主要的NE - SW走向，次要的E - W走向。区域线体密度的识别表明，区域线体作为地下水勘探、成矿靶区、岩石采掘和构造解释的重要指标。关键词:陆地卫星图像，地质构造，线性趋势，地面真实度，尼日利亚东南部Afikpo地区
{"title":"Remote sensing signature of geological structures inferred on landsat imagery of Afikpo area Southeastern Nigeria","authors":"C. J. Okeke, V. Ukaegbu, N. Egesi","doi":"10.5897/JGMR2018.0305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JGMR2018.0305","url":null,"abstract":"Satellite remote sensing has contributed immensely to the interpretation of linear features and other geological structures. In the study area, lineaments mapped were linear and planar features on satellite imageries that are expression of fractures, or faults within the subsurface. Image lines of different contrast may extend from a few centimetres to several of metres in length. The Landsat imagery used has a spatial resolution of 30 x 30 m, and eleven spectral bands covering the visible and thermal region of electromagnetic spectrum. Four spectral bands were selected and used for the purpose of structural mapping namely; thermal infra-red band (Band 11), 11.5 to 12.51 µm; Short-wave infrared (Band 6), 1.57 – 1.65 µm; near Infrared (Band 5) 0.85 to 0.88 µm and Red (Band 4) 0.64 – 0.67 µm. Lineaments extracted from the digital satellite scene are concentrated mostly on the sandstone belt in the North-East close to Amasiri area. A total of 116 lineaments were generated. Seven thematic maps were produced; digital elevation model (DEM) was used to create surface features maps, shaded relief and slope while the regional lineament map was digitized from the enhanced colour composites of Landsat ETM (bands 7, 5 and 2) image using ARCGIS 10.0 software for visual extraction and delineation of geological structures which were also ground-truth. The area indicates major NE – SW to minor E – W orientation of lineaments. The lineament density identified indicates regional lineaments are of great importance as indexes for groundwater exploration, mineralization targets, rocks quarrying and structural interpretation. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Landsat imagery, geological structures, linear trends, ground-truth, Afikpo area Southeastern Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":430415,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geology and Mining Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133474269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Geoscience prospecting for gold mineralisation was conducted in Kwakuti town located within Latitudes 9.362500°N to 9.387500°N and Longitudes 6.920833°E to 6.945833°E in Northern Nigeria. The deployed geosciences techniques comprise surface geological mapping, processing and analysis of aeromagnetic total magnetic field intensity data using Oasis Montaj software and X-ray fluorescence analysis of soil samples. Migmatites and gneiss dominate the rock outcrops in the area. The migmatites occupy high elevations on the north-eastern and eastern portion of the area, where they display low magnetic field intensity values. The schist occupies moderate to low elevation areas and they display high magnetic field intensity values. The migmatites are dotted with quartz veins which constitute the gold mineralisation zone. Oval shaped high magnetic anomalous zones within the schist indicate basic intrusive into the schist. First derivative map of the magnetic field intensity data reveal NE-SW trending lineaments. They likely conducted hydrothermal fluids from the basic intrusive into the migmatites on the northeast, where gold mineralisation occurred by metasomatic ionic exchange. Spatial concentration of TiO2 and MnO2 are the highest within the oval shaped high magnetic anomalous zones in the southern portion of the study area. This strengthens the inference that basic intrusive underlies the area. Gold concentration distribution pattern in the area is skewed NE-SW, thereby suggesting that the NE-SW structures control the mineralisation. Mining activities will be more efficient if directed along the NE-SW structural trend. Key words: Aeromagnetic data, aero-radiometric data, geologic mapping, gold mineralisation, X-ray fluorescence.
