Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.18335/region.v10i3.477
K. S. Sass, Tomás Lopes Cavalheiro Ponce Dentinho
The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) is one of the most relevant efforts aiming at the promotion of sustainable development around the world. Many indicators serve as a guide to evaluate the actual level of development and to identify the issues that need more attention. What is not clear yet is the association between the goals and their indicators. This can limit the information on effective political tools to reduce inequalities at the national and local levels. Based on that, the paper aims to explore the connections between SDGs. Its approach involves i) the proposal of a conceptual integrated model of sustainable development rooted in the literature and connectable with the SDGs; ii) based on World Bank (2019) data on sustainable indicators over two decades, the test of a two-stage econometric model, one to explain product per capita and a second one to explain lack of happiness, assessed by the suicide rate. From the results, it is possible to identify the factors that influence the level of wealth and happiness while integrating Sustainable Development Goals.
{"title":"Relating Sustainable Development Goals in a Conceptual Integrated Model of Growth and Welfare","authors":"K. S. Sass, Tomás Lopes Cavalheiro Ponce Dentinho","doi":"10.18335/region.v10i3.477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18335/region.v10i3.477","url":null,"abstract":"The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) is one of the most relevant efforts aiming at the promotion of sustainable development around the world. Many indicators serve as a guide to evaluate the actual level of development and to identify the issues that need more attention. What is not clear yet is the association between the goals and their indicators. This can limit the information on effective political tools to reduce inequalities at the national and local levels. Based on that, the paper aims to explore the connections between SDGs. Its approach involves i) the proposal of a conceptual integrated model of sustainable development rooted in the literature and connectable with the SDGs; ii) based on World Bank (2019) data on sustainable indicators over two decades, the test of a two-stage econometric model, one to explain product per capita and a second one to explain lack of happiness, assessed by the suicide rate. From the results, it is possible to identify the factors that influence the level of wealth and happiness while integrating Sustainable Development Goals.","PeriodicalId":43257,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Region","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90039128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-27DOI: 10.18335/region.v10i3.455
Yuval Arbel, Chaim Fialkoff, A. Kerner, M. Kerner
This study investigates the scope of morbidity and mortality from SARS-COV2 virus at a country-wide level based on three central risk factors: population density, median age, and per capita hospital beds. Given that the relative weight following a change in equal units of measurement has not been examined on a country-wide level, we use empirical models with standardized coefficients. Information for this study was obtained from the World Health Organization (WHO) data base, which encompasses 162 countries, and spans five continents from January 22, 2020, to January 21, 2022. Referring to projected COVID-19 infection and mortality rates, and following a one standard deviation increase, the influence of these independent variables may be ranked as follows: Infection -- 1) the median age of the country's population; 2) number of hospital beds per thousand persons; 3) population density. Mortality -- 1) the median age of the country's population; 2) population density; 3) number of hospital beds per thousand persons. Findings may be of assistance to public policy planners. Given the dominance of the age variable in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, on the one hand, the allocation of resources for future pandemics should grow in countries with older population profiles (European countries). On the other hand, the emphasis in countries with younger populations (African countries) should be on better medical infrastructure in sparser regions.
