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Thickness distribution of Boolean functions in 4 and 5 variables and a comparison with other cryptographic properties 4变量和5变量布尔函数的厚度分布及其与其他密码学性质的比较
IF 0.3 Q4 Mathematics Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.33039/ami.2020.10.004
Mathias Hopp, Pål Ellingsen, Constanza Riera, P. Stănică
This paper explores the distribution of algebraic thickness of Boolean functions (that is, the minimum number of terms in the ANF of the functions in the orbit of a Boolean function, through all affine transformations), in four and five variables, and the complete distribution is presented. Additionally, a complete analysis of some complexity properties (e.g., nonlinearity, balancedness, etc.) of all relevant orbits of Boolean functions is presented. Some properties of our notion of rigid function (which enabled us to reduce significantly the computation) are shown and some open questions are proposed, providing some further explanation of one of these questions.
本文探讨了布尔函数在四变量和五变量下的代数厚度分布(即布尔函数轨道上经过所有仿射变换的函数的ANF中的最小项数),并给出了完整的分布。此外,还完整地分析了布尔函数所有相关轨道的一些复杂性(如非线性、平衡性等)。本文给出了刚性函数概念的一些性质(使我们能够大大减少计算量),并提出了一些悬而未决的问题,对其中一个问题提供了一些进一步的解释。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of colony formation dataset of simulated cell cultures 模拟细胞培养集落形成数据集的评估
IF 0.3 Q4 Mathematics Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.33039/ami.2020.07.010
D. Kiss, Gábor Kertész, Máté Jaskó, S. Szénási, A. Lovrics, Z. Vámossy
In vitro biological experiments and in silico individual-based computational models are widely used to understand the low-level behavior of cells and cellular functions. Many of these functions can not be directly observed, however, may be deduced from other properties that can be well measured and modeled. In this paper, we present a procedure to evaluate synthetic cell colony formation generated by an off-lattice individual-based model. The calculated shape features of the artificial cell aggregates can be related to the parameter values of the simulated agents, therefore this data can be used to quantify properties of real-life cells such as motility or binding affinity that can not be easily determined otherwise. Our experiments showed that only a few of these parameters are responsible for the difference in shape features of the colonies.
体外生物实验和基于计算机个体的计算模型被广泛用于理解细胞的低级行为和细胞功能。这些函数中有许多不能直接观察到,但是可以从可以很好地测量和建模的其他性质中推断出来。在本文中,我们提出了一个程序来评估合成细胞集落形成产生的非晶格个体为基础的模型。计算出的人造细胞聚集体的形状特征可以与模拟试剂的参数值相关,因此该数据可用于量化现实细胞的特性,如运动性或结合亲和力,否则不容易确定。我们的实验表明,这些参数中只有少数几个是造成菌落形状特征差异的原因。
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引用次数: 0
Performance evaluation of finite-source Cognitive Radio Networks with impatient customers 具有不耐烦客户的有限源认知无线网络性能评价
IF 0.3 Q4 Mathematics Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.33039/ami.2020.07.004
M. Zaghouani, J. Sztrik
The current paper takes into consideration a cognitive radio network with impatient customers, by the help of finite-source retrial queueing system. We consider two different types of customers (Primary and Secondary) assigned to two interconnected frequency bands. A first frequency band with a priority queue and a second one with an orbit, both are respectively dedicated for the Primary Users (PUs) and Secondary Users (SUs). In case the servers are busy, both customers (Licensed and Unlicensed) join either the queue or the orbit. Before joining the orbit, secondary customers receive a random retrial time according to Exponential distribution, which is the holding time before the next retry. Unlicensed users (impatient) are obliged to leave the system once their total waiting time exceeds a given maximum waiting time. The novelty of this work is the investigation of the abandonment and its impact on several performance measures of the system such as the mean response time and waiting time of users, probability of abandonment of SU, etc. Several figures illustrate the problem in question by the help of simulation.
