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Thinking and Feeling through Mobile Media and Communication: A Review of Cognitive and Affective Implications 移动媒体与传播中的思考与感受:认知与情感含义综述
IF 2.5 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.12840/issn.2255-4165.031
M. Ross, Scott W. Campbell
In recent decades, mobile media and communication have become integral to human psychology, including how people think and feel. Although the popular press, parents, and educators often voice concerns about the integration of mobile media into everyday life (e.g., “smartphone addiction”), the growing body of scholarship in this area offers a mix of positive, negative, and conditional effects of mobile media use. This review article traverses this variegated scholarship by assembling cognitive and affective implications of mobile media and communication. It identifies information processing, offloading, spatial cognition, habit, attention, and phantom vibrations as cognitive themes, and feelings of pleasure, stress/anxiety, safety/security, connectedness, and control as affective themes. Along the way, it helps bring structure to this growing and interdisciplinary area of scholarship, ground psychological work on mobile media in theorizing on technological embedding, inform academic and public debates, and identify opportunities for future research.
近几十年来,移动媒体和通信已经成为人类心理的一部分,包括人们如何思考和感受。尽管大众媒体、家长和教育工作者经常表达对移动媒体融入日常生活的担忧(例如,“智能手机成瘾”),但这一领域越来越多的学者提出了移动媒体使用的积极、消极和条件影响。这篇综述文章通过整合移动媒体和通信的认知和情感含义来遍历这一多样化的学术研究。它将信息处理、卸载、空间认知、习惯、注意力和幻像振动确定为认知主题,将愉悦感、压力/焦虑、安全/保障、连通性和控制确定为情感主题。在此过程中,它有助于为这个不断增长的跨学科学术领域带来结构,为移动媒体的心理学工作奠定了技术嵌入理论的基础,为学术和公共辩论提供信息,并确定未来研究的机会。
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引用次数: 7
Communicative Functions in Human-Computer Interface Design: A Taxonomy of Functional Animation 人机界面设计中的交流功能:功能动画的分类
IF 2.5 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.12840/issn.2255-4165.030
Raquel Avila-Munoz, Jorge Clemente-Mediavilla, Perez-Luque Perez-Luque
Whenever a user performs a task or communicates via their computer or device, they are guided by visual cues to interact successfully with the interface. This human-computer interaction is, therefore, mediated by the communication established between designer and user through the texts, graphic elements, and animations that make up the visual design of the interface. Animation is an element of visual language of the graphical elements of an interface. This study aims to establish the functions of animation. We reviewed the literature and discussed the shortcomings identified in the existing taxonomies of functional animation. We then proposed an updated classification, partly inspired by the functions presented in Jakobson’s communication model. Based on a content analysis of the design guidelines from the leading mobile phone developers and comparing these sources, we propose the following list of categories: Identifying, Structural, Guide, Feedback, Didactic, Esthetic, and Emotive. This new taxonomy aims to contribute to the theoretical frameworks used in visual communication when studying interface design. It will be useful, for example, to help detect, classify, and assess the appropriateness of animations based on the functions they provide to an interface.
每当用户通过计算机或设备执行任务或进行通信时,他们都会受到视觉提示的引导,从而成功地与界面进行交互。因此,这种人机交互是由设计师和用户之间通过文本、图形元素和动画建立的沟通来调解的,这些沟通构成了界面的视觉设计。动画是界面图形元素中视觉语言的一种元素。本研究旨在确立动画的功能。我们回顾了文献,并讨论了在现有的功能性动画分类中发现的缺点。然后,我们提出了一个更新的分类,部分灵感来自雅各布森的通信模型中提出的功能。基于对领先手机开发者的设计指南的内容分析,并比较这些来源,我们提出了以下类别列表:识别,结构,指导,反馈,教学,美学和情感。这个新的分类旨在为研究界面设计时视觉传达中使用的理论框架做出贡献。例如,它可以根据动画为界面提供的功能来帮助检测、分类和评估动画的适当性。
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引用次数: 2
Communication Strategies to Improve Medication Adherence: A Systematic Review of Literature 提高药物依从性的沟通策略:文献的系统回顾
IF 2.5 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.12840/issn.2255-4165.029
K. Maki, K. Harris
Less than optimal medication adherence is a persisting issue among many patient groups, resulting in poorer health outcomes along with increased strain on financial and time resources. However, communication strategies employed by clinicians may offer a simple, cost-effective method for improving medication adherence and health outcomes. We conducted a review of literature that rendered search results from seven databases, resulting in 1,513 abstracts. A final sample of 44 studies was included to compare the effectiveness of communication-based adherence strategies among various health conditions. After reviewing the full text of included studies, we organized communication strategies into four categories: patient reminders, collaborative communication, patient education, and counseling strategies. Although all of the strategies indicated some level of success, studies examining patient education components showed the most promise both in generalizability and results. This review’s results indicate that a need remains for quantitative research examining the effectiveness of these strategies to increase medical adherence.
