This article presents a discussion and analysis on the implementation of social networks to support the learning of a second language (L2) in the field of Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL); an area that has regained especial significance in the post pandemic era. Through a cumulative case study report that compares and contrasts several research studies carried out at different times, this article first brings to discussion the strengths that social networks offer for their implementation in L2 instruction. To continue the discussion, the issues of teachers’ CALL training and access are presented as weaknesses for a successful implementation of social networks in the L2 instruction. It is argued that social networks cannot work as effective tools for this purpose without the guidance of a properly trained instructor. Nevertheless, attaining such an ideal condition is challenging considering the problems that might emerge during its implementation. Although it is common that language teachers to some extent include this resource for their L2 classes, more research needs to be done to produce literature that sheds light on the aspects that need to be worked on to take real advantage of this type of technology.
{"title":"The Use of Social Networks in L2 Instruction: Discussing its Opportunities and Obstacles","authors":"Perla Villegas-Torres","doi":"10.19183/how.29.1.622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19183/how.29.1.622","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a discussion and analysis on the implementation of social networks to support the learning of a second language (L2) in the field of Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL); an area that has regained especial significance in the post pandemic era. Through a cumulative case study report that compares and contrasts several research studies carried out at different times, this article first brings to discussion the strengths that social networks offer for their implementation in L2 instruction. To continue the discussion, the issues of teachers’ CALL training and access are presented as weaknesses for a successful implementation of social networks in the L2 instruction. It is argued that social networks cannot work as effective tools for this purpose without the guidance of a properly trained instructor. Nevertheless, attaining such an ideal condition is challenging considering the problems that might emerge during its implementation. Although it is common that language teachers to some extent include this resource for their L2 classes, more research needs to be done to produce literature that sheds light on the aspects that need to be worked on to take real advantage of this type of technology.","PeriodicalId":43460,"journal":{"name":"How-A Colombian Journal for Teachers of English","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46783572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Knowledge and experience, mediated by reflection, are essential components in teacher education and development programs. This paper discusses core elements that have guided ELT education in the last years and analyzes the case of five English language teacher educators who –in the Colombian context—reflect on their own pedagogical practices through narrative. I guide the discussion by four probing questions that generate a reflective overview of English language teachers’ knowledge-base, identity construction, and decision-making when it comes to localizing knowledge. This reflection uncovers teacher educators’ gains and challenges as it becomes input for those others who are at different stages of their teaching career.
