Pub Date : 2024-05-24DOI: 10.1177/09579265241254238
Hendrik Wagenaar
{"title":"Book Review: Michael Farrelly, Discourse and Democracy. Critical Analysis of the Language of Government","authors":"Hendrik Wagenaar","doi":"10.1177/09579265241254238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09579265241254238","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":432402,"journal":{"name":"Discourse & Society","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141100320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-21DOI: 10.1177/09579265241251479
Petre Breazu, Napoleon Katson
The rapid emergence of generative AI models in the media sector demands a critical examination of the narratives these models produce, particularly in relation to sensitive topics, such as politics, racism, immigration, public health, gender and violence, among others. The ease with which generative AI can produce narratives on sensitive topics raises concerns about potential harms, such as amplifying biases or spreading misinformation. Our study juxtaposes the content generated by a state-of-the-art generative AI, specifically ChatGPT-4, with actual articles from leading UK media outlets on the topic of immigration. Our specific case study focusses on the representation of Eastern European Roma migrants in the context of the 2016 UK Referendum on EU membership. Through a comparative critical discourse analysis, we uncover patterns of representation, inherent biases and potential discrepancies in representation between AI-generated narratives and mainstream media discourse with different political views. Preliminary findings suggest that ChatGPT-4 exhibits a remarkable degree of objectivity in its reporting and demonstrates heightened racial awareness in the content it produces. Moreover, it appears to consistently prioritise factual accuracy over sensationalism. All these features set it apart from right-wing media articles in our sample. This is further evidenced by the fact that, in most instances, ChatGPT-4 refrains from generating text or does so only after considerable adjustments when prompted with headlines that the model deems inflammatory. While these features can be attributed to the model’s diverse training data and model architecture, the findings invite further examination to determine the full scope of ChatGPT-4’s capabilities and its potential shortcomings in representing the full spectrum of social and political perspectives prevalent in society.
{"title":"ChatGPT-4 as a journalist: Whose perspectives is it reproducing?","authors":"Petre Breazu, Napoleon Katson","doi":"10.1177/09579265241251479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09579265241251479","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid emergence of generative AI models in the media sector demands a critical examination of the narratives these models produce, particularly in relation to sensitive topics, such as politics, racism, immigration, public health, gender and violence, among others. The ease with which generative AI can produce narratives on sensitive topics raises concerns about potential harms, such as amplifying biases or spreading misinformation. Our study juxtaposes the content generated by a state-of-the-art generative AI, specifically ChatGPT-4, with actual articles from leading UK media outlets on the topic of immigration. Our specific case study focusses on the representation of Eastern European Roma migrants in the context of the 2016 UK Referendum on EU membership. Through a comparative critical discourse analysis, we uncover patterns of representation, inherent biases and potential discrepancies in representation between AI-generated narratives and mainstream media discourse with different political views. Preliminary findings suggest that ChatGPT-4 exhibits a remarkable degree of objectivity in its reporting and demonstrates heightened racial awareness in the content it produces. Moreover, it appears to consistently prioritise factual accuracy over sensationalism. All these features set it apart from right-wing media articles in our sample. This is further evidenced by the fact that, in most instances, ChatGPT-4 refrains from generating text or does so only after considerable adjustments when prompted with headlines that the model deems inflammatory. While these features can be attributed to the model’s diverse training data and model architecture, the findings invite further examination to determine the full scope of ChatGPT-4’s capabilities and its potential shortcomings in representing the full spectrum of social and political perspectives prevalent in society.","PeriodicalId":432402,"journal":{"name":"Discourse & Society","volume":"127 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141115608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-18DOI: 10.1177/09579265241251480
Awni Etaywe
This article explores the under-researched area of discursive tactics employed in terrorist threat texts that exploit moral values to constantly justify violence, fostering a ‘discourse of justification’, disaffiliation and conflict. Employing a discursive pragmatic analysis, it delves into the tactics of violent extremists associated with jihadism and far-right ideologies. Utilising the Appraisal framework and the ‘moral disaffiliation’ strategy, the study uncovers verbal practices shaping a dynamic of justification. Findings reveal threateners’ involvement in regulatory discursive functions – manipulation, deontic-retaliation, and boulomaic effect – and practices of ideologically positioning functions – discrediting, blaming, denying and (de)legitimating. The analysis highlights the construction of negative victim individuals and societies while praising the threatener/in-group, anchored predominantly in values of propriety, capacity, valuation and veracity, as the primary dynamic of threatener-victim disalignment. This study contributes insights into threatener profiling, motivations of violence and future research on threat-genre rhetorical structure analysis.