在许多患者群体中,不理想的药物依从性是一个持续存在的问题,导致健康结果较差,同时增加了财政和时间资源的压力。然而,临床医生采用的沟通策略可能为改善药物依从性和健康结果提供一种简单、成本效益高的方法。我们对来自7个数据库的文献检索结果进行了综述,得到了1513篇摘要。最后纳入44个研究样本,比较基于沟通的坚持策略在不同健康状况下的有效性。在回顾纳入研究的全文后,我们将沟通策略分为四类:患者提醒、协作沟通、患者教育和咨询策略。虽然所有的策略都显示出一定程度的成功,但检查患者教育成分的研究显示,在普遍性和结果方面,最有希望。本综述的结果表明,仍然需要进行定量研究,检查这些策略的有效性,以增加医疗依从性。
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引用次数: 1
Reconceptualizing Cognitive Media Effects Theory and Research Under the Judged Usability Model 判断可用性模型下的认知媒介效应理论与研究
IF 2.5 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-01-31 DOI: 10.12840/ISSN.2255-4165.022
Byunggu Lee, D. McLeod
This review synthesizes the existing literature on cognitive media effects, including agenda setting, framing, and priming, in order to identify their similarities, differences, and inherent commonalities. Based on this review, we argue that the theory and research on each of these cognitive effects share a common view that media affect audience members by influencing the relative importance of considerations used to make subsequent judgments (including their answers to post-exposure survey questions). In reviewing this literature, we note that one important factor is often ignored, the extent to which a consideration featured in the message is deemed usable for a given subsequent judgment, a factor called judged usability, which may be an important mediator of cognitive media effects like agenda setting, framing, and priming. Emphasizing judged usability leads to the revelation that media coverage may not just elevate a particular consideration, but may also actively suppress a consideration, rendering it less usable for subsequent judgments. Thus, it opens a new avenue for cognitive effects research. In the interest of integrating these strands of cognitive effects research, we propose the Judged Usability Model as a revision of past cognitive models.
这篇综述综合了现有的关于认知媒体效应的文献,包括议程设置、框架和启动,以确定它们的相似性、差异性和内在共性。基于这篇综述,我们认为,关于每一种认知效应的理论和研究都有一个共同的观点,即媒体通过影响用于做出后续判断的考虑因素的相对重要性(包括他们对曝光后调查问题的回答)来影响受众。在回顾这些文献时,我们注意到一个重要因素经常被忽视,即信息中的考虑在多大程度上被认为可用于给定的后续判断,这一因素被称为判断可用性,它可能是认知媒体效应的重要中介,如议程设置、框架和启动。强调判断的可用性会揭示出,媒体报道不仅可能提升某个特定的考虑因素,还可能主动抑制某个考虑因素,使其不太适用于后续判断。从而为认知效应的研究开辟了一条新的途径。为了整合这些认知效应研究,我们提出了判断可用性模型,作为对过去认知模型的修正。
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引用次数: 4
What the differences in conflict between online and face-to-face work groups mean for hybrid groups: A state-of-the-art review 在线和面对面工作小组之间冲突的差异对混合小组意味着什么:最先进的审查
IF 2.5 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-01-26 DOI: 10.12840/ISSN.2255-4165.023
Jessica A. Kahlow, Hanna Klecka, Erin K. Ruppel
Conflict has been a topic widely studied in communication and management studies literature. How groups handle conflict can affect group performance, satisfaction, and commitment (Martínez-Moreno, González-Navarro, Zornoza, & Ripoll, 2009; Pazos, 2012; Staples & Webster, 2007; Workman, 2007). Much of this literature focuses on online, task-oriented work groups, and how these groups differ from face-to-face (F2F) groups. However, hybrid groups (i.e., those that work both F2F and online) are increasingly common. To better understand conflict in hybrid groups, we review 68 articles regarding online, hybrid, and F2F groups that highlight the differences between F2F and online groups and consider what these differences mean for hybrid groups. In doing so, we identify several emergent themes related to how conflict is managed in online and hybrid groups. The literature suggests that there are many benefits to online and hybrid groups, such as the ability to assemble more diverse teams and work asynchronously, but that conflict is also more common in online than F2F groups. Strong norms and leadership behaviors that encourage trust and cohesion appear to reduce conflict and its effects on group performance and decision making, especially in online groups. These findings suggest that in hybrid groups, F2F meetings might be used to quickly establish group norms, trust, and cohesion, which can then improve online group interactions. However, more research is needed to understand how conflict occurs and is managed in hybrid groups. Future communication research should focus on examining conflict management in hybrid groups using computer-mediated communication perspectives.