{"title":"Knowledge-Base in ELT Education: A Narrative-Driven Discussion","authors":"Angela Yicely Castro-Gárces","doi":"10.19183/how.29.1.608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19183/how.29.1.608","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge and experience, mediated by reflection, are essential components in teacher education and development programs. This paper discusses core elements that have guided ELT education in the last years and analyzes the case of five English language teacher educators who –in the Colombian context—reflect on their own pedagogical practices through narrative. I guide the discussion by four probing questions that generate a reflective overview of English language teachers’ knowledge-base, identity construction, and decision-making when it comes to localizing knowledge. This reflection uncovers teacher educators’ gains and challenges as it becomes input for those others who are at different stages of their teaching career.","PeriodicalId":43460,"journal":{"name":"How-A Colombian Journal for Teachers of English","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46007356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-01DOI: 10.1136/thorax-2021-btsabstracts.111
R. Gupta, A. Koteci, A. Morgan, P. George, J. Quint
{"title":"P1 Global overview of incidence and prevalence of interstitial lung disease: a systematic literature review","authors":"R. Gupta, A. Koteci, A. Morgan, P. George, J. Quint","doi":"10.1136/thorax-2021-btsabstracts.111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/thorax-2021-btsabstracts.111","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43460,"journal":{"name":"How-A Colombian Journal for Teachers of English","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81982384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-01DOI: 10.1136/thorax-2021-btsabstracts.113
A. Achaiah, P. Lyon, E. Fraser, P. Saunders, R. Hoyles, R. Benamore, L. Ho
P3 Table 1 Univariate and multivariate cox regression analysis for outcome of mortality. Hazard ratios of ILD categories are expressed relative to Nil ILD group Table 1. Outcome = Mortality Univariate Multivariate Covariate n Death HR Lower Upper Sig. HR Lower Upper Sig. Age – – 1.02 1.01 1.04 0.0001* 1.02 1.01 1.04 0.002* Gender – – 1.14 0.95 1.37 0.140 1.08 0.89 1.31 0.420 Nil ILD (ref. category) 355 (13.0%) 43 (12.1%) – – – <0.001* – – – <0.001* GGO only 279 (10.2%) 54 (19.3%) 1.67 1.12 2.50 0.011* 1.63 1.09 2.43 0.017* Reticulation only 603 (22.0%) 68 (11.3%) 1.09 0.74 1.59 0.667 1.01 0.69 1.48 0.966 Reticulation + GGO 373 (13.6%) 55 (14.7%) 1.43 0.96 2.13 0.079 1.39 0.93 2.07 0.108 Reticulation + Emph 133 (4.9%) 28 (2.1%) 2.32 1.45 3.71 <0.001* 2.08 1.29 3.35 0.003* Retic + GGO + Emph 150 (5.5%) 27 (18.0%) 1.74 1.07 2.81 0.025* 1.67 1.03 2.70 0.038* Probable UIP 490 (17.9%) 86 (17.5%) 1.58 1.10 2.28 0.014* 1.45 1.01 2.11 0.047* Definite UIP 272 (9.9%) 87 (32.0%) 2.82 1.95 4.10 <0.001* 2.55 1.76 3.69 <0.001* * P<0.05. GGO; ground glass opacities, UIP; Usual interstitial pneumonia, Emph; Emphysema. Poster sessions A68 Thorax 2021;76(Suppl 2):A1–A205 on N ovem er 3, 2021 by gest. P rocted by coright. httphorax.bm jcom / T hrax: frst pulished as 10.113orax-2021-B T S abscts.114 on 8 N ovem er 221. D ow nladed fom Background Early detection and treatment of lung cancer through lowdose computed tomography (LDCT) screening reduces lung cancer mortality. Undiagnosed interstitial lung disease (ILD) can be incidentally detected on LDCT, but whether this leads to improved clinical outcomes is unclear. Methods The West London lung screening pilot invited eversmokers aged 55–75 for a lung health check, and LDCT for those meeting a prespecified lung cancer risk score. LDCTs were reported by 5 consultant thoracic radiologists with 8 years thoracic CT experience. Participants without known ILD and with (i) >10% interstitial lung abnormalities (ILAs) as defined by the Fleischner Society on LDCT (ii) 5–10% ILAs on LDCT and restrictive spirometry (pre-March 2020), (iii) ILAs >5% (without spirometry post-March 2020), (iv) progressive ILAs on serial imaging performed after 12–24 months, were referred for clinical evaluation to the ILD Unit at the Royal Brompton Hospital. Diagnoses were assigned after multidisciplinary team (MDT) discussion. Results ILAs of >5% extent on LDCT were identified in 39/ 1853 (2.1%) subjects screened between August 2018 and April 2021 (table 1). Respiratory symptoms were present in 18/39 (46.1%) and crackles were auscultated in 17 of 22 subjects (77.3%) undergoing physical examination. Past exposure to potential environmental triggers was noted in 21/39 (53.8%). Diagnostic bronchoalveolar lavage was performed in 7/39 (17.9%) and one patient underwent transbronchial lung cryobiopsy. After MDT discussion, ILD was concluded in 31/39 (79.5%) cases, of which 14/31 (45.2%) were diagnosed with IPF. In the IPF subgroup, antifibrotics were init