{"title":"COVID-19 Morbidity and Mortality Factors","authors":"Yuval Arbel, Chaim Fialkoff, A. Kerner, M. Kerner","doi":"10.18335/region.v10i3.455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18335/region.v10i3.455","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the scope of morbidity and mortality from SARS-COV2 virus at a country-wide level based on three central risk factors: population density, median age, and per capita hospital beds. Given that the relative weight following a change in equal units of measurement has not been examined on a country-wide level, we use empirical models with standardized coefficients. Information for this study was obtained from the World Health Organization (WHO) data base, which encompasses 162 countries, and spans five continents from January 22, 2020, to January 21, 2022. Referring to projected COVID-19 infection and mortality rates, and following a one standard deviation increase, the influence of these independent variables may be ranked as follows: Infection -- 1) the median age of the country's population; 2) number of hospital beds per thousand persons; 3) population density. Mortality -- 1) the median age of the country's population; 2) population density; 3) number of hospital beds per thousand persons. Findings may be of assistance to public policy planners. Given the dominance of the age variable in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, on the one hand, the allocation of resources for future pandemics should grow in countries with older population profiles (European countries). On the other hand, the emphasis in countries with younger populations (African countries) should be on better medical infrastructure in sparser regions.","PeriodicalId":43257,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Region","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76565470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-24DOI: 10.18335/region.v10i3.490
Gunnar Take
Among the German spatial economists August Lösch is arguably the one who has had the biggest lasting influence on international academic literature. After his death in May 1945, a legend was created according to which he was a fierce opponent to national socialism. This was part of the attempts of his former colleagues and of the German economics community at large to disguise the extent of their own involvement and their agency in advising economic and social policies of the Nazi regime. The political context of spatial planning during the Second World War was particularly damning as it in many cases presupposed genocides on nations such as Poles and Russians and on religious groups such as Jews. It was precisely with regards to Eastern Europe that Lösch’s theoretical contributions were deemed to be particularly valuable. However, the legend of his supposed opposition contained a grain of truth as he was indeed appalled by central aspects of Nazi ideology. Yet, the ability of a totalitarian regime such as the “Third Reich” to integrate the contributions of a brilliant mind and somebody who saw himself as an independent and unpolitical scholar into its decentralized and collaborative spatial research apparatus is what makes Lösch’s biography particularly interesting and relevant today.
{"title":"Spatial Economics and Totalitarian Temptations","authors":"Gunnar Take","doi":"10.18335/region.v10i3.490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18335/region.v10i3.490","url":null,"abstract":"Among the German spatial economists August Lösch is arguably the one who has had the biggest lasting influence on international academic literature. After his death in May 1945, a legend was created according to which he was a fierce opponent to national socialism. This was part of the attempts of his former colleagues and of the German economics community at large to disguise the extent of their own involvement and their agency in advising economic and social policies of the Nazi regime. The political context of spatial planning during the Second World War was particularly damning as it in many cases presupposed genocides on nations such as Poles and Russians and on religious groups such as Jews. It was precisely with regards to Eastern Europe that Lösch’s theoretical contributions were deemed to be particularly valuable. However, the legend of his supposed opposition contained a grain of truth as he was indeed appalled by central aspects of Nazi ideology. Yet, the ability of a totalitarian regime such as the “Third Reich” to integrate the contributions of a brilliant mind and somebody who saw himself as an independent and unpolitical scholar into its decentralized and collaborative spatial research apparatus is what makes Lösch’s biography particularly interesting and relevant today.","PeriodicalId":43257,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Region","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74616065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.18335/region.v10i3.417
Z. Shikur
This study aimed to examine the long and short-run relationships between credit market development and agricultural production using the Autoregressive Distributed Lags (ARDL) Bounds test for cointegration, as well as the direction of causality by using the Granger causality test. The results of the ARDL Bounds test revealed that institutional credit development had a significant long-run effect on agricultural production in all countries under examination, except for Tunisia; that is: Benin, Kenya, and Nigeria. In the short run, credit market development had a significant and positive effect on agricultural production in Nigeria. By contrast, the effect of credit market development on agricultural production was negative in the short-run in Benin, Kenya, and Tunisia. The result of granger causality test revealed the existence of significant bi-directional causal links between institutional credit development and agricultural production in Benin, Kenya and Nigeria, no significant interdependence was found between the two variables in Tunisia. Capital formation had a significant and positive effect on agricultural production in the long-run and short-run in all countries. Climate change was negatively associated with agricultural production in all countries except for Nigeria. The exchange rates and real interest rates had a negative effect on agricultural production in the long-run and short-run in all countries.
