Pub Date : 2024-07-03DOI: 10.56093/ijas.v94i7.145605
S. PRIYA S, A. C, L. R H, S. Nair, K. D, D. M V, N. P
Aggregate wick system (AWS) or capillary action technique is a kind of sub-surface irrigation system gaining popularity owing to its profound advantages of improved water and nutrient use efficiency resulting in superior plant growth and development. However, its effect on growth and physiology of gerbera crop has not been studied yet. Therefore, an experiment was conducted during 2021–23 at ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka to assess the effect of aggregate wick system on growth, flowering, vase life, yield and physiological aspects of gerbera var. Arka Nesara as compared to the conventional drip systems. It was apparent from the results that higher overall factor productivity in terms of number of leaves/plant (12.92), earlier first flower harvest (149.80 days) and copious flower production (38.58/plant/year) with enhanced chlorophyll content and optimal starch content were observed with AWS on the soil bed. However, AWS with pots on the ground resulted in extended vase life (9.20 days) with enhanced leaf area (115.31 cm2), chlorophyll-b, reducing sugars and decreased total and non-reducing sugars in leaves. Therefore, it can be concluded that the improved flower yield and vase life of gerbera in aggregate wick systems might be attributed to the greater chlorophyll production and reducing sugars in the leaves, respectively.
聚水芯系统（AWS）或毛细管作用技术是一种地表下灌溉系统，因其具有提高水分和养分利用效率、促进植物生长发育的巨大优势而越来越受欢迎。然而，其对非洲菊作物生长和生理的影响尚未得到研究。因此，2021-23 年期间，在卡纳塔克邦班加罗尔的印度园艺研究所（ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka）进行了一项实验，以评估集束灯芯系统与传统滴灌系统相比，对非洲菊变种 Arka Nesara 的生长、开花、花瓶寿命、产量和生理方面的影响。结果表明，土床上的集束灯芯系统在叶片数/株（12.92）、首次花朵收获期（149.80 天）和大量花朵产量（38.58/株/年）方面的综合要素生产率更高，叶绿素含量和最佳淀粉含量也更高。然而，在地面上使用花盆进行 AWS 可延长花瓶寿命（9.20 天），提高叶面积（115.31 平方厘米）、叶绿素-b、还原糖含量，降低叶片中的总糖和非还原糖含量。因此，可以得出结论，聚合灯芯系统中非洲菊的产花量和花瓶寿命提高，可能分别归因于叶片中叶绿素产量和还原糖的增加。
{"title":"Comparative study on agronomic and physiological performance of gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii) under drip and aggregate wick systems","authors":"S. PRIYA S, A. C, L. R H, S. Nair, K. D, D. M V, N. P","doi":"10.56093/ijas.v94i7.145605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v94i7.145605","url":null,"abstract":"Aggregate wick system (AWS) or capillary action technique is a kind of sub-surface irrigation system gaining popularity owing to its profound advantages of improved water and nutrient use efficiency resulting in superior plant growth and development. However, its effect on growth and physiology of gerbera crop has not been studied yet. Therefore, an experiment was conducted during 2021–23 at ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka to assess the effect of aggregate wick system on growth, flowering, vase life, yield and physiological aspects of gerbera var. Arka Nesara as compared to the conventional drip systems. It was apparent from the results that higher overall factor productivity in terms of number of leaves/plant (12.92), earlier first flower harvest (149.80 days) and copious flower production (38.58/plant/year) with enhanced chlorophyll content and optimal starch content were observed with AWS on the soil bed. However, AWS with pots on the ground resulted in extended vase life (9.20 days) with enhanced leaf area (115.31 cm2), chlorophyll-b, reducing sugars and decreased total and non-reducing sugars in leaves. Therefore, it can be concluded that the improved flower yield and vase life of gerbera in aggregate wick systems might be attributed to the greater chlorophyll production and reducing sugars in the leaves, respectively.","PeriodicalId":433073,"journal":{"name":"The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"136 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141681833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-03DOI: 10.56093/ijas.v94i7.140506
Harendra Kumar, Ankur Agarwal, KR Pradeep, B. Ballabh, OM Prakash, Devakanta Pahad Singh
An experiment was conducted during October 2022–January 2023 at Defence Institute of Bio-energy Research-Defence Research and Development Organisation, Haldwani, Nainital, Uttarakhand to evaluate the growth, quality production and yield of celery under the hydroponic, soilless and soil conditions. Higher crop productivity of celery crop was found under hydroponic system as compared to other medium. The experiment revealed that there is a better provision for vertical space utilization and protection from soil-borne disease under hydroponic farming as compared to traditional farming. This experiment paved a new way for the need and future perspective of hydroponic technology to achieve the desirable quality of vegetable crop production by using modern farming technology such as hydroponics on a small and medium scale. The present experiment also summarized that this farming plays an important role in crop production to maintain market growth in coming years. In this respect, hydroponics is an emerging technology which play a vital role in urban and pre-urban area and positively effective in the ways to promote healthy and developed future for the planet and its people.