{"title":"P3 Progression of early fibrotic ILA to established interstitial lung disease and mortality: observations from a regional centre","authors":"A. Achaiah, P. Lyon, E. Fraser, P. Saunders, R. Hoyles, R. Benamore, L. Ho","doi":"10.1136/thorax-2021-btsabstracts.113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/thorax-2021-btsabstracts.113","url":null,"abstract":"P3 Table 1 Univariate and multivariate cox regression analysis for outcome of mortality. Hazard ratios of ILD categories are expressed relative to Nil ILD group Table 1. Outcome = Mortality Univariate Multivariate Covariate n Death HR Lower Upper Sig. HR Lower Upper Sig. Age – – 1.02 1.01 1.04 0.0001* 1.02 1.01 1.04 0.002* Gender – – 1.14 0.95 1.37 0.140 1.08 0.89 1.31 0.420 Nil ILD (ref. category) 355 (13.0%) 43 (12.1%) – – – <0.001* – – – <0.001* GGO only 279 (10.2%) 54 (19.3%) 1.67 1.12 2.50 0.011* 1.63 1.09 2.43 0.017* Reticulation only 603 (22.0%) 68 (11.3%) 1.09 0.74 1.59 0.667 1.01 0.69 1.48 0.966 Reticulation + GGO 373 (13.6%) 55 (14.7%) 1.43 0.96 2.13 0.079 1.39 0.93 2.07 0.108 Reticulation + Emph 133 (4.9%) 28 (2.1%) 2.32 1.45 3.71 <0.001* 2.08 1.29 3.35 0.003* Retic + GGO + Emph 150 (5.5%) 27 (18.0%) 1.74 1.07 2.81 0.025* 1.67 1.03 2.70 0.038* Probable UIP 490 (17.9%) 86 (17.5%) 1.58 1.10 2.28 0.014* 1.45 1.01 2.11 0.047* Definite UIP 272 (9.9%) 87 (32.0%) 2.82 1.95 4.10 <0.001* 2.55 1.76 3.69 <0.001* * P<0.05. GGO; ground glass opacities, UIP; Usual interstitial pneumonia, Emph; Emphysema. Poster sessions A68 Thorax 2021;76(Suppl 2):A1–A205 on N ovem er 3, 2021 by gest. P rocted by coright. httphorax.bm jcom / T hrax: frst pulished as 10.113orax-2021-B T S abscts.114 on 8 N ovem er 221. D ow nladed fom Background Early detection and treatment of lung cancer through lowdose computed tomography (LDCT) screening reduces lung cancer mortality. Undiagnosed interstitial lung disease (ILD) can be incidentally detected on LDCT, but whether this leads to improved clinical outcomes is unclear. Methods The West London lung screening pilot invited eversmokers aged 55–75 for a lung health check, and LDCT for those meeting a prespecified lung cancer risk score. LDCTs were reported by 5 consultant thoracic radiologists with 8 years thoracic CT experience. Participants without known ILD and with (i) >10% interstitial lung abnormalities (ILAs) as defined by the Fleischner Society on LDCT (ii) 5–10% ILAs on LDCT and restrictive spirometry (pre-March 2020), (iii) ILAs >5% (without spirometry post-March 2020), (iv) progressive ILAs on serial imaging performed after 12–24 months, were referred for clinical evaluation to the ILD Unit at the Royal Brompton Hospital. Diagnoses were assigned after multidisciplinary team (MDT) discussion. Results ILAs of >5% extent on LDCT were identified in 39/ 1853 (2.1%) subjects screened between August 2018 and April 2021 (table 1). Respiratory symptoms were present in 18/39 (46.1%) and crackles were auscultated in 17 of 22 subjects (77.3%) undergoing physical examination. Past exposure to potential environmental triggers was noted in 21/39 (53.8%). Diagnostic bronchoalveolar lavage was performed in 7/39 (17.9%) and one patient underwent transbronchial lung cryobiopsy. After MDT discussion, ILD was concluded in 31/39 (79.5%) cases, of which 14/31 (45.2%) were diagnosed with IPF. In the IPF subgroup, antifibrotics were init","PeriodicalId":43460,"journal":{"name":"How-A Colombian Journal for Teachers of English","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81725227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-01DOI: 10.1136/thorax-2021-btsabstracts.112
M. Donaghy, S. Gilmour, E. Murtagh, P. Minnis
{"title":"P2 Geographical variation of interstitial lung disease in the northern trust","authors":"M. Donaghy, S. Gilmour, E. Murtagh, P. Minnis","doi":"10.1136/thorax-2021-btsabstracts.112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/thorax-2021-btsabstracts.112","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43460,"journal":{"name":"How-A Colombian Journal for Teachers of English","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89064222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-01DOI: 10.1136/thorax-2021-btsabstracts.117