{"title":"Credit market development and agricultural production in selected African countries","authors":"Z. Shikur","doi":"10.18335/region.v10i3.417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18335/region.v10i3.417","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to examine the long and short-run relationships between credit market development and agricultural production using the Autoregressive Distributed Lags (ARDL) Bounds test for cointegration, as well as the direction of causality by using the Granger causality test. The results of the ARDL Bounds test revealed that institutional credit development had a significant long-run effect on agricultural production in all countries under examination, except for Tunisia; that is: Benin, Kenya, and Nigeria. In the short run, credit market development had a significant and positive effect on agricultural production in Nigeria. By contrast, the effect of credit market development on agricultural production was negative in the short-run in Benin, Kenya, and Tunisia. The result of granger causality test revealed the existence of significant bi-directional causal links between institutional credit development and agricultural production in Benin, Kenya and Nigeria, no significant interdependence was found between the two variables in Tunisia. Capital formation had a significant and positive effect on agricultural production in the long-run and short-run in all countries. Climate change was negatively associated with agricultural production in all countries except for Nigeria. The exchange rates and real interest rates had a negative effect on agricultural production in the long-run and short-run in all countries.","PeriodicalId":43257,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Region","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90692946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.18335/region.v10i1.422
Mutiu Adeniyi Afolabi, B. Akanbi, Onifade Emmanuel Olayinka
This study examines the relationship between financial development indicators and human development in Nigeria from 1990-2019. It investigates the effect of broad money supply/Gross Domestic Product (GDP) on Human development; it examines the impact of credit supply/GDP on human development and assesses the link between market capitalization and human development. The study employs expo-facto research design and Autoregressive Distributed Lag to examine the relationship between Financial Development and Human Development. Previous studies in Nigeria had focused on financial development and economic growth, financial deepening and economic growth. Therefore, this study is a response to the dearth of relevant empirical studies on financial development and human development in Nigeria. From the results, the long run net effect of broad money supply/GDP on human development is negligible and positive. M2/GDP in Nigeria only account for the extent of monetization rather than financial intermediation. The long run net effect of credit supply/GDP on human development is negligible and positive. The long-run effect of M2/GDP, CPS/GDP are statistically significant but has no power to substantially influence human development in Nigeria. The study suggests that banks should effectively perform their intermediation roles and effort should be made by the policy makers to widen/broaden the Nigeria capital market activity. Policy makers should concentrate on financial system and their roles for effective money supply and credit supply while implementing economic policies.
{"title":"Financial Development and Human Development in Nigeria","authors":"Mutiu Adeniyi Afolabi, B. Akanbi, Onifade Emmanuel Olayinka","doi":"10.18335/region.v10i1.422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18335/region.v10i1.422","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the relationship between financial development indicators and human development in Nigeria from 1990-2019. It investigates the effect of broad money supply/Gross Domestic Product (GDP) on Human development; it examines the impact of credit supply/GDP on human development and assesses the link between market capitalization and human development. The study employs expo-facto research design and Autoregressive Distributed Lag to examine the relationship between Financial Development and Human Development. Previous studies in Nigeria had focused on financial development and economic growth, financial deepening and economic growth. Therefore, this study is a response to the dearth of relevant empirical studies on financial development and human development in Nigeria. From the results, the long run net effect of broad money supply/GDP on human development is negligible and positive. M2/GDP in Nigeria only account for the extent of monetization rather than financial intermediation. The long run net effect of credit supply/GDP on human development is negligible and positive. The long-run effect of M2/GDP, CPS/GDP are statistically significant but has no power to substantially influence human development in Nigeria. The study suggests that banks should effectively perform their intermediation roles and effort should be made by the policy makers to widen/broaden the Nigeria capital market activity. Policy makers should concentrate on financial system and their roles for effective money supply and credit supply while implementing economic policies.","PeriodicalId":43257,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Region","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82799460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-27DOI: 10.18335/region.v10i1.452
Y. Psycharis, Thomas Georgiadis, P. Nikolopoulos
This paper aims at examining interpersonal income and consumption inequality within the Attica Metropolitan Region, which includes Athens, the largest metropolis of Greece. It also aims to make comparisons between Attica and the rest of the country. The analysis is based on income and consumption microdata from Greek Household Budget Surveys (HBS) over the period 2008-2019, encapsulating the period from the commencement of the economic crisis until the year before the outset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results indicate that income inequalities are systematically higher than consumption inequalities. From a spatial comparative perspective, the results show that the Attica Metropolitan Region exhibits a higher degree of income and consumption inequality relative to the rest of the country. Furthermore, the economic crisis increased income inequality in Athens and in the rest of the country, while consumption expenditure inequality increased in the Athens metropolitan area only. Finally, the distance between socio-economic groups, which stands as a measure of the degree of social polarization, increased during the economic crisis. However, this does not hold true for consumption inequality. Overall, the analysis demonstrates the sensitivity of inequality outcomes to the selection of the welfare indicator (income or consumption), as well as a number of noticeable differences in inequality outcomes between the Metropolitan region of Attica and the rest of the country. The paper unveils facets of inequality which necessitate the implementation of more people and place-targeted policies aimed at more inclusive and balanced welfare conditions in metropolitan regions and across the country.