冲突是传播学和管理学文献中广泛研究的一个话题。群体如何处理冲突会影响群体绩效、满意度和承诺(Martínez-Moreno, González-Navarro, Zornoza, & Ripoll, 2009;Pazos, 2012;史泰博,2007;工人,2007)。这些文献大多关注在线的、以任务为导向的工作组,以及这些工作组与面对面(F2F)工作组的不同之处。然而,混合型团体(即既能在线工作又能在线工作的团体)越来越普遍。为了更好地理解混合群体中的冲突,我们回顾了68篇关于在线、混合和F2F群体的文章,这些文章强调了F2F和在线群体之间的差异,并考虑了这些差异对混合群体的意义。在此过程中,我们确定了几个与如何在在线和混合群体中管理冲突相关的新兴主题。文献表明,在线和混合团队有很多好处,比如能够组建更多样化的团队和异步工作,但这种冲突在在线团队中也比在F2F团队中更常见。鼓励信任和凝聚力的强有力的规范和领导行为似乎可以减少冲突及其对团队绩效和决策的影响,特别是在在线团队中。这些发现表明,在混合群体中,F2F会议可以用来快速建立群体规范、信任和凝聚力,从而改善在线群体互动。然而,需要更多的研究来了解在混合群体中冲突是如何发生和管理的。未来的传播研究应侧重于使用计算机媒介传播的视角来研究混合群体的冲突管理。
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引用次数: 6
Running as a Woman (or Man): A Review of Research on Political Communicators and Gender Stereotypes 以女性(或男性)身份参选:政治传播者与性别刻板印象研究综述
IF 2.5 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-01-31 DOI: 10.12840/ISSN.2255-4165.020
K. Winfrey, James M. Schnoebelen
Women gained the right to vote nearly 100 years ago, but it was not until 1980 that political scholars and practitioners began paying much attention to the role of women in elections and it was the so-called “Year of the Woman” in 1992 that sparked increased scholarly attention on women as political communicators. A record number of women, 117, ran for the U.S. Congress in 1992, but the number of women running and serving has been slow to increases since that time. One reason may be the unique challenges gender poses for female political communicators. Over three decades of research has proven gender stereotypes and expectations play a key role in how women (and men) communicate with voters. This review of research summarizes major findings and changes in gender and political communication research over the past three decades. Our focus is on communication by candidates and how gender shapes that communication. In all, 119 scholarly sources were reviewed; these sources included scholarly journals from related disciplines as well as books. Gender stereotypes in political communication have also been studied using a variety of methodologies, and to reflect that the research reviewed in this essay include both quantitative and qualitative methods. This summary of existing research includes a discussion of the gender stereotypes faced by candidates and how candidates present themselves to the public in light of these stereotypes.