G. Vekaria, A. Alhaffar, A. Abdi, R. Dattani, K. Ward, M. Dani, R. Coker
{"title":"P7 Remote frailty assessment and prevalence of frailty in older outpatients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","authors":"G. Vekaria, A. Alhaffar, A. Abdi, R. Dattani, K. Ward, M. Dani, R. Coker","doi":"10.1136/thorax-2021-btsabstracts.117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/thorax-2021-btsabstracts.117","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43460,"journal":{"name":"How-A Colombian Journal for Teachers of English","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88491219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-01DOI: 10.1136/thorax-2021-btsabstracts.115
S. Liew, J. Shaw, C. Hayton, Z. Borrill, G. Ng Man Kwong
through lowdose computed tomography (LDCT) screening reduces lung cancer mortality. Undiagnosed interstitial lung disease (ILD) can be incidentally detected on LDCT, but whether this leads to improved clinical outcomes is unclear. Methods The West London lung screening pilot invited eversmokers aged 55–75 for a lung health check, and LDCT for those meeting a prespecified lung cancer risk score. LDCTs were reported by 5 consultant thoracic radiologists with 8 years thoracic CT experience. Participants without known ILD and with (i) >10% interstitial lung abnormalities (ILAs) as defined by the Fleischner Society on LDCT (ii) 5–10% ILAs on LDCT and restrictive spirometry (pre-March 2020), (iii) ILAs >5% (without spirometry post-March 2020), (iv) progressive ILAs on serial imaging performed after 12–24 months, were referred for clinical evaluation to the ILD Unit at the Royal Brompton Hospital. Diagnoses were assigned after multidisciplinary team (MDT) discussion. Results ILAs of >5% extent on LDCT were identified in 39/ 1853 (2.1%) subjects screened between August 2018 and April 2021 (table 1). Respiratory symptoms were present in 18/39 (46.1%) and crackles were auscultated in 17 of 22 subjects (77.3%) undergoing physical examination. Past exposure to potential environmental triggers was noted in 21/39 (53.8%). Diagnostic bronchoalveolar lavage was performed in 7/39 (17.9%) and one patient underwent transbronchial lung cryobiopsy. After MDT discussion, ILD was concluded in 31/39 (79.5%) cases, of which 14/31 (45.2%) were diagnosed with IPF. In the IPF subgroup, antifibrotics were initiated in 7/14 (50%) of cases. In those diagnosed with other ILDs, immunomodulatory treatment was initiated in 2/25 (8%) subjects. Conclusion A large proportion of individuals with newly identified ILAs have an abnormal clinical examination and respiratory symptoms, consistent with the widely held suspicion that ILD is underdiagnosed in the community. Lung cancer screening in this demographic provides a unique opportunity to address this unmet health metric. Earlier identification of ILD, specifically IPF, allows institution of antifibrotic therapies proven to modify the natural history of the disease by preserving lung function and extending life. The cost-effectiveness of this approach for ILD screening warrants detailed evaluation.
{"title":"P5 How should patients with interstitial lung abnormalities be evaluated and monitored? Experience from a secondary care interstitial lung disease clinic","authors":"S. Liew, J. Shaw, C. Hayton, Z. Borrill, G. Ng Man Kwong","doi":"10.1136/thorax-2021-btsabstracts.115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/thorax-2021-btsabstracts.115","url":null,"abstract":"through lowdose computed tomography (LDCT) screening reduces lung cancer mortality. Undiagnosed interstitial lung disease (ILD) can be incidentally detected on LDCT, but whether this leads to improved clinical outcomes is unclear. Methods The West London lung screening pilot invited eversmokers aged 55–75 for a lung health check, and LDCT for those meeting a prespecified lung cancer risk score. LDCTs were reported by 5 consultant thoracic radiologists with 8 years thoracic CT experience. Participants without known ILD and with (i) >10% interstitial lung abnormalities (ILAs) as defined by the Fleischner Society on LDCT (ii) 5–10% ILAs on LDCT and restrictive spirometry (pre-March 2020), (iii) ILAs >5% (without spirometry post-March 2020), (iv) progressive ILAs on serial