{"title":"Comparative study of celery (Apium graveolens) on growth, yield and quality under different growing conditions","authors":"Harendra Kumar, Ankur Agarwal, KR Pradeep, B. Ballabh, OM Prakash, Devakanta Pahad Singh","doi":"10.56093/ijas.v94i7.140506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v94i7.140506","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was conducted during October 2022–January 2023 at Defence Institute of Bio-energy Research-Defence Research and Development Organisation, Haldwani, Nainital, Uttarakhand to evaluate the growth, quality production and yield of celery under the hydroponic, soilless and soil conditions. Higher crop productivity of celery crop was found under hydroponic system as compared to other medium. The experiment revealed that there is a better provision for vertical space utilization and protection from soil-borne disease under hydroponic farming as compared to traditional farming. This experiment paved a new way for the need and future perspective of hydroponic technology to achieve the desirable quality of vegetable crop production by using modern farming technology such as hydroponics on a small and medium scale. The present experiment also summarized that this farming plays an important role in crop production to maintain market growth in coming years. In this respect, hydroponics is an emerging technology which play a vital role in urban and pre-urban area and positively effective in the ways to promote healthy and developed future for the planet and its people.","PeriodicalId":433073,"journal":{"name":"The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"4 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141682509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-03DOI: 10.56093/ijas.v94i7.147415
G. Alekhya, T. K. Das, R. Kaur, R. Raj, S. Sudhishri, Arti Bhatia, S. Biswas, Suman Sen, Priyanka Saha, S. S, R. B S
Conservation agriculture (CA) practices like zero-till and residue retention along with nitrogen management is vital for improving degraded soil health and optimizing the yield potential of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop. Present study was carried out during winter (rabi) seasons of 2021–22 and 2022–23 at ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi for optimizing wheat productivity in a conservation agriculture-based cotton (Gossypium herbaceum L.)-wheat system. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications consisting of combination of 3 different crop establishment methods, viz. permanent broad bed (PBB), permanent narrow bed (PNB) and zero-till flatbed (ZTFB) with residue (R) and without residue along with 2 doses of nitrogen (75N, 100N) and conventional tillage (CT). The CA-based practices showed overall superior response in terms of growth, yield and nutrients uptake of wheat than CT. Among them, the PBBR100N resulted in significantly higher plant height, leaf area index, dry-matter accumulation, crop growth rate, and relative growth rate compared to PNB, PBB, ZTFB and CT. This treatment led to significantly higher grain (16.2–19.4%) and straw (9.6–11.6%) yields than CT. The net returns and benefit cost ratio (23.4% and 27.9%) were also higher than that in CT. Again, in this treatment, N uptake by wheat crop was higher by 85%, P uptake by 53.1%, and K uptake by 40.1%, and available soil N, P and K by 16.1, 25.3 and 43.7%, respectively than CT. Therefore, the study suggests that the adoption of CA-based practices with broad bed in Indo-Gangetic Plains will not only enhance the productivity of wheat but also result in improved soil health by restoring soil fertility.