近100年前,妇女获得了选举权,但直到1980年,政治学者和从业者才开始高度关注妇女在选举中的作用,1992年的所谓“妇女年”引发了学术界对妇女作为政治传播者的更多关注。1992年,117名女性竞选美国国会议员,创下了历史新高,但自那时以来,竞选和任职的女性人数增长缓慢。其中一个原因可能是性别对女性政治传播者构成的独特挑战。三十多年的研究证明,性别陈规定型观念和期望在女性(和男性)与选民沟通的方式中发挥着关键作用。这篇研究综述总结了过去三十年来性别和政治传播研究的主要发现和变化。我们的重点是候选人的沟通以及性别如何影响沟通。总共审查了119个学术来源;这些资料包括相关学科的学术期刊以及书籍。政治传播中的性别刻板印象也使用了各种方法进行了研究,以反映本文所回顾的研究包括定量和定性方法。现有研究的摘要包括对候选人面临的性别陈规定型观念的讨论,以及候选人如何根据这些陈规定型观念向公众展示自己。
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引用次数: 9
Communicating Uncertainty During Public Health Emergency Events: A Systematic Review 突发公共卫生事件中沟通不确定性:系统综述
IF 2.5 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.12840/ISSN.2255-4165.019
P. Sopory, Ashleigh M. Day, J. Novak, Kenneth David Eckert, Lillian Wilkins, D. Padgett, J. Noyes, Fatima Barakji, Juan Liu, Beth N. Fowler, Javier Guzman-Barcenas, Anna Nagayko, J. J. Nickell, Damecia Donahue, K. Daniels, T. Allen, Nyka Alexander, Marsha L. Vanderford, G. Gamhewage
To answer the question, What are the best ways to communicate uncertainties to public audiences, at-risk communities, and stakeholders during public health emergency events? we conducted a systematic review of published studies, grey literature, and media reports in English and other United Nations (UN) languages: Arabic, Chinese, French, Russian, and Spanish. Almost 11,500 titles and abstracts were scanned of which 46 data-based primary studies were selected, which were classified into four methodological streams: Quantitative-comparison groups; Quantitative-descriptive survey; Qualitative; and Mixed-method and case-study. Study characteristics (study method, country, emergency type, emergency phase, at-risk population) and study findings (in narrative form) were extracted from individual studies. The findings were synthesized within methodological streams and evaluated for certainty and confidence. These within-method findings were next synthesized across methodological streams to develop an overarching synthesis of findings. The findings showed that country coverage focused on high and middle-income countries in Asia, Europe, North America, and Oceania, and the event most covered was infectious disease followed by flood and earthquake. The findings also showed that uncertainty during public health emergency events is a multi-faceted concept with multiple components (e.g., event occurrence, personal and family safety, recovery efforts). There is universal agreement, with some exceptions, that communication to the public should include explicit information about event uncertainties, and this information must be consistent and presented in an easy to understand format. Additionally, uncertainty related to events requires a distinction between uncertainty information and uncertainty experience. At-risk populations experience event uncertainty in the context of many other uncertainties they are already experiencing in their lives due to poverty. Experts, policymakers, healthcare workers, and other stakeholders experience event uncertainty and misunderstand some uncertainty information (e.g., event probabilities) similar to the public. Media professionals provide event coverage under conditions of contradictory and inconsistent event information that can heighten uncertainty experience for all.