{"title":"Discursive pragmatics of justification in terrorist threat texts: Victim-blaming, denying, discrediting, legitimating, manipulating, and retaliation","authors":"Awni Etaywe","doi":"10.1177/09579265241251480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09579265241251480","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the under-researched area of discursive tactics employed in terrorist threat texts that exploit moral values to constantly justify violence, fostering a ‘discourse of justification’, disaffiliation and conflict. Employing a discursive pragmatic analysis, it delves into the tactics of violent extremists associated with jihadism and far-right ideologies. Utilising the Appraisal framework and the ‘moral disaffiliation’ strategy, the study uncovers verbal practices shaping a dynamic of justification. Findings reveal threateners’ involvement in regulatory discursive functions – manipulation, deontic-retaliation, and boulomaic effect – and practices of ideologically positioning functions – discrediting, blaming, denying and (de)legitimating. The analysis highlights the construction of negative victim individuals and societies while praising the threatener/in-group, anchored predominantly in values of propriety, capacity, valuation and veracity, as the primary dynamic of threatener-victim disalignment. This study contributes insights into threatener profiling, motivations of violence and future research on threat-genre rhetorical structure analysis.","PeriodicalId":432402,"journal":{"name":"Discourse & Society","volume":"108 50","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141125821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-17DOI: 10.1177/09579265241252998
O. Adebomi
This paper examines political protest in 40 purposively sampled internet memes circulated among Nigerian Facebook and WhatsApp users during the socio-political crises that engulfed the country ahead of the 2023 general elections. It explores the thematic preoccupation as well as the representation of participants and processes in the memes. Data were subjected to qualitative anaysis, and examined from the perspectives of multimodal and critical discourse analysis. The analysis reveals that the memes are used to protest cash crunch, fuel scarcity, socio-political unease and other government’s anti-people policies with their attendant effects. The memes are circulated to instantiate a negative representation of the Nigerian government and resist perceived anti-people ideology of the government.
{"title":"‘The land of your fathers lieth in ruins’: A multimodal critical discourse analysis of Nigeria’s 2023 pre- election crises-related internet memes","authors":"O. Adebomi","doi":"10.1177/09579265241252998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09579265241252998","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines political protest in 40 purposively sampled internet memes circulated among Nigerian Facebook and WhatsApp users during the socio-political crises that engulfed the country ahead of the 2023 general elections. It explores the thematic preoccupation as well as the representation of participants and processes in the memes. Data were subjected to qualitative anaysis, and examined from the perspectives of multimodal and critical discourse analysis. The analysis reveals that the memes are used to protest cash crunch, fuel scarcity, socio-political unease and other government’s anti-people policies with their attendant effects. The memes are circulated to instantiate a negative representation of the Nigerian government and resist perceived anti-people ideology of the government.","PeriodicalId":432402,"journal":{"name":"Discourse & Society","volume":"2 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140963043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-17DOI: 10.1177/09579265241252995
Danni Yu, Carla Vergaro
This study aims to provide a socio-cognitive approach to understand how the identity associated with a social category is constructed through regular positioning acts in conventionalized genres. Using genre-based positioning analysis, we analyzed a corpus of 30 Italian rectors’ inaugural speeches and identified six rhetorical moves regularly used in the genre, which revealed three underlying positionings – representative of the university, value disseminator, and advocate – associated with the social role of university rectors in the Italian higher education context. Drawing on the Entrenchment and Conventionalization Model (hereafter ECModel), we analyzed how these positionings are conventionalized through shared conformity profiles of the genre in the onomasiological, semasiological, syntagmatic, and contextual dimensions. This study implies that genres can be important mediums through which the cognitive entrenchment and social conventionalization of positionings contribute to constructing our regular selves to be performed in the social domain.
