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Blockchain Technology: Application in the Financial Industry 区块链技术:在金融行业的应用
Pub Date : 2021-04-09 DOI: 10.19085/SIJMD070801
J. Kapadia
Cryptocurrencies and their underlying blockchain technology are being out as the next big thing after the creation of the internet. The Blockchain is an encrypted, distributed database that records data, or in other words, it is a digital ledger of any transactions, contracts - that needs to be independently recorded. Blockchain has been initially launched as an approach to payment transactions based on cryptography to provide an alternative mechanism for the trust between two transacting parties. Blockchain technology has sparked a lively debate among researchers. This article tried to study the applications of blockchain technology in the financial industry.
加密货币及其底层的区块链技术将成为继互联网之后的下一件大事。区块链是一个加密的分布式数据库,用于记录数据,或者换句话说,它是任何交易、合同的数字分类账,需要独立记录。区块链最初是作为一种基于密码学的支付交易方法而推出的,它为交易双方之间的信任提供了一种替代机制。区块链技术在研究人员中引发了激烈的争论。本文试图研究区块链技术在金融行业中的应用。
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引用次数: 3
The Synchronization of Financial and Business Cycles in Saudi Arabia 沙特阿拉伯金融和商业周期的同步
Pub Date : 2018-05-16 DOI: 10.19085/JOURNAL.SIJMD050401
Osama El-Baz
Financial cycles have become vividly tracked and analyzed by regulatory authorities to avoid the buildup of excessive systemic risks in the financial system that could hamper economic growth. However, fiscal policy usually pays an exclusive attention to business cycles; which might leave fiscal outcomes vulnerable to financial sector dynamics. We investigated financial and business cycles in Saudi Arabia over the period (1970Q1- 2016Q4). The results of the BBQ cycle dating algorithm revealed that the duration of financial upturns (downturns) are longer than that for economic expansions (contractions) in means, also both the amplitude and the slope for upturns (downturns) are higher than those for expansions (contractions) in means. Moreover, financial cycle episodes are more frequent than business cycle episodes. Finally, we found empirical evidence that financial (credit) conditions are crucial for economic stability. Fiscal policy can play an important role in fostering economic growth going forward through the implementation of a countercyclical policy that allows for the accumulation of fiscal buffers and releasing them during periods of an economic slowdown, the setup of early warning systems for business and financial cycles, and the introduction of fiscal rules to limit the scope for a procyclical fiscal stance.
为了避免金融系统中过多的系统性风险的积累而阻碍经济增长,监管当局对金融周期进行了生动的跟踪和分析。然而,财政政策通常只关注商业周期;这可能使财政结果容易受到金融部门动态的影响。我们调查了沙特阿拉伯在1970年第一季度至2016年第四季度期间的金融和商业周期。BBQ周期定年算法的结果显示,金融上升(衰退)的持续时间比经济扩张(收缩)的持续时间长,而且上升(衰退)的幅度和斜率都高于平均扩张(收缩)的幅度和斜率。此外,金融周期比商业周期更频繁。最后,我们发现了金融(信贷)条件对经济稳定至关重要的经验证据。财政政策可以在促进未来经济增长方面发挥重要作用,通过实施反周期政策,允许财政缓冲的积累并在经济放缓期间释放它们,建立商业和金融周期预警系统,以及引入财政规则以限制顺周期财政立场的范围。
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引用次数: 3
Workforce Diversity Management Strategies and Organisational Performance in the Food and Beverage Industries in Lagos State, Nigeria 劳动力多样性管理战略和组织绩效在食品和饮料行业在拉各斯州,尼日利亚
Pub Date : 2018-04-20 DOI: 10.19085/JOURNAL.SIJMD050101
Oyedele Ola Olusegun, I. Abdulraheem, Brimah Aminu Nassir
Workforce Diversity Management is gradually being used and becoming acceptable as a significant organizational resource in esteems to whether the objective is to be an employer choice, to offer outstanding customer service, or to sustain a competitive advantage. It also has verified to have controlled to an opinion of being essential for organizational performance especially in the Food and Beverage Industry in Nigeria. This ultimate faith forces managers to hold and understand the theory of workforce Diversity, its benefits and challenges. As such, this study examined the effect impact of workforce diversity management towards organizational performance which focuses into the food and beverage industry within the