在突发公共卫生事件期间,向公众受众、风险社区和利益攸关方传达不确定性的最佳方式是什么?我们对英语和其他联合国语言(阿拉伯文、中文、法文、俄文和西班牙文)的已发表研究、灰色文献和媒体报道进行了系统回顾。扫描了近11500个标题和摘要,从中选择了46个基于数据的初级研究,这些研究分为四个方法流:定量比较组;Quantitative-descriptive调查;定性的;混合方法和案例研究。研究特征(研究方法、国家、紧急情况类型、紧急情况阶段、高危人群)和研究结果(以叙述形式)是从个别研究中提取的。研究结果在方法流中进行了综合,并对其确定性和置信度进行了评估。接下来,这些方法内的发现被跨方法流合成,以形成一个总体的发现综合。调查结果显示,国家覆盖主要集中在亚洲、欧洲、北美和大洋洲的高收入和中等收入国家,报道最多的事件是传染病,其次是洪水和地震。调查结果还表明,突发公共卫生事件期间的不确定性是一个多方面的概念,包含多个组成部分(例如,事件发生、个人和家庭安全、恢复工作)。普遍的共识是,除了一些例外,向公众传达的信息应该包括关于事件不确定性的明确信息,这些信息必须是一致的,并以易于理解的格式呈现。此外,与事件相关的不确定性要求区分不确定性信息和不确定性经验。风险人群在经历事件不确定性的同时,他们的生活中由于贫困已经经历了许多其他不确定性。专家、政策制定者、卫生保健工作者和其他利益相关者经历事件的不确定性,并对一些不确定性信息(如事件概率)产生类似于公众的误解。媒体专业人员在事件信息相互矛盾和不一致的情况下提供事件报道,这可能会增加所有人的不确定性体验。
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引用次数: 23
How Stereotypes Are Shared Through Language: A Review and Introduction of the Social Categories and Stereotypes Communication (SCSC) Framework 刻板印象如何通过语言共享:社会类别和刻板印象传播(SCSC)框架的回顾与介绍
IF 2.5 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.12840/ISSN.2255-4165.017
Camiel J. Beukeboom, C. Burgers
Language use plays a crucial role in the consensualization of stereotypes within cultural groups. Based on an integrative review of the literature on stereotyping and biased language use, we propose the Social Categories and Stereotypes Communication (SCSC) framework. The framework integrates largely independent areas of literature and explicates the linguistic processes through which social-category stereotypes are shared and maintained. We distinguish two groups of biases in language use that jointly feed and maintain three fundamental cognitive variables in (shared) social-category cognition: perceived category entitativity, stereotype content, and perceived essentialism of associated stereotypic characteristics. These are: (1) Biases in linguistic labels used to denote categories, within which we discuss biases in (a) label content and (b) linguistic form of labels; (2) Biases in describing behaviors and characteristics of categorized individuals, within which we discuss biases in (a) communication content (i.e., what information is communicated), and (b) linguistic form of descriptions (i.e., how is information formulated). Together, these biases create a self-perpetuating cycle in which social-category stereotypes are shared and maintained. The framework allows for a better understanding of stereotype maintaining biases in natural language. We discuss various opportunities for further research.
语言的使用在文化群体中刻板印象的共识化中起着至关重要的作用。在对刻板印象和偏见语言使用相关文献进行综合分析的基础上,作者提出了社会类别和刻板印象交际框架。该框架整合了很大程度上独立的文学领域,并阐明了社会类别刻板印象被共享和维持的语言过程。我们区分了语言使用中的两组偏见,这两组偏见共同提供并维持(共享)社会类别认知中的三个基本认知变量:感知类别实体性、刻板印象内容和相关刻板印象特征的感知本质主义。它们是:(1)用于表示类别的语言标签的偏差,其中我们讨论了(a)标签内容和(b)标签的语言形式的偏差;(2)描述被分类个体的行为和特征的偏差,其中我们讨论了(a)传播内容(即传播了什么信息)和(b)描述的语言形式(即如何制定信息)方面的偏差。总之,这些偏见创造了一个自我延续的循环,在这个循环中,社会类别的刻板印象被分享和维持。该框架允许更好地理解自然语言中的刻板印象维护偏见。我们讨论了进一步研究的各种机会。
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引用次数: 71
Reviewing Media Literacy Intervention Studies for Validity 媒介素养干预研究的效度回顾
IF 2.5 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.12840/ISSN.2255-4165.018
W. Potter, C. Thai
This study is an examination of validity in published articles that have provided tests of the effectiveness of media literacy interventions. We identified 88 published tests of media literacy interventions then analyzed their content using five coding variables that indicated the degree to which authors of those studies established basic validity. We first conducted a meaning analysis to identify the definitions that authors of those studies presented for media literacy. Then we used those definitions to determine the extent to which those authors provided a complete (content validity) and accurate (face validity) operationalization in the design of their measures.
本研究是对已发表文章的有效性进行检验,这些文章提供了媒体素养干预措施有效性的测试。我们确定了88个已发表的媒体素养干预测试,然后使用五个编码变量分析了它们的内容,这些变量表明了这些研究的作者建立基本效度的程度。我们首先进行了意义分析,以确定这些研究的作者对媒体素养的定义。然后,我们使用这些定义来确定这些作者在其测量设计中提供完整(内容效度)和准确(面效度)操作化的程度。
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引用次数: 15
期刊
Review of Communication Research
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