{"title":"The geographical dimension of income and consumption inequality","authors":"Y. Psycharis, Thomas Georgiadis, P. Nikolopoulos","doi":"10.18335/region.v10i1.452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18335/region.v10i1.452","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims at examining interpersonal income and consumption inequality within the Attica Metropolitan Region, which includes Athens, the largest metropolis of Greece. It also aims to make comparisons between Attica and the rest of the country. The analysis is based on income and consumption microdata from Greek Household Budget Surveys (HBS) over the period 2008-2019, encapsulating the period from the commencement of the economic crisis until the year before the outset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results indicate that income inequalities are systematically higher than consumption inequalities. From a spatial comparative perspective, the results show that the Attica Metropolitan Region exhibits a higher degree of income and consumption inequality relative to the rest of the country. Furthermore, the economic crisis increased income inequality in Athens and in the rest of the country, while consumption expenditure inequality increased in the Athens metropolitan area only. Finally, the distance between socio-economic groups, which stands as a measure of the degree of social polarization, increased during the economic crisis. However, this does not hold true for consumption inequality. Overall, the analysis demonstrates the sensitivity of inequality outcomes to the selection of the welfare indicator (income or consumption), as well as a number of noticeable differences in inequality outcomes between the Metropolitan region of Attica and the rest of the country. The paper unveils facets of inequality which necessitate the implementation of more people and place-targeted policies aimed at more inclusive and balanced welfare conditions in metropolitan regions and across the country.","PeriodicalId":43257,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Region","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85054249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.18335/region.v10i1.382
S. Slava
This paper suggests a way to cluster Ukrainian regions by using economy and creativity-related multiparametric sets so as to reveal the main roles of players in cross-regional comparisons. Special attention was paid to an analysis of invaded regions since 2014 and 2022. The methodology is based on a consistent utilisation of structured analysis, correlation, regression and clustering modelling. Sets of parameters were selected from secondary data via correlation and regression analyses aimed at defining the most impactful factors. The study sample includes 25 regions in Ukraine. The research results contribute mainly to the theorisation of comparative regional analysis and to the relationship between the economy and creativity and their specific behaviour in regions directly linked to war crisis.
{"title":"Economy and creativity multiparametric clustering","authors":"S. Slava","doi":"10.18335/region.v10i1.382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18335/region.v10i1.382","url":null,"abstract":"This paper suggests a way to cluster Ukrainian regions by using economy and creativity-related multiparametric sets so as to reveal the main roles of players in cross-regional comparisons. Special attention was paid to an analysis of invaded regions since 2014 and 2022. The methodology is based on a consistent utilisation of structured analysis, correlation, regression and clustering modelling. Sets of parameters were selected from secondary data via correlation and regression analyses aimed at defining the most impactful factors. The study sample includes 25 regions in Ukraine. The research results contribute mainly to the theorisation of comparative regional analysis and to the relationship between the economy and creativity and their specific behaviour in regions directly linked to war crisis.","PeriodicalId":43257,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Region","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88469247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-14DOI: 10.18335/region.v10i1.453
Miguel González‐Leonardo
In this paper, we analyse the interregional migration of Spanish-born young adults by educational attainment and explore unemployment and over-education in the labour market among internal migrants and sedentary individuals with a university degree. We used register data of population movements from 2000 to 2018 to analyse internal migration patterns and the Labour Force Survey to study the educational attainment of migrants, as well as unemployment rates and over-education among college graduates. Our results indicate a regional polarisation after the economic crisis. Peripheral regions in the interior of Spain have been affected by an increasing exodus of university graduates, in addition to high levels of unemployment and over-education among individuals with a university degree who remain at origin. However, peripheral regions in the north-west and south of Spain have been less affected by out-migration, even though the south has shown higher levels of unemployment for college graduates. The central region of Madrid has emerged as the main destination for university graduates, with a large capacity to employ populations with university education from other regions. Semi-central regions of the Mediterranean and north-east of Spain retain local college graduates and exhibit good labour market conditions among residents with a university degree, but they are not destinations of individuals with university education from other regions.