{"title":"Productivity, nutrient uptake and nitrogen economy of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in a conservation agriculture-based cotton (Gossypium herbaceum)–wheat system","authors":"G. Alekhya, T. K. Das, R. Kaur, R. Raj, S. Sudhishri, Arti Bhatia, S. Biswas, Suman Sen, Priyanka Saha, S. S, R. B S","doi":"10.56093/ijas.v94i7.147415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v94i7.147415","url":null,"abstract":"Conservation agriculture (CA) practices like zero-till and residue retention along with nitrogen management is vital for improving degraded soil health and optimizing the yield potential of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop. Present study was carried out during winter (rabi) seasons of 2021–22 and 2022–23 at ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi for optimizing wheat productivity in a conservation agriculture-based cotton (Gossypium herbaceum L.)-wheat system. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications consisting of combination of 3 different crop establishment methods, viz. permanent broad bed (PBB), permanent narrow bed (PNB) and zero-till flatbed (ZTFB) with residue (R) and without residue along with 2 doses of nitrogen (75N, 100N) and conventional tillage (CT). The CA-based practices showed overall superior response in terms of growth, yield and nutrients uptake of wheat than CT. Among them, the PBBR100N resulted in significantly higher plant height, leaf area index, dry-matter accumulation, crop growth rate, and relative growth rate compared to PNB, PBB, ZTFB and CT. This treatment led to significantly higher grain (16.2–19.4%) and straw (9.6–11.6%) yields than CT. The net returns and benefit cost ratio (23.4% and 27.9%) were also higher than that in CT. Again, in this treatment, N uptake by wheat crop was higher by 85%, P uptake by 53.1%, and K uptake by 40.1%, and available soil N, P and K by 16.1, 25.3 and 43.7%, respectively than CT. Therefore, the study suggests that the adoption of CA-based practices with broad bed in Indo-Gangetic Plains will not only enhance the productivity of wheat but also result in improved soil health by restoring soil fertility.","PeriodicalId":433073,"journal":{"name":"The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"73 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141684178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-03DOI: 10.56093/ijas.v94i7.148891
Ankit Kumar Sinha, B. P., A. K. Singh, H. Choudhary, J. K. Ranjan, G. P. Mishra, Reshma Shinde, Nawed Anjum, Sajiya Ekbal, Gourav Kumar Mohanty
The experiment was conducted during summer seasons of 2021–22 and 2022–2023 at ICAR-Research Complex for Eastern Region, Farming System Research Centre for Hill and Plateau Region, Plandu, Ranchi, Jharkhand focused on assessing the genetic diversity for fruit yield and quality parameters among 46 unique pointed gourd (Trichosanthes dioica Roxb.) genotypes. The data collected underwent thorough statistical analyses, encompassing genetic variability, analysis of variance (ANOVA), correlation coefficients, path analysis, exploration of genetic divergence and biochemical characterization. The ANOVA results revealed significant variations across the selected genotypes in terms of fruit yield and quality traits. Key attributes, such as the number of fruits/plant, harvest frequency, pulp seed ratio and total phenol content, displayed significant positive correlations with total fruit yield. The noteworthy was the positive direct effect of pulp weight on total fruit yield indicated by a coefficient of 0.99. Further, this study identified total fruit yield as the primary contributor to the observed genetic diversity. Cluster analysis results in to the grouping of 46 genotypes into 12 distinct clusters based on D2 values. The study highlighted significant variability among pointed gourd genotypes, suggesting ample opportunities for selection-based improvement. Selection based on characteristics such as the number of fruits per plant, pulp weight and pulp seed ratio is expected to enhance yield potential. Identified genotypes, such as Swarna Alaukik, HAP-79, HAP-70 (for yield-related attributes) and HAP-106 (for quality traits), emerged as promising which hold potential for future breeding initiatives and are recommended for cultivation in the eastern plateau and hill region for augmenting yield potential. Cluster III and cluster XII offer diverse genetics for breeding. Crossing these clusters can create new high-yield cultivars. This strategic cultivation aims to enhance the nutritional well-being of the local population in that area.
