Pub Date : 2019-01-11DOI: 10.1002/9781119372394.ch22
Roy F. Janisch
“We need to stop talking about mass incarceration. ...Yes, the numbers justify calling it “mass.” But people experience imprisonment as something quite personal. It’s your father wearing greens. Your husband is “upstate.” Your Mommy cuffed in the back of a patrol car. When you walk into that visiting room, you see your son incarcerated, and other parents visiting their sons, not “masses”. We can only see people as the worst thing they have ever done if we don’t actually see them.” Elizabeth Gaynes, President and CEO, Osborne Association. (abridged)
{"title":"Mass Incarceration","authors":"Roy F. Janisch","doi":"10.1002/9781119372394.ch22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119372394.ch22","url":null,"abstract":"“We need to stop talking about mass incarceration. ...Yes, the numbers justify calling it “mass.” But people experience imprisonment as something quite personal. It’s your father wearing greens. Your husband is “upstate.” Your Mommy cuffed in the back of a patrol car. When you walk into that visiting room, you see your son incarcerated, and other parents visiting their sons, not “masses”. We can only see people as the worst thing they have ever done if we don’t actually see them.” Elizabeth Gaynes, President and CEO, Osborne Association. (abridged)","PeriodicalId":431620,"journal":{"name":"The Handbook of Social Control","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121523053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-11-10DOI: 10.1002/9781119372394.CH1
James J. Chriss
This chapter provides an overview of the concept of social control in the history of sociology. Social control emerged in the late nineteenth century at roughly the same time as the establishment of American sociology, with Edward A. Ross being the main innovator of the concept. A parallel movement in Europe (represented in the thought of Emile Durkheim and Max Weber) focused on the larger problem of social order rather than social control per se. By the 1950s, Talcott Parsons sought to bring into alignment the broader concept of social order with the narrower one of social control by way of the development of a general theory of social systems that specified four functions operating across all levels of human reality. The analytical requirement of four functions implied that social control appeared concretely as four basic types: informal, legal, medical, and religious. By the 1980s, the consensus within sociology saw a further simplification of the Parsons schema into three basic types of social control: informal, legal, and medical (with religious control now being subsumed under informal). The trend over time has been that the most ancient and fundamental system of control – informal control – has waned and become somewhat imperiled in the face of the growth of both legal and medical control.
本章概述了社会学历史上的社会控制概念。社会控制出现在19世纪后期，与美国社会学的建立大致同时，爱德华·a·罗斯(Edward A. Ross)是这一概念的主要创新者。欧洲的一场平行运动(以埃米尔·迪尔凯姆和马克斯·韦伯的思想为代表)关注的是更大的社会秩序问题，而不是社会控制本身。到20世纪50年代，塔尔科特·帕森斯(Talcott Parsons)试图通过发展社会系统的一般理论，将更广泛的社会秩序概念与更狭隘的社会控制概念结合起来，该理论规定了在人类现实的各个层面上运行的四种功能。四种功能的分析要求意味着社会控制具体表现为四种基本类型:非正式的、法律的、医疗的和宗教的。到20世纪80年代，社会学内部的共识看到帕森斯模式进一步简化为三种基本的社会控制类型:非正式的、法律的和医疗的(宗教控制现在被纳入非正式控制之下)。长期以来的趋势是，最古老和最基本的控制制度——非正式控制——在面对法律和医疗控制的增长时已经衰落，并在某种程度上受到威胁。
{"title":"Social Control","authors":"James J. Chriss","doi":"10.1002/9781119372394.CH1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119372394.CH1","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter provides an overview of the concept of social control in the history of sociology. Social control emerged in the late nineteenth century at roughly the same time as the establishment of American sociology, with Edward A. Ross being the main innovator of the concept. A parallel movement in Europe (represented in the thought of Emile Durkheim and Max Weber) focused on the larger problem of social order rather than social control per se. By the 1950s, Talcott Parsons sought to bring into alignment the broader concept of social order with the narrower one of social control by way of the development of a general theory of social systems that specified four functions operating across all levels of human reality. The analytical requirement of four functions implied that social control appeared concretely as four basic types: informal, legal, medical, and religious. By the 1980s, the consensus within sociology saw a further simplification of the Parsons schema into three basic types of social control: informal, legal, and medical (with religious control now being subsumed under informal). The trend over time has been that the most ancient and fundamental system of control – informal control – has waned and become somewhat imperiled in the face of the growth of both legal and medical control.","PeriodicalId":431620,"journal":{"name":"The Handbook of Social Control","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132301163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：