{"title":"Regular selves constructed through genres: A socio-cognitive approach to the study of positioning acts in Italian rectors’ inaugural speeches","authors":"Danni Yu, Carla Vergaro","doi":"10.1177/09579265241252995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09579265241252995","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to provide a socio-cognitive approach to understand how the identity associated with a social category is constructed through regular positioning acts in conventionalized genres. Using genre-based positioning analysis, we analyzed a corpus of 30 Italian rectors’ inaugural speeches and identified six rhetorical moves regularly used in the genre, which revealed three underlying positionings – representative of the university, value disseminator, and advocate – associated with the social role of university rectors in the Italian higher education context. Drawing on the Entrenchment and Conventionalization Model (hereafter ECModel), we analyzed how these positionings are conventionalized through shared conformity profiles of the genre in the onomasiological, semasiological, syntagmatic, and contextual dimensions. This study implies that genres can be important mediums through which the cognitive entrenchment and social conventionalization of positionings contribute to constructing our regular selves to be performed in the social domain.","PeriodicalId":432402,"journal":{"name":"Discourse & Society","volume":"5 39","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140963567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-10DOI: 10.1177/09579265241249587
Silvia Cacchiani
{"title":"Book review: Anesa P and Engberg J (eds.), The Digital (R)Evolution of Legal Discourse. New Genres, Media, and Linguistic Practices","authors":"Silvia Cacchiani","doi":"10.1177/09579265241249587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09579265241249587","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":432402,"journal":{"name":"Discourse & Society","volume":" 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140992558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-15DOI: 10.1177/09579265241245130
Hugo Corten
The paper conducts a comparative analysis of EU (91 texts) and US (93 texts) discourses concerning post-peace accord Colombia (late 2016 to mid-2022). Employing a Bourdieu-influenced methodology, our proposal aims to reconcile Post-Development theories with International Relations research. This innovative and multidimensional approach illuminates both discursive continuities within Global North while concurrently providing a framework that allows to identify and interpret internal political divergences. Our findings highlight a shared commitment to a liberal conception of peacebuilding, alongside internal distinction strategies employed to legitimize respective policies towards Colombia.
{"title":"Distinction within the ‘global north’? A Bourdieusian approach for analysing development discourse: The case of U.S. and E.U. relations with the Colombian state (2016–2022): A comparative analysis","authors":"Hugo Corten","doi":"10.1177/09579265241245130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09579265241245130","url":null,"abstract":"The paper conducts a comparative analysis of EU (91 texts) and US (93 texts) discourses concerning post-peace accord Colombia (late 2016 to mid-2022). Employing a Bourdieu-influenced methodology, our proposal aims to reconcile Post-Development theories with International Relations research. This innovative and multidimensional approach illuminates both discursive continuities within Global North while concurrently providing a framework that allows to identify and interpret internal political divergences. Our findings highlight a shared commitment to a liberal conception of peacebuilding, alongside internal distinction strategies employed to legitimize respective policies towards Colombia.","PeriodicalId":432402,"journal":{"name":"Discourse & Society","volume":"9 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140698872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-03DOI: 10.1177/09579265241241811
Zhengrui Han, Vijay K. Bhatia, Xue Fu
Legal genres are situation-sensitive and one same genre may take different structural and functional patterns according to the historical context within which it is situated. Judicial opinions of ancient China, for example, look like a totally different genre in contrast with the language of modern Chinese judicial documents. It is not uncommon that county magistrates’ (ancient Chinese judges) writing considerably downplays the task of reasoning and argumentation and becomes fully devoted to the provision of emotional narratives regarding defendants’ wrong-doings and to the meta-communication of imperial ideological values to grassroots. This paper looks into why ideology is a key concern of ancient Chinese judicial writing, what concrete ideological values are actually invoked and how they are interactively disseminated. The analytical framework combines the notion of contextualization (Gumperz, 1982), interactive framing (Tannen, 1993), and footing (Goffman, 1981). Through a nuanced interpretation of the relatedness of imperial ideological values and judicial language structures, the authors attempt to reveal how ancient judicial opinions are built as speech activities of performing identities and activities of presenting ideological stances and beliefs.
{"title":"Ideology and the contextualization of ancient Chinese judicial opinions","authors":"Zhengrui Han, Vijay K. Bhatia, Xue Fu","doi":"10.1177/09579265241241811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09579265241241811","url":null,"abstract":"Legal genres are situation-sensitive and one same genre may take different structural and functional patterns according to the historical context within which it is situated. Judicial opinions of ancient China, for example, look like a totally different genre in contrast with the language of modern Chinese judicial documents. It is not uncommon that county magistrates’ (ancient Chinese judges) writing considerably downplays the task of reasoning and argumentation and becomes fully devoted to the provision of emotional narratives regarding defendants’ wrong-doings and to the meta-communication of imperial ideological values to grassroots. This paper looks into why ideology is a key concern of ancient Chinese judicial writing, what concrete ideological values are actually invoked and how they are interactively disseminated. The analytical framework combines the notion of contextualization (Gumperz, 1982), interactive framing (Tannen, 1993), and footing (Goffman, 1981). Through a nuanced interpretation of the relatedness of imperial ideological values and judicial language structures, the authors attempt to reveal how ancient judicial opinions are built as speech activities of performing identities and activities of presenting ideological stances and beliefs.","PeriodicalId":432402,"journal":{"name":"Discourse & Society","volume":"120 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140748344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-30DOI: 10.1177/09579265241241074
Kateryna Pilyarchuk
This article analyzes the conceptual framing of inclusion and exclusion in fashion discourse, discussing how women are denied or restricted the access to the bounded space of fashion based on a part of their identity, be it their race, religion, disability, gender identification, body weight, or social class. It relies on the data corpus is 1061 Vogue articles, collected between July 2019 and June 2020 and analyzed qualitatively. The current study complements ample research on the container metaphor in political discourse and aims to open a debate on the role of this metaphorical model in a so far largely overlooked discourse of fashion. Drawing on the Conceptual Metaphor Theory and Critical Discursive Psychology, I demonstrate how the container metaphor pinpoints the repertoire of inclusivity, problematizes the dichotomous relationship between the center and periphery of the fashion industry, and normalizes roles of insiders and outsiders in fashion.
