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The Philosophy of Law in Russia as the ideological and theoretical basis of the national legal ideology: history, modernity and prospects 俄罗斯法哲学作为民族法律意识形态的思想理论基础:历史、现代性与前景
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.31857/s102694520027259-5
Alexander N. Savenkov
The article examines the Russian Philosophy of Law, reveals its theoretical and value potential to be the basis of the modern national legal ideology of Russia. The views of K.S.ºAksakov, N. Ya. Danilevsky, N.A. Berdyaev, I.A. Ilyin are analyzed, who, according to the author, managed to show the essence of the Russian national character and Russian statehood in their works. It is argued that the Russian Philosophy of Law, which reached its apogee in the XIX – first third of the XX century, is not only not outdated at the present time, but should become the basis of modern theoretical research in the field of national state-building, the formation of domestic and foreign policy of the Russian state. The system-forming nature of the Philosophy of Law for fundamental legal sciences is revealed.
本文通过对俄罗斯法哲学的考察,揭示了其作为俄罗斯现代民族法律思想基础的理论和价值潜力。K.S.ºAksakov, n.ya的观点。作者分析了丹尼列夫斯基、别尔佳耶夫、伊林等人的作品,认为他们成功地在作品中表现了俄罗斯民族性格和国家地位的本质。本文认为,在二十世纪十九世纪至二十世纪前三分之一时期达到鼎盛的俄罗斯法哲学,在当代不仅不会过时,而且应该成为民族国家建设、俄罗斯国家内外政策形成等领域的现代理论研究的基础。揭示了基础法学法哲学的系统形成本质。
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引用次数: 0
The value of law and legal values in a globalizing world (Axiological review of the book “State and law: human rights and the world order based on the Rule of Law”) 全球化世界中的法律价值和法律价值(《国家与法律:基于法治的人权与世界秩序》一书的价值论评论)
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.31857/s102694520024304-5
Petr Yu. Naumov
Like all mankind, law and the state as social phenomena and institutions are entering a new, non-equilibrium and dynamic phase of their development. The dynamics of this development clearly demonstrates several interconnected trends. These tendencies include: expansion of global integration processes with deepening contradictions between states and social groups; demolition of consolidated international legal norms; strengthening the role of the military component of International Law and its use in the implementation of global politics; an increase in the threat of global shocks (epidemics, wars, local conflicts, famine and energy crisis). Humanity is at the point of bifurcation, when the desire to satisfy the greedy interests or pathological needs of individual subjects can throw civilization into the darkness of the cruel past, where the “right of equal” and “the right of the legal” will be replaced by the “right of the strong”. Intellectual and intelligent social strata in the indicated conditions are called upon to form theoretical and methodological springboards to counter new negative trends, challenges and threats. One of the forms of such work is the preparation and publication of scientific works that reveal the opposite side of the barbaric way of being - law and values. Through the knowledge of law and social values, as well as the values of law, the evolutionary and civilization path of modern mankind is clearly demonstrated. In this aspect, the book “State and law: human rights and the world order based on the Rule of Law”, published in three volumes, is a clear example of how to resolve these contradictions. The authors present in the article their own reflections on the value concepts of the publication. These arguments are given from the socio-philosophical and psychological points of view. The axiological characteristics embedded in the book and the value-semantic premises addressed to the potential reader are consistently highlighted.
与全人类一样,法律和国家作为社会现象和制度正在进入一个新的、不平衡的、动态的发展阶段。这一动态发展清楚地表明了几个相互关联的趋势。这些趋势包括:全球一体化进程不断扩大,国家与社会群体之间的矛盾不断加深;破坏统一的国际法律规范;加强国际法军事部分的作用及其在执行全球政治中的运用;全球冲击(流行病、战争、地方冲突、饥荒和能源危机)的威胁增加。人类正处在分叉点上,满足个体主体贪婪利益或病态需要的欲望会把文明抛入残酷过去的黑暗,“平等的权利”和“合法的权利”将被“强者的权利”所取代。在上述条件下,要求知识分子和聪明的社会阶层形成理论和方法的跳板,以应对新的消极趋势、挑战和威胁。这种工作的形式之一是编写和出版科学著作,这些著作揭示了野蛮存在方式的另一面——法律和价值观。通过对法律和社会价值观的认识,以及对法律价值观的认识,清晰地展示了现代人类的进化和文明之路。在这方面,三卷本出版的《国家与法律:基于法治的人权与世界秩序》一书,就是如何解决这些矛盾的清晰范例。作者在文章中提出了自己对刊物价值观念的思考。这些论点是从社会哲学和心理学的角度给出的。书中嵌入的价值论特征和针对潜在读者的价值语义前提始终得到强调。
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引用次数: 0
On some directions of harmonization of legislation in the sphere of health protection of children studying in general educational organizations in the context of the inclusion into the Russian Federation of new subjects 在将新学科纳入俄罗斯联邦的背景下,在普通教育机构学习的儿童健康保护领域协调立法的一些方向
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.31857/s102694520027664-1
Liliya V. Borisova
Based on the analysis of federal laws and by-laws of the Russian Federation and its new subjects, the article outlines certain areas for harmonizing legislation in the field of protecting the health of children studying in educational institutions. The necessity of mono-subject, inter-object and hierarchical static harmonization of normative legal acts in this direction is shown in order to adapt to the existing realities and ensure the consistency and stability necessary for law enforcement practice.