larger manufacturing sector. The research also emphases on workforce diversity management which contains the employee communication(EC) as a mechanism in reducing conflicts and talent availability(TA) which are the utmost critical variables amongst the others. The study employed primary data mainly for revalidation of results and inferential information from secondary sources. Primary data was harnessed from the views of managers and employees of the foods and beverage industries through questionnaire. The study adopted cross sectional research design and considered 3 multinational corporations in the food and beverage sector in Nigeria based on random sampling technique. The sample size constituted the lower, middle and senior level staff of the multinational Corporations at their headquarters and plants to achieve the  objectives of this study based on the two hypotheses that were formulated. Both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were employed. The statistical tools used included cross tabulations, Mean, Regression and Correlation analysis with the aid of SPSS computer packages. The results showed that employee communication (EC) have significant effect on organizational effectiveness (OE) (at P=0.000). It was discovered that talent availability (TA), has significant relationship on employee retention (ER)(at P= 0.002), the study reflected that Workforce diversity represents both a challenge and an opportunity for business and corporate entity. Hence, no organization in this dispensation of Globalization can survive without workforce Diversity. The study recommends that; organization ought to accord due priority for optimum utilization of strength of workforce diversity and institute measures to enhance commitment among the employees for improvement of organizational performance. Organizations should make workforce diversity management a core business value because diverse work teams bring high value to organizations and respecting individual differences will benefit the workforce by creating a competitive edge and increasing work productivity.
无论目标是成为雇主的选择,提供卓越的客户服务,还是保持竞争优势,劳动力多样性管理正逐渐被使用并成为可接受的重要组织资源。它也被证实对组织绩效至关重要,特别是在尼日利亚的食品和饮料行业。这种终极信念迫使管理者持有和理解劳动力多样性理论,它的好处和挑战。因此,本研究考察了劳动力多样性管理对组织绩效的影响,重点是大型制造业中的食品和饮料行业。研究还强调了劳动力多样性管理,其中包括员工沟通(EC)作为减少冲突和人才可用性(TA)的机制,这是其他因素中最关键的变量。本研究主要使用原始数据来重新验证结果和二手资料的推断信息。主要数据是通过问卷调查从食品和饮料行业的管理者和员工的观点利用。本研究采用横断面研究设计,采用随机抽样技术,选取尼日利亚3家跨国食品饮料公司为研究对象。样本量包括跨国公司总部和工厂的低、中、高级工作人员,以实现本研究基于所制定的两个假设的目标。采用了描述性和推断性统计技术。使用的统计工具包括交叉表、均值、回归和相关分析,并借助于SPSS计算机软件包。结果显示,员工沟通(EC)对组织效能(OE)有显著影响(P=0.000)。研究发现,人才可获得性(TA)与员工保留率(ER)之间存在显著关系(P= 0.002),这反映了劳动力多样性对企业和企业实体来说既是挑战也是机遇。因此,在这个全球化时代,没有任何组织能够在没有劳动力多样性的情况下生存。该研究建议;组织应优先考虑如何最大限度地利用员工多样性的优势,并采取措施增强员工的承诺,以提高组织绩效。组织应该将劳动力多样性管理作为核心业务价值,因为多元化的工作团队给组织带来高价值,尊重个体差异将通过创造竞争优势和提高工作效率使劳动力受益。
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引用次数: 0
Scope of E-Healthcare Services in Uttar Pradesh with Special Reference to Varanasi 北方邦电子医疗服务的范围,特别参考瓦拉纳西
Pub Date : 2018-04-20 DOI: 10.19085/JOURNAL.SIJMD050201
Shivesh
Innovation in the field of Healthcare will create new landmarks in this field. The Health related information in any country is confidential and is available in large amount. Effective Management of Health Data is important. E-Health exists in various forms. Mostly, the People living in Urban Areas having each sort of facility like Mobile Phone and good Internet Connectivity but then also they do not know about the free services provided by the Hospitals. There is less awareness about E-Health services in India.  In  this  paper  we  had discussed  about  the  E-Health  Initiatives  in  Uttar  Pradesh,  the  E-Health Models, its Architecture and its scope in urban areas of Varanasi, in detail and how it is essential for the atomisation of Health Management System (H.M.S.). There are different forms of E-Health discussed in this paper like Automated Physician Order Entry, E- Prescribing, Decision Support System, M-Health and Health Informatics.