{"title":"In/exclusion in fashion discourse: Are we in or out?","authors":"Kateryna Pilyarchuk","doi":"10.1177/09579265241241074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09579265241241074","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyzes the conceptual framing of inclusion and exclusion in fashion discourse, discussing how women are denied or restricted the access to the bounded space of fashion based on a part of their identity, be it their race, religion, disability, gender identification, body weight, or social class. It relies on the data corpus is 1061 Vogue articles, collected between July 2019 and June 2020 and analyzed qualitatively. The current study complements ample research on the container metaphor in political discourse and aims to open a debate on the role of this metaphorical model in a so far largely overlooked discourse of fashion. Drawing on the Conceptual Metaphor Theory and Critical Discursive Psychology, I demonstrate how the container metaphor pinpoints the repertoire of inclusivity, problematizes the dichotomous relationship between the center and periphery of the fashion industry, and normalizes roles of insiders and outsiders in fashion.","PeriodicalId":432402,"journal":{"name":"Discourse & Society","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140362973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-27DOI: 10.1177/09579265241235219
Valériane Mistiaen
This article focuses on denominations that are used to name people on the move in Belgian media discourse, but that are not specifically related to migration. It specifically studies the nominal syntagms formed with the noun people ( people on the run, people in need) and words of kinship ( mother, brother). A Discursive Semantics analysis implemented through Corpus Linguistics is run on a corpus of Belgian news items issued from March 2015 to July 2017. The corpus gathers 13,391 newspaper articles and 3490 TV news items (representing 7,637,986 words). The mention of words of kinship and designations formed with people shows that there is a willingness to humanise media discourses on migration. However, although their mention encourages a humanitarian vision of people on the move, these usually positively connotated designations also foster a vision of people on the move as victims and does not discourage the mention of controversial denominations.
本文的重点是比利时媒体话语中用于命名流动人口的名称，但这些名称与移民并无具体关联。文章特别研究了与名词 "人"（people）（people on the run、people in need）和亲属关系词（mother、brother）组成的名词性句法。通过语料库语言学，对2015年3月至2017年7月期间发布的比利时新闻条目语料库进行了话语语义学分析。该语料库收集了 13,391 篇报纸文章和 3490 条电视新闻（代表 7,637,986 个单词）。对亲属关系和与人结成的称谓的提及表明，人们愿意将有关移民的媒体论述人性化。然而，尽管这些词语的提及鼓励了对迁徙者的人道主义观念，但这些通常具有积极意义的称谓也助长了将迁徙者视为受害者的观念，并没有阻止提及有争议的称谓。
{"title":"What if migrants were only people and relatives? Designations used to name people on the move in the Belgian media","authors":"Valériane Mistiaen","doi":"10.1177/09579265241235219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09579265241235219","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on denominations that are used to name people on the move in Belgian media discourse, but that are not specifically related to migration. It specifically studies the nominal syntagms formed with the noun people ( people on the run, people in need) and words of kinship ( mother, brother). A Discursive Semantics analysis implemented through Corpus Linguistics is run on a corpus of Belgian news items issued from March 2015 to July 2017. The corpus gathers 13,391 newspaper articles and 3490 TV news items (representing 7,637,986 words). The mention of words of kinship and designations formed with people shows that there is a willingness to humanise media discourses on migration. However, although their mention encourages a humanitarian vision of people on the move, these usually positively connotated designations also foster a vision of people on the move as victims and does not discourage the mention of controversial denominations.","PeriodicalId":432402,"journal":{"name":"Discourse & Society","volume":"55 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140376542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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