根据对俄罗斯联邦联邦法律和细则及其新主题的分析,本文概述了在保护教育机构学习儿童健康领域协调立法的某些领域。为了适应现有的现实,确保执法实践所必需的一致性和稳定性,在这一方向上显示了规范性法律行为单主体、客体间和分层静态协调的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Moral and psychological foundations of the special military operation in Ukraine and the criminal liability of Ukrainian Neo-Nazis for crimes against the peace and security of mankind 乌克兰特别军事行动的道德和心理基础以及乌克兰新纳粹分子对危害人类和平与安全罪行的刑事责任
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.31857/s102694520027737-1
Valerii V. Melnik
In the article, using the methodology of system analysis an integrated approach using the ethical concepts of good and evil and other categories of general and professional ethics, the moral and psychological foundations of the special military operation in Ukraine and the criminal liability of Ukrainian neo-Nazis, their NATO accomplices for crimes against the peace and security of mankind are considered. By implementing this special military operation, Russia is acting on the side of Good, as evidenced by the humanistic orientation of this method of warfare to protect people from genocide and other crimes against the peace and security of mankind committed by the neo-Nazi Kiev political regime acting on the side of world evil and its Western allies - NATO countries led by the United States of America, arming Ukrainian neo-Nazis and their Western mercenaries with modern lethal weapons. The fact that Russia is acting on the side of Good and not evil in this armed struggle is also evidenced by the humane style of this special operation, during which Russian servicemen show not only humanism, but also patriotism, courage, courage and heroism. For our servicemen acting on the side of Good, these high moral and psychological qualities in extreme situations of a special military operation are manifested in inseparable unity with noble rage and reasonable determination, which in a combat situation act as a kind of spiritual catalysts that ensure the manifestation of genuine courage, courage, heroism and patriotism in the behavior of sane people.
在本文中,采用系统分析的方法,综合运用善与恶的伦理概念和其他类别的一般道德和职业道德,乌克兰特别军事行动的道德和心理基础以及乌克兰新纳粹分子的刑事责任,他们的北约共犯危害人类和平与安全的罪行进行了考虑。通过实施这一特殊的军事行动,俄罗斯站在了正义的一边,正如这种战争方法的人道主义取向所证明的那样,以保护人民免受新纳粹基辅政治政权犯下的种族灭绝和其他危害人类和平与安全的罪行。新纳粹政权站在了世界邪恶的一边,它的西方盟友——以美利坚合众国为首的北约国家,用现代致命武器武装乌克兰新纳粹分子及其西方雇佣军。俄罗斯在这场武装斗争中是站在正义而不是邪恶的一边,这一事实也从这次特别行动的人道主义风格中得到了证明,在这次行动中,俄罗斯军人不仅表现出人道主义,而且表现出爱国主义、勇气、勇气和英雄主义。对于我们的军人来说,在特殊军事行动的极端情况下,这些高尚的道德和心理素质表现为高尚的愤怒和合理的决心的不可分割的统一,在战斗情况下,这是一种精神催化剂,确保在正常人的行为中表现出真正的勇气、勇气、英雄主义和爱国主义。
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引用次数: 0
V.S. Nersesyants as a philosopher of law: from Soviet to Post-Soviet v·s·涅赛桑斯作为法律哲学家:从苏联到后苏联
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.31857/s102694520027731-5
Alexander N. Savenkov
The article analyzes the philosophical and legal ideas and ideas of the famous scientist, thinker, jurist of the last quarter of the XX - beginning of the XXI century, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences V.S. Nersesyants. The ideas of ancient philosophers and representatives of the German transcendental-idealistic philosophy had a great influence on the formation and evolution of his legal views, the concept of jurisprudence formulated by him. In this regard, the comparison of his legal views with the ideas of Hegel’s Philosophy of Law, taking into account both dissertations of V.S. Nersesyants, is quite traditional for connoisseurs of the concept of jurisprudence of our contemporary. However, as the experience of a more detailed and in-depth analysis shows, interesting points of similarity of his legal ideas and the nature of their justification are also connected with other representatives of the German intellectual and philosophical culture of discussing the main problems of law and