{"title":"Integrated geosciences prospecting for gold mineralization in Kwakuti, North-Central Nigeria","authors":"J. S. Ejepu, I UnuevhoC., T. Ako, S. Abdullahi","doi":"10.5897/JGMR2018.0296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JGMR2018.0296","url":null,"abstract":"Geoscience prospecting for gold mineralisation was conducted in Kwakuti town located within Latitudes 9.362500°N to 9.387500°N and Longitudes 6.920833°E to 6.945833°E in Northern Nigeria. The deployed geosciences techniques comprise surface geological mapping, processing and analysis of aeromagnetic total magnetic field intensity data using Oasis Montaj software and X-ray fluorescence analysis of soil samples. Migmatites and gneiss dominate the rock outcrops in the area. The migmatites occupy high elevations on the north-eastern and eastern portion of the area, where they display low magnetic field intensity values. The schist occupies moderate to low elevation areas and they display high magnetic field intensity values. The migmatites are dotted with quartz veins which constitute the gold mineralisation zone. Oval shaped high magnetic anomalous zones within the schist indicate basic intrusive into the schist. First derivative map of the magnetic field intensity data reveal NE-SW trending lineaments. They likely conducted hydrothermal fluids from the basic intrusive into the migmatites on the northeast, where gold mineralisation occurred by metasomatic ionic exchange. Spatial concentration of TiO2 and MnO2 are the highest within the oval shaped high magnetic anomalous zones in the southern portion of the study area. This strengthens the inference that basic intrusive underlies the area. Gold concentration distribution pattern in the area is skewed NE-SW, thereby suggesting that the NE-SW structures control the mineralisation. Mining activities will be more efficient if directed along the NE-SW structural trend. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Aeromagnetic data, aero-radiometric data, geologic mapping, gold mineralisation, X-ray fluorescence.","PeriodicalId":430415,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geology and Mining Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125261211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. I. Okwokwo, A. A. Adetona, T. Adewumi, S. O. Adediran
This study focuses on the quantitative interpretation of aeromagnetic data to estimate the thickness of sediments over part of Bida Basin so as to identify possible areas of hydrocarbon potential. The study area covers an area of 24,200 km2 located between latitude 8° 30ꞌN and 9° 30ꞌN and longitudes 5° 00ꞌE and 7° 00ꞌE. Aeromagnetic data in grid format containing eight sheets were analysed and interpreted. Polynomial fitting was used in regional/residual separation and this result to the residual field data that corresponds to the target source for further processing. Three depth estimating methods were employed in this study; Euler deconvolution, source parameter imaging and spectral depth analysis. Euler depth determination method reveals a maximum depth of 3.56 km around Mokwa and Batati areas. Shallow sources also exist around Pategi, Paiko, Izom and Lapai areas with an average depth ranging from 107.74 m to about 514.82 m. Source parameter imaging shows a deeper sedimentary thickness of 4.2 km in the same area with Euler deconvolution. Spectral depth analysis also showed a maximum sedimentary thickness of 3.50 km. It was found in the study that the maximum depths obtained might probably be sufficient enough for hydrocarbon maturation and gas accumulation. Further research using seismic reflection might be carried out in the areas where maximum depth was obtained. Key words: Aeromagnetic data, polynomial fitting, spectral analysis, euler deconvolution source parameter imaging.
{"title":"Interpretation of high resolution aeromagnetic data to determine sedimentary thickness over part of Bida Basin, North Central Nigeria","authors":"O. I. Okwokwo, A. A. Adetona, T. Adewumi, S. O. Adediran","doi":"10.5897/JGMR2018.0293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JGMR2018.0293","url":null,"abstract":"This study focuses on the quantitative interpretation of aeromagnetic data to estimate the thickness of sediments over part of Bida Basin so as to identify possible areas of hydrocarbon potential. The study area covers an area of 24,200 km2 located between latitude 8° 30ꞌN and 9° 30ꞌN and longitudes 5° 00ꞌE and 7° 00ꞌE. Aeromagnetic data in grid format containing eight sheets were analysed and interpreted. Polynomial fitting was used in regional/residual separation and this result to the residual field data that corresponds to the target source for further processing. Three depth estimating methods were employed in this study; Euler deconvolution, source parameter imaging and spectral depth analysis. Euler depth determination method reveals a maximum depth of 3.56 km around Mokwa and Batati areas. Shallow sources also exist around Pategi, Paiko, Izom and Lapai areas with an average depth ranging from 107.74 m to about 514.82 m. Source parameter imaging shows a deeper sedimentary thickness of 4.2 km in the same area with Euler deconvolution. Spectral depth analysis also showed a maximum sedimentary thickness of 3.50 km. It was found in the study that the maximum depths obtained might probably be sufficient enough for hydrocarbon maturation and gas accumulation. Further research using seismic reflection might be carried out in the areas where maximum depth was obtained. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Aeromagnetic data, polynomial fitting, spectral analysis, euler deconvolution source parameter imaging.","PeriodicalId":430415,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geology and Mining Research","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121904771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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