本文利用有限源重新排队系统,研究了具有不耐烦顾客的认知无线电网络。我们考虑分配给两个相互连接的频带的两种不同类型的客户(主要和次要)。带优先级队列的第一个频带和带轨道的第二个频带分别专用于主用户(pu)和辅助用户(su)。在服务器繁忙的情况下,两个客户(许可的和未许可的)都加入队列或轨道。在加入轨道之前,二级客户根据指数分布获得随机的重试时间,这是下一次重试前的等待时间。一旦他们的总等待时间超过给定的最大等待时间,未经许可的用户(不耐烦)就必须离开系统。这项工作的新颖之处在于调查了放弃及其对系统的几个性能指标的影响,如用户的平均响应时间和等待时间,SU的放弃概率等。有几个数字借助模拟说明了所讨论的问题。
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引用次数: 4
On two four term arithmetic progressionswith equal product 关于两个乘积相等的四项等差数列
IF 0.3 Q4 Mathematics Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.33039/ami.2020.02.001
A. Bremner
We investigate when two four-term arithmetic progressions have an equal product of their terms. This is equivalent to studying the (arithmetic) geometry of a non-singular quartic surface. It turns out that there are many polynomial parametrizations of such progressions, and it is likely that there exist polynomial parametrizations of every positive degree. We find all such parametrizations for degrees 1 to 4 , and give examples of parametrizations for degrees 5 to 10
我们研究了当两个四项等差数列具有相等的项积时。这相当于研究非奇异四次曲面的(算术)几何。结果表明,这种级数有许多多项式参数化,并且很可能存在每一个正次的多项式参数化。我们找到了1到4度的所有参数化,并给出了5到10度的参数化例子
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引用次数: 0
Numerical results on noisy blown-up matrices 噪声爆破矩阵的数值结果
IF 0.3 Q4 Mathematics Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.33039/ami.2020.07.001
I. Fazekas, Sándor Pecsora
We study the eigenvalues of large perturbed matrices. We consider an Hermitian pattern matrix 𝑃 of rank 𝑘 . We blow up 𝑃 to get a large block-matrix 𝐵 𝑛 . Then we generate a random noise 𝑊 𝑛 and add it to the blown up matrix to obtain the perturbed matrix 𝐴 𝑛 = 𝐵 𝑛 + 𝑊 𝑛 . Our aim is to find the eigenvalues of 𝐵 𝑛 . We obtain that under certain conditions 𝐴 𝑛 has 𝑘 ‘large’ eigenvalues which are called structural eigenvalues. These structural eigenvalues of 𝐴 𝑛 approximate the non-zero eigenvalues of 𝐵 𝑛 . We study a graphical method to distinguish the structural and the non-structural eigenvalues. We obtain similar results for the singular values of non-symmetric matrices.
研究了大摄动矩阵的特征值。我们考虑一个秩为𝑘的厄密模式矩阵。我们将其放大,得到一个大的块矩阵𝑛。然后我们生成一个随机噪声𝑊𝑛,并将其加入到膨胀矩阵中,得到扰动后的矩阵变量变量变量变量变量变量变量变量变量变量变量变量变量变量变量变量变量变量变量变量变量变量变量变量变量变量变量变量变量变量变量变量变量变量变量变量变量变量变量变量变量。我们的目的是求出𝑛的特征值。在一定条件下,我们得到:在一定条件下,变量𝑛具有𝑘“大”特征值,称为结构特征值。这些结构特征值近似于变量𝑛的非零特征值。研究了一种区分结构特征值和非结构特征值的图解方法。对于非对称矩阵的奇异值,我们也得到了类似的结果。
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引用次数: 0
Simulation of the performance of CognitiveRadio Networks with unreliable servers 不可靠服务器下CognitiveRadio网络性能仿真
IF 0.3 Q4 Mathematics Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.33039/ami.2020.01.002
M. Zaghouani, J. Sztrik, A. Uka
This paper deals with a Cognitive Radio Network (CRN) which is modeled using a retrial queuing system with two finite-sources. This network includes two non-independent service units treating two types of users: Primary Users (PU) and Secondary Users (SU). The primary unit has priority queue (FIFO) and a second service unit contains an orbit both units are dedicated for the Primary Users and Secondary Users, respectively. The current work highlights the unreliability of the servers as we are as-suming that both servers of this network are subject to random breakdowns and repairs. All the inter-event times in this CRN are either exponentially or non-exponentially distributed. The novelty of our investigation is to ana-lyze the effect of several distributions (Gamma, Pareto, Log-normal, Hypo-Exponential and Hyper-Exponential) of the failure and repair times on the main performance measure of the system. By the help of simulation we show some interesting results concerning to sensitivity problems.