{"title":"Genetic diversity in pointed gourd (Trichosanthes dioica) genotypes for fruit yield and quality traits under eastern plateau and hill region","authors":"Ankit Kumar Sinha, B. P., A. K. Singh, H. Choudhary, J. K. Ranjan, G. P. Mishra, Reshma Shinde, Nawed Anjum, Sajiya Ekbal, Gourav Kumar Mohanty","doi":"10.56093/ijas.v94i7.148891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v94i7.148891","url":null,"abstract":"The experiment was conducted during summer seasons of 2021–22 and 2022–2023 at ICAR-Research Complex for Eastern Region, Farming System Research Centre for Hill and Plateau Region, Plandu, Ranchi, Jharkhand focused on assessing the genetic diversity for fruit yield and quality parameters among 46 unique pointed gourd (Trichosanthes dioica Roxb.) genotypes. The data collected underwent thorough statistical analyses, encompassing genetic variability, analysis of variance (ANOVA), correlation coefficients, path analysis, exploration of genetic divergence and biochemical characterization. The ANOVA results revealed significant variations across the selected genotypes in terms of fruit yield and quality traits. Key attributes, such as the number of fruits/plant, harvest frequency, pulp seed ratio and total phenol content, displayed significant positive correlations with total fruit yield. The noteworthy was the positive direct effect of pulp weight on total fruit yield indicated by a coefficient of 0.99. Further, this study identified total fruit yield as the primary contributor to the observed genetic diversity. Cluster analysis results in to the grouping of 46 genotypes into 12 distinct clusters based on D2 values. The study highlighted significant variability among pointed gourd genotypes, suggesting ample opportunities for selection-based improvement. Selection based on characteristics such as the number of fruits per plant, pulp weight and pulp seed ratio is expected to enhance yield potential. Identified genotypes, such as Swarna Alaukik, HAP-79, HAP-70 (for yield-related attributes) and HAP-106 (for quality traits), emerged as promising which hold potential for future breeding initiatives and are recommended for cultivation in the eastern plateau and hill region for augmenting yield potential. Cluster III and cluster XII offer diverse genetics for breeding. Crossing these clusters can create new high-yield cultivars. This strategic cultivation aims to enhance the nutritional well-being of the local population in that area.","PeriodicalId":433073,"journal":{"name":"The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"69 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141683127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-03DOI: 10.56093/ijas.v94i7.147126
Veerendra Kumar Verema, B. U. Choudhury, Heiplanmi Rymbai, A. Jha, S. Hazarika, V. K. Mishra
Irrigation scheduling plays a vital role in the efficient utilization of water to obtain optimum yield, particularly for high value crops grown under protected conditions. The present experiment was conducted during 2020–22 at Horticulture Experimental Farm, ICAR-Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Umiam, Meghalaya to standardize the irrigation scheduling (IS) (5, 7, and 10-days interval) in high-value vegetable crops [tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), capsicum (Capsicum annuum L.) and king-chilli (Capsicum chinense Jacq.)] grown under naturally ventilated low-cost polyhouse in the mid-hill conditions of Meghalaya. The results revealed a significant effect of IS on plant growth (reduction in plant height, leaf area) and yield attributes (fruit setting, fruit size, fruit weight and total yield) of the crops with an increase in level of moisture stress. The highest yield of tomato (82.7 t/ha), capsicum (40.8 t/ha) and king-chilli (11.8 t/ha) was recorded in the 5-day interval of IS and on increasing the IS interval to 7-days, the yield decreased by 28.7, 36.1 and 35.7%, respectively. Among the crops, capsicum was found to be more sensitive to water stress, followed by king-chilli and tomato. Among the crops, water productivity with respect to irrigation water was maximum in tomato (60.0 g/kg) followed by capsicum (17.2 g/kg) and king-chilli (10.0 g/kg). Among the varieties grown, Megha Tomato-3 of tomato, hybrid Mahabharat of capsicum and landrace Red Long of king-chilli were found superior for growth and yield attributes at different levels of moisture regime. The farmers of the region can get higher yield using identified varieties with irrigation at 5-days intervals.
{"title":"Irrigation scheduling for high value vegetable crops grown under protected cultivation in the hilly ecosystem of north-east India","authors":"Veerendra Kumar Verema, B. U. Choudhury, Heiplanmi Rymbai, A. Jha, S. Hazarika, V. K. Mishra","doi":"10.56093/ijas.v94i7.147126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v94i7.147126","url":null,"abstract":"Irrigation scheduling plays a vital role in the efficient utilization of water to obtain optimum yield, particularly for high value crops grown under protected conditions. The present experiment was conducted during 2020–22 at Horticulture Experimental Farm, ICAR-Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Umiam, Meghalaya to standardize the irrigation scheduling (IS) (5, 7, and 10-days interval) in high-value vegetable crops [tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), capsicum (Capsicum annuum L.) and king-chilli (Capsicum chinense Jacq.)] grown under naturally ventilated low-cost polyhouse in the mid-hill conditions of