医疗保健领域的创新将在该领域创造新的里程碑。在任何国家,与卫生有关的信息都是保密的,而且数量很大。健康数据的有效管理非常重要。电子保健以各种形式存在。大多数情况下,生活在城市地区的人们拥有手机和良好的互联网连接等各种设施,但他们也不知道医院提供的免费服务。在印度,人们对电子医疗服务的认识较少。在本文中,我们详细讨论了北方邦的电子健康计划,电子健康模式,其架构及其在瓦拉纳西城市地区的范围,以及它对健康管理系统(H.M.S.)雾化的必要性。本文讨论了不同形式的电子健康,如自动医嘱输入、电子处方、决策支持系统、移动健康和健康信息学。
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引用次数: 0
Globalization minus One: The Emerging Contours of a New Global Economic Order 《全球化减一:全球经济新秩序的新轮廓》
Pub Date : 2018-04-15 DOI: 10.19085/JOURNAL.SIJMD041201
M.S.S. El-Namaki
Disruption induces disequilibrium. Today’s global economy is the case in point. Powerful sources of disruption are undermining classic premises of global economic equilibrium and, in the process, changing the contours of the World economy. Long cherished globalization premises of free market,   open economy,   small government, private initiative and deregulation are being challenged. Sources of this challenge are numerous but the most striking is the recent rapid and abrupt USA reclusive and isolationist measures.  The United States, the key global economic player, is assuming a protective posture by introducing tariff barriers, annulling international trade agreements, promoting self-serving job creation slogans and hastily recalling industries and services.  And all this is uttering threats of crude retaliation.  National interest seems to have taken precedence over cross country gains. And others seem to be working on a new framework:  globalization minus one. A globalization that is based on new premises and involves the majority of global economic players but one:  the United States. This will be the focus of the following article.
破坏导致不平衡。今天的全球经济就是一个很好的例子。强大的破坏源正在破坏全球经济平衡的经典前提,并在此过程中改变世界经济的轮廓。长期珍视的自由市场、开放经济、小政府、私人主动性和放松管制等全球化前提正在受到挑战。这一挑战的来源有很多,但最引人注目的是美国最近迅速而突然的闭关锁国和孤立主义措施。作为全球经济的主要参与者,美国正在采取一种保护姿态,包括设置关税壁垒、废除国际贸易协定、宣扬创造就业机会的利己主义口号,以及匆忙召回工业和服务业。所有这些都在发出野蛮报复的威胁。国家利益似乎优先于跨国利益。其他人似乎正在研究一个新的框架:全球化减一。一种基于新前提的全球化,涉及全球大多数经济参与者,但只有一个:美国。这将是下一篇文章的重点。
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引用次数: 0
Capital Market Development and Economic Growth in Nigeria 尼日利亚资本市场发展与经济增长
Pub Date : 2018-03-28 DOI: 10.19085/JOURNAL.SIJMD041001
A. Ajibola
The paper examined the effect of a well developed capital market on economic growth in Nigeria. We developed a model that is able to investigate how capital market development affects business cycle volatilities, and in the long run economic growth through the use of multi-variable regression analysis. Unit root test was conducted and all our estimating variables were stationary at first difference except the Christiano-Fitzgerald filter which shows that our model interpretation would not be spurious and a true representation of the relationships that exists between the explained and explanatory variables. Error Correction Model was introduced in our estimation in order to have a parsimonious model. Insignificant variables such as Net Export were removed from our model. This can be understood from the reasoning that Nigeria remains a mono-cultural economy (oil dependent) and is seen by the export shocks being negative and significant from our earlier regression result. From our result, all our variables (market capitalization, gross fixed capital, and structural activity) all have a positive but fairly insignificant impact on economic growth. The volatility measure on the other hand had