jurisprudence. Understanding the nature of successive and new aspects in the system of legal views of V.S. Nersesyants can serve as a basis for the development of his legal views in modern topical and prospective studies. The article offers some significant clarifications of the content and nature of the philosophical and legal heritage of V.S. Nersesyants, traces the connections of his concept of jurisprudence with the ideas of not only Hegelian philosophy, but also the teachings of other legal philosophers, as well as the later ideas of the neo-Kantian lawyer R. Stammler, the interpretation of law in the “Pure Doctrine of Law” of the Kantian G. Memel, and not only G. Kelsen, which allows us to present the theory of law of V.S. Nersesyants as an original version of this doctrine. The study also demonstrates that the concept of justice in the Philosophy of Law of V.S. Nersesyants has remained one of the unexplained, and promising studies of the foundations of social theory in the doctrine of civilization are also indicated.
本文分析了20世纪最后25年至21世纪初著名科学家、思想家、法学家、俄罗斯科学院院士V.S.涅尔赛扬斯的哲学和法律思想。古代哲学家的思想和德国先验唯心主义哲学的代表人物对他的法理学概念的形成和演变产生了很大的影响。在这方面,将他的法律观点与黑格尔的法哲学思想进行比较,考虑到v.s.n ersesyants的两篇论文,对于我们当代法律学概念的鉴赏家来说是相当传统的。然而,正如更详细和深入分析的经验所显示的那样,他的法律思想及其辩护性质的有趣相似点也与德国知识和哲学文化的其他代表讨论法律和法学的主要问题有关。了解尼塞桑斯法律观点体系中连续的和新的方面的本质,可以作为他的法律观点在现代专题和前瞻性研究中发展的基础。本文对涅尔赛桑斯的哲学和法律遗产的内容和性质进行了一些有意义的澄清,追溯了他的法理学概念与黑格尔哲学思想的联系,以及其他法律哲学家的教导,以及新康德主义律师R. Stammler的后期思想,康德主义的G. Memel的“纯粹法律学说”中的法律解释,不仅是G. Kelsen,这使我们能够将V.S.奈赛桑斯的法律理论作为这一学说的原始版本。该研究还表明,v.s.n ersesyants的法律哲学中的正义概念仍然是一个无法解释的概念,并且还指出了文明学说中社会理论基础的有前途的研究。
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引用次数: 0
Theoretical and legal science: a modern approach 理论与法学:一种现代方法
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.31857/s102694520027732-6
Vyacheslav N. Zhukov
The article reveals a new approach to the understanding of theoretical and legal science. It is argued that the theory of state and law was originally formed as a complex discipline that includes at least four components: historical, philosophical, sociological, dogmatic. The article analyzes three main components: dogmatic, sociological, philosophical. It is argued that each component of the theoretical and legal science (dogma of law, Sociology of Law, Philosophy of Law) has its own subject and its own methodology. The specific features of social science (including legal science), its subject and methods are indicated
这篇文章揭示了一种理解理论和法学的新途径。有人认为,国家与法律理论最初是作为一门复杂的学科形成的,它至少包括四个组成部分:历史、哲学、社会学和教条。本文分析了三个主要组成部分:教条主义、社会学、哲学。有人认为,理论和法学的每个组成部分(法教条、法社会学、法哲学)都有自己的主题和方法论。指出了社会科学(包括法学)的特点、研究对象和研究方法
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引用次数: 0
The Russian constitutionalism in the framework of new geopolitical environment: milestones and vectors 新地缘政治环境框架下的俄罗斯宪政:里程碑与载体
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.31857/s102694520027638-2
Nikolay M. Dobrynin
The paper contains the analysis of the key, as for author’s opinion, milestones and vectors for the development of the Russian Statehood and constitutionalism in the context of the rapidly changed geopolitical conditions. There are indicated for the visible perspective some of the most significant points of effort application within the perimeter of domestic (national) affairs for the government and society: the refuse of neoliberal approaches to the meaning of the supremacy of Law and the construction of the Rule of Law State based on the social equity; the change of economic paradigm by means of substitution of the consumption economics by the creative and axiological saturated environment of people’s economy; caretaking on people in the context of complex decisions for the all-range tasks of people’s moral and dignity growth as well as of the sense of civic duty development.