Meghalaya. The results revealed a significant effect of IS on plant growth (reduction in plant height, leaf area) and yield attributes (fruit setting, fruit size, fruit weight and total yield) of the crops with an increase in level of moisture stress. The highest yield of tomato (82.7 t/ha), capsicum (40.8 t/ha) and king-chilli (11.8 t/ha) was recorded in the 5-day interval of IS and on increasing the IS interval to 7-days, the yield decreased by 28.7, 36.1 and 35.7%, respectively. Among the crops, capsicum was found to be more sensitive to water stress, followed by king-chilli and tomato. Among the crops, water productivity with respect to irrigation water was maximum in tomato (60.0 g/kg) followed by capsicum (17.2 g/kg) and king-chilli (10.0 g/kg). Among the varieties grown, Megha Tomato-3 of tomato, hybrid Mahabharat of capsicum and landrace Red Long of king-chilli were found superior for growth and yield attributes at different levels of moisture regime. The farmers of the region can get higher yield using identified varieties with irrigation at 5-days intervals.","PeriodicalId":433073,"journal":{"name":"The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"78 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141682202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-03DOI: 10.56093/ijas.v94i7.147691
Prabhjot Kaur, Kamaljit Kaur, Rahul Kapoor, Jaspreet Kaur, S. J. Basha
The present study was carried out during 2022 at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab designed for the exploration and characterization of different oat varieties to understand their potential for physical, gravitational, functional, nutritional, and extraction of β-glucan parameters. All studied varieties showed variability in the grain and flour quality of oats. The preference of a variety based on nutritional and functional parameters contingent on this evaluation could help a satisfactory basis for future oat crop improvement plans for feed and food security. The current scientific intervention suggests that oat variety OL 1876-2 might be a suitable choice for β-glucan extraction due to its high content with promising nutritional and functional benefits. These findings may open a new avenue for further research on utilization of oats for food purpose that could cater the imminent demands of health conscious people.
本研究于 2022 年在旁遮普省卢迪亚纳的旁遮普农业大学进行，旨在探索不同燕麦品种的特性，以了解它们在物理、重力、功能、营养和提取 β-葡聚糖参数方面的潜力。所有研究品种的燕麦谷粒和面粉质量都存在差异。根据营养和功能参数对品种进行优选，有助于为今后的燕麦作物改良计划提供令人满意的依据，以确保饲料和食品安全。目前的科学干预表明，燕麦品种 OL 1876-2 可能是提取 β-葡聚糖的合适选择，因为其含量高，具有良好的营养和功能效益。这些发现为进一步研究燕麦的食品用途开辟了一条新途径，可满足注重健康的人们的迫切需求。
{"title":"Assessment of oat (Avena sativa) varieties unveiled the variation in nutritional quality","authors":"Prabhjot Kaur, Kamaljit Kaur, Rahul Kapoor, Jaspreet Kaur, S. J. Basha","doi":"10.56093/ijas.v94i7.147691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v94i7.147691","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was carried out during 2022 at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab designed for the exploration and characterization of different oat varieties to understand their potential for physical, gravitational, functional, nutritional, and extraction of β-glucan parameters. All studied varieties showed variability in the grain and flour quality of oats. The preference of a variety based on nutritional and functional parameters contingent on this evaluation could help a satisfactory basis for future oat crop improvement plans for feed and food security. The current scientific intervention suggests that oat variety OL 1876-2 might be a suitable choice for β-glucan extraction due to its high content with promising nutritional and functional benefits. These findings may open a new avenue for further research on utilization of oats for food purpose that could cater the imminent demands of health conscious people.","PeriodicalId":433073,"journal":{"name":"The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"18 S3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141681541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-03DOI: 10.56093/ijas.v94i7.145231
S. Sethi, L. S G, Ram Asrey, A. Nagaraja, Kanwar Pal Singh, Namita, Raju Kumar, A. P K
Present study was carried out during 2021–23 at ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi to investigate the efficacy of active edible coatings, incorporated with extracts from rose leaves and marigold petals in preserving the quality of mature green guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. Allahabad Safeda during storage at both ambient (25±2°C) and cold (10±1°C) conditions. The coatings, particularly carboxy methyl cellulose combined with rose leaf extract (CMC+RL) demonstrated the highest effectiveness in minimizing per cent firmness reduction (PFR; 77.02% and 84.71%) compared to the control (89.95% and 89.73%) after 4 and 18 days of ambient and cold storage, respectively. Additionally, the coatings significantly influenced total soluble solids (TSS), total sugar content (TSC) and yellowness index (YI) showing potential in slowing down the fruit ripening. Moreover, the coatings demonstrated notable antioxidant activity with CMC+RL coating exhibited the highest activity. Furthermore, the coatings exhibited a substantial inhibitory effect on polygalactouronase (PG) activity, indicating a potential to mitigate cell wall degradation. Overall, the results highlight the promise of these biodegradable coatings as an alternative to synthetic preservatives in preserving postharvest quality and enhancing the shelf-life of guava fruits.