a negative but highly significant impact on economic growth which supports the endogenous growth model that developing countries (Nigeria inclusive) are highly susceptible to macroeconomic shocks such as money supply shocks, export supply shocks, productivity shocks, etc). In addition, Engle-Granger co integration test was done and showed the existence of a long run relationship between capital market development and economic growth in Nigeria. We recommend adopting a policy framework that address the weak linkages between net export and the rest of the Nigerian economy by diversification, creating conducive environment that allows domestic investors to invest in the capital market and removing all impediments to local businesses. Finally, government securities should be channelled to more productive sectors to complement those in the private sector.
本文考察了发达的资本市场对尼日利亚经济增长的影响。我们开发了一个模型,能够通过使用多变量回归分析来研究资本市场发展如何影响商业周期波动,以及长期经济增长。进行了单位根检验,除了Christiano-Fitzgerald过滤器外,我们所有的估计变量在第一次差异时都是平稳的,这表明我们的模型解释不会是虚假的,并且是被解释变量和被解释变量之间存在的关系的真实表示。在估计中引入了误差修正模型,使模型更为简洁。像净出口这样无关紧要的变量从我们的模型中删除。这可以从尼日利亚仍然是单一文化经济(石油依赖)的推理中理解,并且从我们早期的回归结果中可以看出出口冲击是负的和显著的。从我们的结果来看,我们所有的变量(市场资本总额、固定资本总额和结构性活动)都对经济增长有积极但相当不显著的影响。另一方面,波动性指标对经济增长产生了负面但非常显著的影响,这支持了内生增长模型,即发展中国家(包括尼日利亚)极易受到宏观经济冲击,如货币供应冲击、出口供应冲击、生产率冲击等)。此外,通过恩格尔-格兰杰协整检验表明,尼日利亚资本市场发展与经济增长之间存在长期关系。我们建议采取一个政策框架,通过多样化解决净出口与尼日利亚经济其他部分之间的薄弱联系,创造有利于国内投资者投资资本市场的环境,并消除对当地企业的所有障碍。最后,政府证券应该被引导到生产率更高的部门,以补充私营部门的证券。
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引用次数: 11
Commercial Policy’s Trade Facilitation Effects on Cost of Operations as Determinants of Multinational Corporations Employability 商业政策对经营成本的贸易便利化效应:跨国公司就业能力的决定因素
Pub Date : 2018-03-28 DOI: 10.19085/JOURNAL.SIJMD041101
A. O. Amos, I. Abdulraheem, Brimah Aminu Nassir
This study examined commercial policy’s trade facilitation effects on employability of multinational corporations in Nigeria considering whether trade facilitation(TF), has a significant effect on the multinational Corporations employability expressed in cost of operation (COP). The study adopted cross sectional research design and considered 5 multinational corporations in the food and beverage and conglomerate sub-sector in Nigeria based on random sampling technique by employing primary data. The sample size constituted the lower, middle and senior level staff of the multinational Corporations at their headquarters and plants to achieve the objectives of this study based on the hypothesis that was formulated. Both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were employed. The statistical tools used included cross tabulations, Mean, Regression and Correlation analysis with the aid of SPSS computer packages. The results showed that trade facilitation (TF) have significant effect on cost of operation (at P=0.000). In conclusion, the study reflected that each of the performance indicators under consideration related with commercial policy and employability implies the need for compliance by multinational corporations to be ensured as governmental follow up in areas of trade facilitation is pertinent to employment creation. The study recommends that; government is encouraged to continue to play her regulatory, facilitating and participatory roles to foster an enabling operating environment as it will contribute towards firm competitiveness in the domestic and global marketplace.