本文研究了一个基于两个有限源的重审排队系统的认知无线网络(CRN)。该网络包含两个非独立的业务单元,分别处理两种类型的用户:Primary users (PU)和Secondary users (SU)。主单元具有优先队列(FIFO),第二个服务单元包含轨道,这两个单元分别专用于主用户和辅助用户。当前的工作强调了服务器的不可靠性,因为我们假设这个网络的两个服务器都受到随机故障和维修的影响。该CRN中的所有事件间时间都呈指数或非指数分布。我们研究的新颖之处在于分析了故障和修复时间的几种分布(Gamma、Pareto、对数正态、次指数和超指数)对系统主要性能度量的影响。通过仿真,我们得到了一些有关灵敏度问题的有趣结果。
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引用次数: 2
On the exponential Diophantine equation (4m²+1)ˣ + (21m²-1)ʸ = (5m)ᶻ 指数丢番图方程(4m²+1)μ k + (21m²-1)↓= (5m)ᶻ
IF 0.3 Q4 Mathematics Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.33039/ami.2020.01.003
N. Terai
Let m be a positive integer. Then we show that the exponential Diophantine equation (4m+1)+(21m−1) = (5m) has only the positive integer solution (x, y, z) = (1, 1, 2) under some conditions. The proof is based on elementary methods and Baker’s method.
设m为正整数。然后证明了指数型丢芬图方程(4m+1)+(21m−1)= (5m)在某些条件下只有正整数解(x, y, z) =(1,1,2)。证明是基于初等方法和贝克方法。
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引用次数: 11
Integer sequences and ellipse chains inside a hyperbola 双曲线内的整数序列和椭圆链
IF 0.3 Q4 Mathematics Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.33039/ami.2020.06.002
H. Belbachir, L. Németh, Soumeya Merwa Tebtoub
We propose an extension to the work of Lucca [Giovanni Lucca, Integer sequences and circle chains inside a hyperbola, Forum Geometricorum , Vol-ume 19. 2019, 11–16]. Our goal is to examine chains of ellipses inside a hyperbola, and we derive recurrence relations of centers and minor (major) axes of the ellipse chains. We also determine conditions for these recurrence sequences to consist of integer numbers.
我们提出了Lucca [Giovanni Lucca,双曲线内的整数序列和圆链]的工作的推广,论坛几何,卷19。2019年,16)。我们的目标是研究双曲线内的椭圆链,并推导出椭圆链的中心和长(短)轴的递推关系。我们还确定了这些递归序列由整数组成的条件。
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引用次数: 3
Improving the simultaneous application of the DSN-PC and NOAA GFS datasets 改进DSN-PC和NOAA GFS数据集的同步应用
IF 0.3 Q4 Mathematics Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.33039/ami.2020.07.006
Ádám Vas, Oluoch Josphat Owino, L. Tóth
Our surface-based sensor network, called Distributed Sensor Network for Prediction Calculations (DSN-PC) obviously has limitations in terms of ver-tical atmospheric data. While efforts are being made to approximate these upper-air parameters from surface-level, as a first step it was necessary to test the network’s capability of making distributed computations by applying a hybrid approach. We accessed public databases like NOAA Global Forecast System (GFS) and the initial values for the 2-dimensional computational grid were produced by using both DSN-PC measurements and NOAA GFS data for each grid point. However, though the latter consists of assim-ilated and initialized (smoothed) data the stations of the DSN-PC network provide raw measurements which can cause numerical instability due to measurement errors or local weather phenomena. Previously we simultaneously interpolated both DSN-PC and GFS data. As a step forward, we wanted for our network to have a more significant role in the production of the initial values. Therefore it was necessary to apply 2D smoothing algorithms on the initial conditions. We found significant difference regarding numerical stability between calculating with raw and smoothed initial data. Applying the smoothing algorithms greatly improved the prediction reliability compared to the cases when raw data were used. The size of the grid portion used for smoothing has a significant impact on the goodness of the forecasts and it’s worth further investigation. We could verify the viability of direct integration of DSN-PC data since it provided forecast errors similar to the previous approach. In this paper we present one simple method for smoothing our initial data and the results of the weather prediction calculations.