{"title":"Edible coating functionalized with ornamental plant extracts affect the postharvest quality of guava (Psidium guajava) during storage","authors":"S. Sethi, L. S G, Ram Asrey, A. Nagaraja, Kanwar Pal Singh, Namita, Raju Kumar, A. P K","doi":"10.56093/ijas.v94i7.145231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v94i7.145231","url":null,"abstract":"Present study was carried out during 2021–23 at ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi to investigate the efficacy of active edible coatings, incorporated with extracts from rose leaves and marigold petals in preserving the quality of mature green guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. Allahabad Safeda during storage at both ambient (25±2°C) and cold (10±1°C) conditions. The coatings, particularly carboxy methyl cellulose combined with rose leaf extract (CMC+RL) demonstrated the highest effectiveness in minimizing per cent firmness reduction (PFR; 77.02% and 84.71%) compared to the control (89.95% and 89.73%) after 4 and 18 days of ambient and cold storage, respectively. Additionally, the coatings significantly influenced total soluble solids (TSS), total sugar content (TSC) and yellowness index (YI) showing potential in slowing down the fruit ripening. Moreover, the coatings demonstrated notable antioxidant activity with CMC+RL coating exhibited the highest activity. Furthermore, the coatings exhibited a substantial inhibitory effect on polygalactouronase (PG) activity, indicating a potential to mitigate cell wall degradation. Overall, the results highlight the promise of these biodegradable coatings as an alternative to synthetic preservatives in preserving postharvest quality and enhancing the shelf-life of guava fruits.","PeriodicalId":433073,"journal":{"name":"The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141682532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-03DOI: 10.56093/ijas.v94i6.145980
S. Manivannan, V. K. Thilagam, Ravindra Yaligar, K. N. Manoj
The success of climate-smart agriculture in high rainfall zone lies in understanding the rainfall trend and planning or modifying the cropping system for maximum yield. Moisture stress in critical crop growth stages is detrimental to the crop and drastically reduces the yield. Udhagamandalam region in Western Ghats is a high rainfall area and is largely cultivated by vegetable crops. Rainfall trend based crop planning would enhance the crop yield without water stress. A study was carried out at ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Dhemaji, Assam focused on assessing the long-term seasonal and monthly rainfall trends of Udhagamandalam region, Tamil Nadu using non-parametric tests and Innovative Trend Analysis (ITA). Daily rainfall of 62 years from 1960–2021 was analyzed with non-parametric tests, viz. Mann-Kendall and modified Mann-Kendall and ITA to find the seasonal rainfall characteristics. Mann- Kendall (3.055) and modified Mann-Kendall (3.055) tests showed a significantly increasing trend in the annual and seasonal monsoonal rainfall. ITA revealed either a significant positive or a negative trend in all the months except February, with the highest trend in June (2.625). In contrast to standard non-parametric tests, ITA detected a significant positive trend in all seasons and annual rainfall, except in cold winters where the trend is negative. The long-term trend analysis results suggest that the ITA is more precise for rainfall trend analysis than standard non-parametric tests and can be used to evaluate hidden variations of rainfall trends. Hence, ITA is recommended for analyzing rainfall trends for crop planning in high-rainfall regions. IT analysis of 62 years of rainfall data of Udhagamandalam suggested that vegetable crop planning can be done by farmers from August–November months as the rainfall trend during this period is assured as an increasing trend of rainfall pattern was observed.