本研究考察了商业政策的贸易便利化对尼日利亚跨国公司就业能力的影响,考虑了贸易便利化(TF)是否对以经营成本(COP)表示的跨国公司就业能力有显著影响。本研究采用横断面研究设计,采用随机抽样技术,采用原始数据,选取尼日利亚5家跨国公司的食品饮料和集团子行业。样本量包括跨国公司总部和工厂的低、中、高级工作人员,以便根据所制定的假设实现本研究的目标。采用了描述性和推断性统计技术。使用的统计工具包括交叉表、均值、回归和相关分析,并借助于SPSS计算机软件包。结果表明,贸易便利化对运营成本有显著影响(P=0.000)。最后,研究报告反映,正在审议的与商业政策和就业能力有关的每一项业绩指标都意味着需要确保跨国公司遵守,因为政府在贸易便利化领域的后续行动与创造就业有关。该研究建议;我们鼓励政府继续发挥规管、促进和参与的作用,以营造有利的运作环境,因为这将有助于在国内和全球市场上建立稳固的竞争力。
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引用次数: 0
Public Concession Models and Project Efficiency: Do Private Firms Hidden Interest Count? 公共特许模式与项目效率:私营企业的隐性利益算吗?
Pub Date : 2018-03-28 DOI: 10.19085/JOURNAL.SIJMD040901
Paul I. Ojeaga
The study provides some facts on the Private Finance Initiative in Nigeria. Public Concession is becoming quite popular in Nigeria with Lagos State of Nigeria trying to implement the model in its infrastructural delivery process. However the model continues to meet with stiff resistances instances of clashes of interest between the principal and agents which are known to run in counter directions. Cost Implicative factors, lack of transparency and other budget constraints affect the delivery process all of these are all briefly addressed in this study.. Despite this it was found that PPP continues to drive increases in the efficiency of project delivery in Nigeria, suggesting that the process should be encouraged and sustained.
该研究提供了尼日利亚私人融资倡议的一些事实。公共特许经营在尼日利亚越来越受欢迎,尼日利亚拉各斯州试图在其基础设施交付过程中实施这种模式。然而,该模型继续遇到强烈的阻力,例如委托人和代理人之间的利益冲突,这些冲突已知是背道而驰的。成本影响因素,缺乏透明度和其他预算限制影响交付过程,所有这些都在本研究中简要解决。尽管如此,我们发现PPP继续推动尼日利亚项目交付效率的提高,这表明应该鼓励和维持这一进程。
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引用次数: 0
Relations and Emotions beyond the Boundaries in the Post Crisis Era – An Analysis of the Impact of Selected Variables on the Indian Stock Market 后危机时代超越边界的关系与情绪——若干变量对印度股市的影响分析
Pub Date : 2018-02-28 DOI: 10.19085/journal.sijmd040801
Pooja Yadav, Nitin Huria
From a decade or so Indian continent has become the centre of attraction in the global economies. This changed outlook is due to the fact that India embraces vast availability of resources and opportunities which makes it the most vibrant global economy in the current scenario of worldwide sluggishness. On this path of growth and prosperity India is showing stiff commitments and competitive edges with developed as well as emerging countries. To be more specific, during this voyage in the Asia pacific region recently on one side India has seen stronger bonding with some of its old mates like Japan but on the other part it has faced strain like situation from its stronger competitor contender china on the same time. Hence, in this context the main aim of this paper is to examine the long run and short run equilibrium impacts of Japan and Chinese stock index as well as macroeconomic variables impact on Indian stock market. This paper finds the presence of both long and short run equilibrium impacts from China and Japan to India. In case of Japanese financial market (Nikki 225) has a trivial negative but significant long run impact whereas, the Chinese stock index (SSE composite) is operating at the short run with the same mild negative but significant impact on the Indian stock market. The results of the impact of macroeconomic variables find the existence of long run as well as short run equilibrium from some of the selected variables on Indian stock market.