imaging performed after 12–24 months, were referred for clinical evaluation to the ILD Unit at the Royal Brompton Hospital. Diagnoses were assigned after multidisciplinary team (MDT) discussion. Results ILAs of >5% extent on LDCT were identified in 39/ 1853 (2.1%) subjects screened between August 2018 and April 2021 (table 1). Respiratory symptoms were present in 18/39 (46.1%) and crackles were auscultated in 17 of 22 subjects (77.3%) undergoing physical examination. Past exposure to potential environmental triggers was noted in 21/39 (53.8%). Diagnostic bronchoalveolar lavage was performed in 7/39 (17.9%) and one patient underwent transbronchial lung cryobiopsy. After MDT discussion, ILD was concluded in 31/39 (79.5%) cases, of which 14/31 (45.2%) were diagnosed with IPF. In the IPF subgroup, antifibrotics were initiated in 7/14 (50%) of cases. In those diagnosed with other ILDs, immunomodulatory treatment was initiated in 2/25 (8%) subjects. Conclusion A large proportion of individuals with newly identified ILAs have an abnormal clinical examination and respiratory symptoms, consistent with the widely held suspicion that ILD is underdiagnosed in the community. Lung cancer screening in this demographic provides a unique opportunity to address this unmet health metric. Earlier identification of ILD, specifically IPF, allows institution of antifibrotic therapies proven to modify the natural history of the disease by preserving lung function and extending life. The cost-effectiveness of this approach for ILD screening warrants detailed evaluation.","PeriodicalId":43460,"journal":{"name":"How-A Colombian Journal for Teachers of English","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81661486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-01DOI: 10.1136/thorax-2021-btsabstracts.114
R. Hewitt, E. Bartlett, R. Ganatra, H. Butt, J. Morjaria, V. Kouranos, F. Chua, M. Kokosi, P. Molyneaux, S. Desai, A. Wells, R. Jenkins, E. Renzoni, S. Kemp, A. Devaraj, P. George
P4 Table 1Characteristics of the subjectsCharacteristics Subjects with ILAs on LDCT (n = 39) Age, yr, mean (± SD) 68.8 (± 4.3) Gender, n (%) Female 15 (38.5) Male 24 (61.5) Smoking status, n (%) Current 7 (17.9) Ex 32 (82.1) Respiratory symptoms, n (%) None 19 (48.7) Cough 3 (7.7) Dyspnoea 9 (23.1) Cough & dyspnoea 6 (15.4) N/A 2 (5.1) Physical examination findings, n (%) None 5 (12.8) Crackles 17 (43.6) N/A 17 (43.6) Baseline lung function,%pred, median (range) FEV1,% pred 91 (58 – 130) FVC,% pred 94.8 (65 – 143) TLco,% pred 57.6 (28.4 – 98.8) Kco,% pred 79.5 (36.4 – 94) MDT Diagnosis ILAs, n (%) 8 (20.5) ILD, n (%) IPF 14 (35.9) Smoking-related ILD 6 (15.4) Hypersensitivity pneumonitis 4 (10.3) PPFE 3 (7.7) Sarcoidosis 1 (2.6) Post-COVID ILD 1 (2.6) Vasculitis 1 (2.6) Unclassifiable 1 (2.6) Treatment, n (%) Smoking cessation advice 6 (15.4) Antifibrotic 7 (17.9) Immunomodulatory treatment 2 (5.1) None 23 (59) ResultsILAs of >5% extent on LDCT were identified in 39/1853 (2.1%) subjects screened between August 2018 and April 2021 (table 1). Respiratory symptoms were present in 18/39 (46.1%) and crackles were auscultated in 17 of 22 subjects (77.3%) undergoing physical examination. Past exposure to potential environmental triggers was noted in 21/39 (53.8%). Diagnostic bronchoalveolar lavage was performed in 7/39 (17.9%) and one patient underwent transbronchial lung cryobiopsy. After MDT discussion, ILD was concluded in 31/39 (79.5%) cases, of which 14/31 (45.2%) were diagnosed with IPF. In the IPF subgroup, antifibrotics were initiated in 7/14 (50%) of cases. In those diagnosed with other ILDs, immunomodulatory treatment was initiated in 2/25 (8%) subjects.ConclusionA large proportion of individuals with newly identified ILAs have an abnormal clinical examination and respiratory symptoms, consistent with the widely held suspicion that ILD is underdiagnosed in the community. Lung cancer screening in this demographic provides a unique opportunity to address this unmet health metric. Earlier identification of ILD, specifically IPF, allows institution of antifibrotic therapies proven to modify the natural history of the disease by preserving lung function and extending life. The cost-effectiveness of this approach for ILD screening warrants detailed evaluation.