{"title":"Crop planning using innovative trend analysis of 62-years rainfall data","authors":"S. Manivannan, V. K. Thilagam, Ravindra Yaligar, K. N. Manoj","doi":"10.56093/ijas.v94i6.145980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v94i6.145980","url":null,"abstract":"The success of climate-smart agriculture in high rainfall zone lies in understanding the rainfall trend and planning or modifying the cropping system for maximum yield. Moisture stress in critical crop growth stages is detrimental to the crop and drastically reduces the yield. Udhagamandalam region in Western Ghats is a high rainfall area and is largely cultivated by vegetable crops. Rainfall trend based crop planning would enhance the crop yield without water stress. A study was carried out at ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Dhemaji, Assam focused on assessing the long-term seasonal and monthly rainfall trends of Udhagamandalam region, Tamil Nadu using non-parametric tests and Innovative Trend Analysis (ITA). Daily rainfall of 62 years from 1960–2021 was analyzed with non-parametric tests, viz. Mann-Kendall and modified Mann-Kendall and ITA to find the seasonal rainfall characteristics. Mann- Kendall (3.055) and modified Mann-Kendall (3.055) tests showed a significantly increasing trend in the annual and seasonal monsoonal rainfall. ITA revealed either a significant positive or a negative trend in all the months except February, with the highest trend in June (2.625). In contrast to standard non-parametric tests, ITA detected a significant positive trend in all seasons and annual rainfall, except in cold winters where the trend is negative. The long-term trend analysis results suggest that the ITA is more precise for rainfall trend analysis than standard non-parametric tests and can be used to evaluate hidden variations of rainfall trends. Hence, ITA is recommended for analyzing rainfall trends for crop planning in high-rainfall regions. IT analysis of 62 years of rainfall data of Udhagamandalam suggested that vegetable crop planning can be done by farmers from August–November months as the rainfall trend during this period is assured as an increasing trend of rainfall pattern was observed.","PeriodicalId":433073,"journal":{"name":"The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141681715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-03DOI: 10.56093/ijas.v94i7.143814
Gograj Ola, P. S. Shekhawat, Ramniwas, P. Gautam, Praveen Kumar Nitharwal, Kamlesh Choudhary, Lakshya Choudhary, P. Choudhary, Kaushalya Choudhary, Ajay Kumar
The present experiment was conducted during rainy (kharif) seasons of 2020 and 2021 at College of Agriculture, Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner, Rajasthan to determine the effect of sowing technique, mulching, and NPK foliar fertilization on growth, yield, and yield attributes of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] in arid circumstances. Experiment consisted of 3 sowing methods, viz. direct seed sowing (45 cm × 15 cm); 2-week-old seedling (60 cm × 22.5 cm); and 4-week-old seedling (60 cm × 22.5 cm) transplanting; and 3 mulches, viz. no mulch; dust mulch; and straw mulch assigned to main-plot and 2 levels of NPK foliar fertilization [control and NPK @1% foliar spray at 35 and 50 DAS (days after sowing)] assigned to sub-plot. Results showed that transplanting 4-week-old seedlings led to significantly higher plant height (170.1 cm), dry-matter accumulation (133.6 g), total and effective tillers (3.41 and 3.14), ear head length (24 cm), ear head girth (2.28 cm), weight of ear head (31.5 g), grains/ear (1964), weight of grains/ear (18.9 g), comparable to 2-week seedling transplanting. The grain yield (2396 kg/ha) and straw yield (6640 kg/ha) were significantly superior with 4-week-old seedlings over 2-week seedling by 8.2, 5.4% on pooled basis. Straw mulch exhibited superior most for growth and yield parameters, followed by dust mulch. Additionally, NPK @1% foliar spray at 35 and 50 DAS resulted in significantly higher plant height (170.5 cm), dry-matter accumulation (131.6 g), ear head length (23.7 cm), ear head girth (2.27 cm), weight of ear head (31.1 g), grains/ear (1921), weight of grains/ear (18.5 g), compared to the control. The grain yield (2303 kg/ha) and straw yield (6548 kg/ha) were significantly superior with NPK @1% by 9.5% and 11% over control. In conclusion, the combination of transplanting 4-week-old seedlings, straw mulch and NPK @1% foliar spray offering a potential solution for enhancing agricultural productivity in the region.