我们的地面传感器网络,称为用于预测计算的分布式传感器网络(DSN-PC),在垂直大气数据方面显然有局限性。虽然正在努力从地表近似这些高空参数,但作为第一步,有必要通过应用混合方法测试网络进行分布式计算的能力。我们访问了NOAA全球预报系统(GFS)等公共数据库,并使用DSN-PC测量数据和NOAA GFS数据对每个网格点生成二维计算网格的初始值。然而,尽管后者由同化和初始化(平滑)数据组成,但DSN-PC网络的站点提供的原始测量数据可能由于测量误差或当地天气现象而导致数值不稳定。以前我们同时插值了DSN-PC和GFS数据。作为一个进步,我们希望我们的网络在初始值的产生中扮演更重要的角色。因此有必要对初始条件应用二维平滑算法。我们发现在计算原始数据和平滑初始数据之间的数值稳定性有显著差异。与使用原始数据的情况相比,采用平滑算法大大提高了预测的可靠性。用于平滑的网格部分的大小对预测的好坏有显著影响,值得进一步研究。我们可以验证直接集成DSN-PC数据的可行性,因为它提供了与之前方法相似的预测误差。在本文中,我们提出了一种简单的方法来平滑我们的初始数据和天气预报计算结果。
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引用次数: 1
Numerical analysis of finite source Markov retrial system with non-reliable server, collision, and impatient customers 具有不可靠服务器、碰撞和客户不耐烦的有限源马尔可夫再审系统的数值分析
IF 0.3 Q4 Mathematics Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.33039/ami.2020.07.008
A. Kuki, T. Bérczes, Á. Tóth, J. Sztrik
A retrial queuing system with a single server is investigated in this paper. The server is subject to random breakdowns. The number of customers is finite and collision may take place. A collision occurs when a customer arrives to the busy server. In case of a collision both customers involved in the collision are sent back to the orbit. From the orbit the customers retry their requests after a random waiting time. The server can be down due to a failure. During the failed period the arriving customers are sent to the orbit, as well. The novelty of this analysis is the impatient behaviour of the customers. A customer waiting in the orbit may leave it after a random waiting time. The requests of these customers will not be served. All the random variables included in the model construction are assumed to be exponentially distributed and independent from each other. The impatient property makes the model more complex, so the derivation of a direct algorithmic solution (which was provided for the non-impatient case) is difficult. For numerical calculations the MOSEL-2 tool can be used. This tool solves the Kolmogorov system equations, and from the resulting steady-state probabilities various system characteristics and performance measures can be calculated, i.e. mean response time, mean waiting time in the orbit, utilization of the server, probability of the unserved impatient requests. Principally the effect of the impatient property is investigated in these results, which are presented graphically, as well.
研究了一种单服务器的重审排队系统。服务器随时可能发生故障。客户数量有限,可能会发生碰撞。当客户到达繁忙的服务器时发生冲突。一旦发生碰撞,参与碰撞的两名乘客都将被送回轨道。在轨道上,客户在随机等待一段时间后重试他们的请求。服务器可能由于故障而关闭。在失败期间,到达的客户也被送到轨道上。这种分析的新颖之处在于顾客的不耐烦行为。在轨道上等待的顾客可以在随机等待时间后离开。这些客户的请求将不会得到满足。模型构建中包含的所有随机变量都假定为指数分布且相互独立。非不耐烦的性质使模型更加复杂,因此很难推导出直接的算法解(针对非不耐烦的情况)。对于数值计算,可以使用MOSEL-2工具。该工具求解Kolmogorov系统方程,并从得到的稳态概率中计算出各种系统特性和性能度量,即平均响应时间、轨道平均等待时间、服务器利用率、未服务的不耐烦请求的概率。在这些结果中,主要研究了不耐烦性质的影响,并以图形形式给出了结果。
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引用次数: 6
期刊
Annales Mathematicae et Informaticae
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