十多年来,印度大陆已成为全球经济的吸引力中心。这种前景的改变是由于印度拥有大量的资源和机会,这使得它在当前世界经济低迷的情况下成为最具活力的全球经济体。在这条增长和繁荣的道路上,印度正表现出坚定的承诺,并在与发达国家和新兴国家的竞争中占据优势。更具体地说,在最近的亚太航行中,一方面,印度与日本等一些老伙伴建立了更紧密的联系,但另一方面,它同时也面临着来自更强大的竞争对手中国的紧张局势。因此,在此背景下,本文的主要目的是研究日本和中国股指的长期和短期均衡影响,以及宏观经济变量对印度股市的影响。本文发现中国和日本对印度的长期和短期均衡影响都存在。在日本金融市场(尼基225)有轻微的负面但显著的长期影响的情况下,而中国股票指数(上证综指)在短期内运行,对印度股市有同样轻微的负面但显著的影响。宏观经济变量影响的结果发现,从所选的一些变量来看,印度股市既存在长期均衡,也存在短期均衡。
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引用次数: 0
Health & Nutrition in Primary Schools of Hajin Town of District Bandipora in J & K (A Study) J & K Bandipora区Hajin镇小学健康与营养状况研究
Pub Date : 2018-02-09 DOI: 10.19085/journal.sijmd040701
T. Guroo
The present research paper is concerned with the health & nutrition in primary school, and throws light on some aspect related with the primary school going students and their health and nutrition’s. The main purpose of this working is to describe the major issues of Health & Nutrition in primary schools and to identify some important challenges for Health & Nutrition in primary institutions in Hajin town of district Bandipora of J & K. The findings of this study show that Health & Nutrition in primary schools of Hajin town continue to remain overwhelmed by ample problems, which affect their performance in the efficient discharge of their growth and qualities which is inimical to their academic achievements. The increased problem of ailments/infections among school children due to poor personal hygiene practices and malnutrition conditions remains a concern on the public health agenda in Kashmir. Health is a key factor in school entry. School is the place where health education regarding important aspects of hygiene, environment and nutrition, as well as social customs, is being instructed. The teacher is the guardian as well as Spiritual parent of the child in school and plays a crucial role in the whole process of primordial prevention.  Poor knowledge and practice of and attitudes towards personal hygiene and nutrition plays a major roles in the high occurrence of stagnation on development and growth, therefore has negative consequences for a child’s long term overall development School Achievements as well.
本研究以小学生的健康与营养为研究对象,对小学生的健康与营养问题有一定的了解。这项工作的主要目的是描述小学卫生与营养方面的主要问题,并确定J & K. Bandipora区哈金镇小学卫生与营养方面的一些重要挑战。这项研究的结果表明,哈金镇小学卫生与营养方面仍然存在大量问题。影响了学生的成长和素质的有效发挥,不利于学生的学业成绩。由于不良的个人卫生习惯和营养不良,学龄儿童的疾病/感染问题日益严重,这仍然是克什米尔公共卫生议程上令人关切的问题。健康是入学的关键因素。学校是就卫生、环境和营养以及社会习俗等重要方面进行卫生教育的场所。教师是儿童在学校的监护人和精神父母,在整个原始预防过程中起着至关重要的作用。缺乏对个人卫生和营养的知识、实践和态度在发展和生长停滞的高发生率中起着重要作用,因此对儿童的长期全面发展也有负面影响。
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引用次数: 0
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Scholedge International Journal of Management & Development
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