P4表1 subjectsCharacteristics学科特点与ILAs LDCT (n = 39)年龄、年,意味着(±SD) 68.8(±4.3)性别,女性15 n(%) 24(61.5)(38.5)男性吸烟状态、当前7 n(%)(17.9)前32(82.1)呼吸道症状,n(%)没有19(48.7)咳嗽3(7.7)呼吸困难9(23.1)咳嗽和呼吸困难6 n / 2(15.4)(5.1)体格检查发现,n(%)没有5 17(43.6)(12.8)发出爆裂声n / 17(43.6)肺功能基线,% pred,中位(范围)FEV1，% pred 91 (58 - 130) FVC，% pred 94.8 (65 - 143) TLco，% pred 57.6 (28.4 - 98.8) Kco，% pred 79.5 (36.4 - 94) MDT诊断ILAs, n (%) 8 (20.5) ILD, n (%) IPF 14(35.9)吸烟相关ILD 6(15.4)超敏感性肺炎4 (10.3)PPFE 3(7.7)结节病1(2.6)新冠肺炎后ILD 1(2.6)血管炎1(2.6)无法分类1(2.6)治疗，n(%)戒烟建议6(15.4)抗纤维化7(17.9)免疫调节治疗2(5.1)无23(59)结果2018年8月至2021年4月期间筛查的39/1853例(2.1%)受试者的LDCT上发现病变程度>5%(表1)。18/39例(46.1%)受试者出现呼吸道症状，22例(77.3%)受试者中有17例(77.3%)接受体检。有21/39(53.8%)指出过去暴露于潜在的环境触发因素。诊断性支气管肺泡灌洗7例(17.9%)，1例经支气管肺低温活检。经MDT讨论后，31/39(79.5%)例确诊为ILD，其中14/31(45.2%)诊断为IPF。在IPF亚组中，7/14(50%)的病例开始使用抗纤维化药物。在诊断为其他ild的患者中，有2/25(8%)的受试者接受了免疫调节治疗。结论大部分新确诊的ILD患者临床检查异常，伴有呼吸道症状，这与社区普遍认为ILD未被充分诊断的观点一致。在这一人群中进行肺癌筛查为解决这一未满足的健康指标提供了独特的机会。早期发现ILD，特别是IPF，使得抗纤维化治疗能够通过保持肺功能和延长生命来改变疾病的自然史。这种ILD筛查方法的成本效益值得详细评估。
{"title":"P4 Lung cancer screening provides a unique opportunity for early diagnosis and management of interstitial lung diseases","authors":"R. Hewitt, E. Bartlett, R. Ganatra, H. Butt, J. Morjaria, V. Kouranos, F. Chua, M. Kokosi, P. Molyneaux, S. Desai, A. Wells, R. Jenkins, E. Renzoni, S. Kemp, A. Devaraj, P. George","doi":"10.1136/thorax-2021-btsabstracts.114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/thorax-2021-btsabstracts.114","url":null,"abstract":"P4 Table 1Characteristics of the subjectsCharacteristics Subjects with ILAs on LDCT (n = 39) Age, yr, mean (± SD) 68.8 (± 4.3) Gender, n (%) Female 15 (38.5) Male 24 (61.5) Smoking status, n (%) Current 7 (17.9) Ex 32 (82.1) Respiratory symptoms, n (%) None 19 (48.7) Cough 3 (7.7) Dyspnoea 9 (23.1) Cough & dyspnoea 6 (15.4) N/A 2 (5.1) Physical examination findings, n (%) None 5 (12.8) Crackles 17 (43.6) N/A 17 (43.6) Baseline lung function,%pred, median (range) FEV1,% pred 91 (58 – 130) FVC,% pred 94.8 (65 – 143) TLco,% pred 57.6 (28.4 – 98.8) Kco,% pred 79.5 (36.4 – 94) MDT Diagnosis ILAs, n (%) 8 (20.5) ILD, n (%) IPF 14 (35.9) Smoking-related ILD 6 (15.4) Hypersensitivity pneumonitis 4 (10.3) PPFE 3 (7.7) Sarcoidosis 1 (2.6) Post-COVID ILD 1 (2.6) Vasculitis 1 (2.6) Unclassifiable 1 (2.6) Treatment, n (%) Smoking cessation advice 6 (15.4) Antifibrotic 7 (17.9) Immunomodulatory treatment 2 (5.1) None 23 (59) ResultsILAs of >5% extent on LDCT were identified in 39/1853 (2.1%) subjects screened between August 2018 and April 2021 (table 1). Respiratory symptoms were present in 18/39 (46.1%) and crackles were auscultated in 17 of 22 subjects (77.3%) undergoing physical examination. Past exposure to potential environmental triggers was noted in 21/39 (53.8%). Diagnostic bronchoalveolar lavage was performed in 7/39 (17.9%) and one patient underwent transbronchial lung cryobiopsy. After MDT discussion, ILD was concluded in 31/39 (79.5%) cases, of which 14/31 (45.2%) were diagnosed with IPF. In the IPF subgroup, antifibrotics were initiated in 7/14 (50%) of cases. In those diagnosed with other ILDs, immunomodulatory treatment was initiated in 2/25 (8%) subjects.ConclusionA large proportion of individuals with newly identified ILAs have an abnormal clinical examination and respiratory symptoms, consistent with the widely held suspicion that ILD is underdiagnosed in the community. Lung cancer screening in this demographic provides a unique opportunity to address this unmet health metric. Earlier identification of ILD, specifically IPF, allows institution of antifibrotic therapies proven to modify the natural history of the disease by preserving lung function and extending life. The cost-effectiveness of this approach for ILD screening warrants detailed evaluation.","PeriodicalId":43460,"journal":{"name":"How-A Colombian Journal for Teachers of English","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87673416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article overviews the major themes and pedagogical developments that have emerged via the academic endeavors of practitioners and researchers in the last 30 years, while also touching on how my work adheres to these developments. The document starts with a brief historical background on the establishment of HOW as a resource for the academic community. The next part of the article deals with the theoretical tenets that have influenced my published works. One of those perspectives is the post-method pedagogy, which acknowledges the limitations of attempting to determine what the “best” language teaching method is for everyone, and proposes