{"title":"Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) growth and productivity under different sowing methods, mulching and foliar feeding of nutrients","authors":"Gograj Ola, P. S. Shekhawat, Ramniwas, P. Gautam, Praveen Kumar Nitharwal, Kamlesh Choudhary, Lakshya Choudhary, P. Choudhary, Kaushalya Choudhary, Ajay Kumar","doi":"10.56093/ijas.v94i7.143814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v94i7.143814","url":null,"abstract":"The present experiment was conducted during rainy (kharif) seasons of 2020 and 2021 at College of Agriculture, Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner, Rajasthan to determine the effect of sowing technique, mulching, and NPK foliar fertilization on growth, yield, and yield attributes of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] in arid circumstances. Experiment consisted of 3 sowing methods, viz. direct seed sowing (45 cm × 15 cm); 2-week-old seedling (60 cm × 22.5 cm); and 4-week-old seedling (60 cm × 22.5 cm) transplanting; and 3 mulches, viz. no mulch; dust mulch; and straw mulch assigned to main-plot and 2 levels of NPK foliar fertilization [control and NPK @1% foliar spray at 35 and 50 DAS (days after sowing)] assigned to sub-plot. Results showed that transplanting 4-week-old seedlings led to significantly higher plant height (170.1 cm), dry-matter accumulation (133.6 g), total and effective tillers (3.41 and 3.14), ear head length (24 cm), ear head girth (2.28 cm), weight of ear head (31.5 g), grains/ear (1964), weight of grains/ear (18.9 g), comparable to 2-week seedling transplanting. The grain yield (2396 kg/ha) and straw yield (6640 kg/ha) were significantly superior with 4-week-old seedlings over 2-week seedling by 8.2, 5.4% on pooled basis. Straw mulch exhibited superior most for growth and yield parameters, followed by dust mulch. Additionally, NPK @1% foliar spray at 35 and 50 DAS resulted in significantly higher plant height (170.5 cm), dry-matter accumulation (131.6 g), ear head length (23.7 cm), ear head girth (2.27 cm), weight of ear head (31.1 g), grains/ear (1921), weight of grains/ear (18.5 g), compared to the control. The grain yield (2303 kg/ha) and straw yield (6548 kg/ha) were significantly superior with NPK @1% by 9.5% and 11% over control. In conclusion, the combination of transplanting 4-week-old seedlings, straw mulch and NPK @1% foliar spray offering a potential solution for enhancing agricultural productivity in the region.","PeriodicalId":433073,"journal":{"name":"The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"134 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141681962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-03DOI: 10.56093/ijas.v94i7.149236
Sagar, Dilbagh, Kuldeep Jangid, S. Sanadya, Harsh Chaurasia, Ashish Shivran
The identification and deployment of high-yielding pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.] hybrids adapted to various stress agro-ecologies are crucial for enhancing food and nutrition security in northern India. A study was carried out during the rainy (kharif) seasons of 2019 and 2020 at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana in different growing situations (early-sown and late-sown patterns and rainfed to irrigated conditions) to investigate the genotype-environment interaction (GEI) of 59 pearl millet restorer lines, male sterile lines and their derived hybrids. Pooled analysis of variance for genotype, environment and GEI was significant for days to 50% flowering, seed yield and harvest index. These results indicate the significant differences among the genotypes, various environments and response of GEI. By combining the results of regression analysis and additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) biplot, the genotypes HMS58 A1×EMRL-14/105, HMS54 A5×EMRL-14/127 and EMRL-15/109 exhibited high mean seed yield and high stability across environments. Among the tested environments, irrigated late-sown condition for seed yield and harvest index; and rainfed early-sown condition for days to 50% flowering had the highest discrimination ability. Hence, this study can help for the grouping of pearl millet potential hybrids and allow multi-year trials for identifying the best genotypes in the northern India.
{"title":"Stability analysis of male sterile-derived pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) hybrids under variable growing condition","authors":"Sagar, Dilbagh, Kuldeep Jangid, S. Sanadya, Harsh Chaurasia, Ashish Shivran","doi":"10.56093/ijas.v94i7.149236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v94i7.149236","url":null,"abstract":"The identification and deployment of high-yielding pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.] hybrids adapted to various stress agro-ecologies are crucial for enhancing food and nutrition security in northern India. A study was carried out during the rainy (kharif) seasons of 2019 and 2020 at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana in different growing situations (early-sown and late-sown patterns and rainfed to irrigated conditions) to investigate the genotype-environment interaction (GEI) of 59 pearl millet restorer lines, male sterile lines and their derived hybrids. Pooled analysis of variance for genotype, environment and GEI was significant for days to 50% flowering, seed yield and harvest index. These results indicate the significant differences among the genotypes, various environments and response of GEI. By combining the results of regression analysis and additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) biplot, the genotypes HMS58 A1×EMRL-14/105, HMS54 A5×EMRL-14/127 and EMRL-15/109 exhibited high mean seed yield and high stability across environments. Among the tested environments, irrigated late-sown condition for seed yield and harvest index; and rainfed early-sown condition for days to 50% flowering had the highest discrimination ability. Hence, this study can help for the grouping of pearl millet potential hybrids and allow multi-year trials for identifying the best genotypes in the northern India.","PeriodicalId":433073,"journal":{"name":"The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"88 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141683861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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