{"title":"Between leading and lagging","authors":"Miguel González‐Leonardo","doi":"10.18335/region.v10i1.453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18335/region.v10i1.453","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we analyse the interregional migration of Spanish-born young adults by educational attainment and explore unemployment and over-education in the labour market among internal migrants and sedentary individuals with a university degree. We used register data of population movements from 2000 to 2018 to analyse internal migration patterns and the Labour Force Survey to study the educational attainment of migrants, as well as unemployment rates and over-education among college graduates. Our results indicate a regional polarisation after the economic crisis. Peripheral regions in the interior of Spain have been affected by an increasing exodus of university graduates, in addition to high levels of unemployment and over-education among individuals with a university degree who remain at origin. However, peripheral regions in the north-west and south of Spain have been less affected by out-migration, even though the south has shown higher levels of unemployment for college graduates. The central region of Madrid has emerged as the main destination for university graduates, with a large capacity to employ populations with university education from other regions. Semi-central regions of the Mediterranean and north-east of Spain retain local college graduates and exhibit good labour market conditions among residents with a university degree, but they are not destinations of individuals with university education from other regions.","PeriodicalId":43257,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Region","volume":"269 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79597968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-11DOI: 10.18335/region.v10i2.487
B. Vendemmia, Agim Enver Kerucku, G. Vecchio
What are the different factors that make a territory marginal? Are contextual features related to spatial, socioeconomic, institutional, or cultural elements differently influencing marginality in different countries? These are the questions at the origin of this Special Issue. Marginal areas are traditionally defined as those far from the main urban centres, based on a core-periphery model (Cullen & Pretes, 2000; Gatzweiler & Baumüller, 2014; Herrschel, 2012; Ferrau & Lopes, 2004; Bock, 2016). From this perspective, marginality is an intrinsic spatial condition rather than a transient feature. However, the geographic distance from the poles is only one among the many conditions that can help to define marginality, which could be better defined as a process deeply influenced by socioeconomic changes (Máliková, Farrell, McDonagh, 2016). Marginal regions can be peripheral in geographical location but advanced regarding their socioeconomic situation. On the other hand, not every marginal Region is necessarily peripheral: on the contrary, several studies suggest an interpretation of marginality as a lack of socioeconomic and political connection (Leimgruber, 2004; Pelc, 2006; Bock, 2016). Moreover, in European countries such as Germany, France and Italy, the concept of marginality has often been associated with rural or mountainous areas. Still, different contributions to this Special Issue show that marginal territories may have very diverse geographical and orographic conditions. In addition, the scale at which a region can be defined as marginal and the administrative borders may also significantly influence the definition of marginality itself. The lack of a broad, shared definition of marginality affects the identification of marginal territories and the possibility of developing adequate territorial policies to rebalance their marginal condition. Europe shows different attempts at defining marginal territories before proposing devoted policies. For example, Italy refers to the concept of "inner areas" (Materiali Uval, 2014), while the Espon (2017) project PROFECY refers to "inner peripheries". The different names given to marginal territories and the different definitions of marginality require exploring the meaning of considering the other features that may make a territory marginal. As a result, marginality should move from the core-periphery model that considers accessibility to services and goods and distance from central places, considering how a combination of physical, social, economic, institutional and cultural aspects defines marginal territories.