本文分析了在快速变化的地缘政治条件下,俄罗斯国家和宪政发展的关键,以及作者的观点、里程碑和载体。从可见的角度来看,政府和社会在国内(国家)事务范围内的一些最重要的努力点是:拒绝新自由主义对法律至上意义的理解和基于社会公平的法治国家的建设;以创造性的、价值论饱和的人民经济环境代替消费经济,实现经济范式的转变;在复杂决策的背景下照顾人,以实现人的道德和尊严成长以及公民责任感发展的全方位任务。
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引用次数: 0
Criminal law enforcement of the state contract (According to the Code on Criminal and Correctional Punishments of 1845) 国家合同的刑事执法(根据1845年《刑事和惩教法典》)
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.31857/s102694520027233-7
Artem V. Ovcharov
The article is devoted to the history of the regulation of relations in the field, which is now called procurement for state and municipal needs, as well as the history of liability for various abuses in this area in domestic legislation. According to the Code of Criminal and Correctional Punishments of 1845, the author classifies and examines in detail the compositions providing for liability for both corrupt manifestations in procurement activities and for violation of procurement procedures. On the basis of the above, the author the conclusion is formulated on the development of lawmaking in the field of countering violations in procurement activities.
这篇文章专门论述了这一领域的关系管理的历史,即现在被称为国家和市政需要的采购,以及国内立法中这一领域各种滥用行为的责任历史。根据1845年的《刑事和惩教法典》,作者对规定采购活动中的腐败表现和违反采购程序的责任的构成进行了详细的分类和审查。在此基础上,笔者对打击采购活动中的违法行为领域的立法发展进行了总结。
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引用次数: 0
Prospects for the development of Russia’s criminal law policy: the search for the real model 俄罗斯刑法政策发展展望:寻找现实模式
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.31857/s102694520027228-1
Alexander I. Korobeev
The article describes the state of modern criminal law policy in Russia, substantiates the need to develop, adopt and consolidate in the relevant normative document the conceptual foundations of the policy of the Russian Federation in the field of combating crime, as well as the creation of the Doctrine of Criminal Law as a basis and guideline for legislative work, law enforcement practice, scientific research in the field of combating crime. and carrying out organizational and institutional changes, the goals, objectives and content of the Doctrine are disclosed.
本文阐述了俄罗斯现代刑法政策的现状,阐述了在相关规范性文件中发展、采纳和巩固俄罗斯联邦打击犯罪政策概念基础的必要性,以及建立刑法学说作为打击犯罪领域立法工作、执法实践和科学研究的依据和指导方针的必要性。进行组织机构改革,揭示了宗旨、宗旨和内容。
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引用次数: 0
Interaction between judicial discretion and methods of interpretation in the case-law of courts of integration associations 司法自由裁量权与综合协会法院判例法解释方法的互动
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.31857/s102694520027269-6
Ekterina B. Diyachenko
A key element of judicial activity appears to be judicial discretion, which is used to fill legal gaps in integration organisations. The exercise of judicial discretion leads to the formulation by an integration organization court of activist legal findings based on the interpretation of the applicable law and recourse to the generally recognised principles and regulations of international law. The Court reveals the “implied” rule of an integration legal order on the basis of the teleological method of interpretation which predefines the special charachteristics of the legal argumentation. The limits of judicial discretion are formed by the goals pursued by the integration legal order including the general thrust of the international agreements on achieving integration between states as well as protecting the fundamental rights and freedoms.
司法活动的一个关键要素似乎是司法自由裁量权,它被用来填补一体化组织中的法律空白。司法自由裁量权的行使导致一体化组织法院根据对适用法律的解释和诉诸普遍公认的国际法原则和规则,制定积极的法律结论。法院在目的论解释方法的基础上揭示了一体化法律秩序的“隐含”规则,目的论解释方法预先定义了法律论证的特殊性。司法自由裁量权的限制是由一体化法律秩序所追求的目标形成的,包括实现国家间一体化以及保护基本权利和自由的国际协定的总体主旨。
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引用次数: 0
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Государство и право
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