three parameters to guide language teaching and learning. The next perspective is the psychology of language learning, particularly positive psychology, which is a field that adds balance to the study of negative emotions in the classroom and can be the basis for interventions that aim at enhancing the language learning process. The final construct discussed in the article is metacognition, which refers to how language teachers adapt their mental processes and behaviors to the emerging demands of their context. The article concludes highlighting a number of topics that were relevant three decades ago and that will likely keep their relevance in the future: the complexity of education, the dynamic nature of context and meaning, and the examination of the role of context in the L2 teaching/learning processes, to name only three.
{"title":"25 Years of HOW: A Celebration of Language Teaching and Learning","authors":"Ana Clara Sánchez-Solarte","doi":"10.19183/how.28.3.675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19183/how.28.3.675","url":null,"abstract":"This article overviews the major themes and pedagogical developments that have emerged via the academic endeavors of practitioners and researchers in the last 30 years, while also touching on how my work adheres to these developments. The document starts with a brief historical background on the establishment of HOW as a resource for the academic community.\u0000\u0000\u0000The next part of the article deals with the theoretical tenets that have influenced my published works. One of those perspectives is the post-method pedagogy, which acknowledges the limitations of attempting to determine what the “best” language teaching method is for everyone, and proposes three parameters to guide language teaching and learning. The next perspective is the psychology of language learning, particularly positive psychology, which is a field that adds balance to the study of negative emotions in the classroom and can be the basis for interventions that aim at enhancing the language learning process. The final construct discussed in the article is metacognition, which refers to how language teachers adapt their mental processes and behaviors to the emerging demands of their context. The article concludes highlighting a number of topics that were relevant three decades ago and that will likely keep their relevance in the future: the complexity of education, the dynamic nature of context and meaning, and the examination of the role of context in the L2 teaching/learning processes, to name only three.","PeriodicalId":43460,"journal":{"name":"How-A Colombian Journal for Teachers of English","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46178328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Interculturality has to do with the personal relational aspects of caring about the other. In this sense, interculturality confronts and challenges untruths and stereotypes that deny the existence of diversity. This article aims to provide a comprehensive view of what interculturality means, as well as to contribute to current and future trends in the field of English language teaching and teacher education in Colombia. I present examples of intercultural practices as possibilities to understand and explore interculturality in ELT, and I share a review of studies that have undertaken this complex conception of interculturality.
{"title":"Comprehending Interculturality and its Future Directions in English Language Teaching and Teacher Education in the Colombian Context","authors":"Bertha Ramos-Holguín","doi":"10.19183/how.28.3.674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19183/how.28.3.674","url":null,"abstract":"Interculturality has to do with the personal relational aspects of caring about the other. In this sense, interculturality confronts and challenges untruths and stereotypes that deny the existence of diversity. This article aims to provide a comprehensive view of what interculturality means, as well as to contribute to current and future trends in the field of English language teaching and teacher education in Colombia. I present examples of intercultural practices as possibilities to understand and explore interculturality in ELT, and I share a review of studies that have undertaken this complex conception of interculturality.","PeriodicalId":43460,"journal":{"name":"How-A Colombian Journal for Teachers of English","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43578586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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