{"title":"Territorial marginality: causes, methods and policies.","authors":"B. Vendemmia, Agim Enver Kerucku, G. Vecchio","doi":"10.18335/region.v10i2.487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18335/region.v10i2.487","url":null,"abstract":"What are the different factors that make a territory marginal? Are contextual features related to spatial, socioeconomic, institutional, or cultural elements differently influencing marginality in different countries? These are the questions at the origin of this Special Issue. \u0000Marginal areas are traditionally defined as those far from the main urban centres, based on a core-periphery model (Cullen & Pretes, 2000; Gatzweiler & Baumüller, 2014; Herrschel, 2012; Ferrau & Lopes, 2004; Bock, 2016). From this perspective, marginality is an intrinsic spatial condition rather than a transient feature. However, the geographic distance from the poles is only one among the many conditions that can help to define marginality, which could be better defined as a process deeply influenced by socioeconomic changes (Máliková, Farrell, McDonagh, 2016). Marginal regions can be peripheral in geographical location but advanced regarding their socioeconomic situation. On the other hand, not every marginal Region is necessarily peripheral: on the contrary, several studies suggest an interpretation of marginality as a lack of socioeconomic and political connection (Leimgruber, 2004; Pelc, 2006; Bock, 2016). \u0000Moreover, in European countries such as Germany, France and Italy, the concept of marginality has often been associated with rural or mountainous areas. Still, different contributions to this Special Issue show that marginal territories may have very diverse geographical and orographic conditions. In addition, the scale at which a region can be defined as marginal and the administrative borders may also significantly influence the definition of marginality itself. \u0000The lack of a broad, shared definition of marginality affects the identification of marginal territories and the possibility of developing adequate territorial policies to rebalance their marginal condition. Europe shows different attempts at defining marginal territories before proposing devoted policies. For example, Italy refers to the concept of \"inner areas\" (Materiali Uval, 2014), while the Espon (2017) project PROFECY refers to \"inner peripheries\". The different names given to marginal territories and the different definitions of marginality require exploring the meaning of considering the other features that may make a territory marginal. As a result, marginality should move from the core-periphery model that considers accessibility to services and goods and distance from central places, considering how a combination of physical, social, economic, institutional and cultural aspects defines marginal territories.","PeriodicalId":43257,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Region","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78350075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-25DOI: 10.18335/region.v10i1.418
Alishan Karimov, P. Gyurácz-Németh, D. Kamann
This study measures the economic impact of hotels and similar establishments on the overall economy of the Hungarian Veszprém District. It is considered to be an individual part of the total hospitality sector. The Local Multiplier is utilized in the study from three perspectives: direct, indirect and induced effects. Both secondary public data as well as primary data sources, merely questionnaires, were used to collect data. The resulting score for the induced impact (LM3) is 1.96, meaning that for every forint brought into the economy of the district of Veszprem by the hotels and similar establishments, another extra forint is generated. The study also finds that revenues of the Veszprem district as share of the national figures have shrunk significantly and development has stagnated in absolute terms over the past four years.
{"title":"Economic impact of hotels and similar establishments in Veszprém District","authors":"Alishan Karimov, P. Gyurácz-Németh, D. Kamann","doi":"10.18335/region.v10i1.418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18335/region.v10i1.418","url":null,"abstract":"This study measures the economic impact of hotels and similar establishments on the overall economy of the Hungarian Veszprém District. It is considered to be an individual part of the total hospitality sector. The Local Multiplier is utilized in the study from three perspectives: direct, indirect and induced effects. Both secondary public data as well as primary data sources, merely questionnaires, were used to collect data. The resulting score for the induced impact (LM3) is 1.96, meaning that for every forint brought into the economy of the district of Veszprem by the hotels and similar establishments, another extra forint is generated. The study also finds that revenues of the Veszprem district as share of the national figures have shrunk significantly and development has stagnated in absolute terms over the past four years.","PeriodicalId":43257,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Region","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86767626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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