{"title":"Ecotourism development through culturally sensitive universalism","authors":"J. Read, B. Grimwood","doi":"10.4324/9781003001768-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003001768-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":434845,"journal":{"name":"Routledge Handbook of Ecotourism","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128379539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-28DOI: 10.4324/9781003001768-13
Ian E. Munanura, E. Sabuhoro
{"title":"Ecotourism impact on livelihoods and wellbeing","authors":"Ian E. Munanura, E. Sabuhoro","doi":"10.4324/9781003001768-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003001768-13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":434845,"journal":{"name":"Routledge Handbook of Ecotourism","volume":"150 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116772871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-28DOI: 10.4324/9781003001768-12
J. Chilembwe
{"title":"The role of the visitor in stewardship and volunteering in tourism","authors":"J. Chilembwe","doi":"10.4324/9781003001768-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003001768-12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":434845,"journal":{"name":"Routledge Handbook of Ecotourism","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123203555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Overtourism in Petra protected area","authors":"A. Aloudat","doi":"10.4324/9781003001768-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003001768-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":434845,"journal":{"name":"Routledge Handbook of Ecotourism","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124169443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-28DOI: 10.4324/9781003001768-19
S. Sarkar
CONTEXT Architectural education includes both formal and informal learning components, instrumental in the transformation of novices into architects. The informal component incorporates tacit aspects of education that can’t be readily quantified, and thus are often taken for granted (Stevens, 1998). These aspects include: clothing worn, language used, and criteria employed in assessment and judgement of quality, geared to preparing individuals for a particular profession (Coleman, 2010; Strickfaden and Heylighen, 2010). This transformation is otherwise known as socialisation, defined by Bragg, 1976: 6) as “... that process by which individuals acquire the values, attitudes, norms, knowledge, and skills needed to perform their roles acceptably in the group or groups in which they are, or seek to be, members.” Socialisation incorporates aspects of the curriculum that cannot be conveyed or garnered through books or lectures, but garnered through experience and immersion in aspects of professional education, that are ‘caught’ rather than ‘taught’. For Stevens (1998: 196), socialisation is “... an integral part of architectural education,” where the cultural aspects of the profession are “... slowly absorbed from those who are already cultivated.” This provides a historic link to the origins of the profession, and a “... sense of kinship with centuries of traditions, thoughts, and personalities [...] the true tie that binds those who practice architecture with those who teach it and study it.” (Boyer and Mitgang, 1996: 4) Here, architectural Education is thus intimately tied to place, and society, with the resultant socialisation, influential on the way architecture students learn to think and act.
建筑教育包括正式和非正式的学习组成部分，有助于将初学者转变为建筑师。非正式的组成部分包含了教育的隐性方面，这些方面不能轻易量化，因此经常被认为是理所当然的(Stevens, 1998)。这些方面包括:穿的衣服，使用的语言，以及在评估和判断质量时采用的标准，旨在为特定职业的个人做好准备(Coleman, 2010;Strickfaden and Heylighen, 2010)。这种转变也被称为社会化，布拉格(1976)将其定义为“……这是一个过程，通过这个过程，个人获得了在一个或多个群体中可以接受地履行自己的角色所需要的价值观、态度、规范、知识和技能，他们是或寻求成为这个群体的成员。”社会化包含了课程的一些方面，这些方面不能通过书本或讲座来传达或获得，而是通过经验和专业教育的沉浸来获得的，这些方面是“捕捉”而不是“教授”的。对于Stevens(1998: 196)来说，社会化是“……作为建筑教育的一个组成部分，“在这个专业的文化方面”……从那些已经有教养的人那里慢慢吸收。”这为该专业的起源提供了历史联系，并且“……对几个世纪以来的传统、思想和个性的亲缘感……这是将建筑实践者与教授和研究者联系在一起的真正纽带。(Boyer和Mitgang, 1996: 4)在这里，建筑教育因此与地方和社会密切相关，由此产生的社会化影响着建筑学生学习思考和行动的方式。
{"title":"Socialisation","authors":"S. Sarkar","doi":"10.4324/9781003001768-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003001768-19","url":null,"abstract":"CONTEXT Architectural education includes both formal and informal learning components, instrumental in the transformation of novices into architects. The informal component incorporates tacit aspects of education that can’t be readily quantified, and thus are often taken for granted (Stevens, 1998). These aspects include: clothing worn, language used, and criteria employed in assessment and judgement of quality, geared to preparing individuals for a particular profession (Coleman, 2010; Strickfaden and Heylighen, 2010). This transformation is otherwise known as socialisation, defined by Bragg, 1976: 6) as “... that process by which individuals acquire the values, attitudes, norms, knowledge, and skills needed to perform their roles acceptably in the group or groups in which they are, or seek to be, members.” Socialisation incorporates aspects of the curriculum that cannot be conveyed or garnered through books or lectures, but garnered through experience and immersion in aspects of professional education, that are ‘caught’ rather than ‘taught’. For Stevens (1998: 196), socialisation is “... an integral part of architectural education,” where the cultural aspects of the profession are “... slowly absorbed from those who are already cultivated.” This provides a historic link to the origins of the profession, and a “... sense of kinship with centuries of traditions, thoughts, and personalities [...] the true tie that binds those who practice architecture with those who teach it and study it.” (Boyer and Mitgang, 1996: 4) Here, architectural Education is thus intimately tied to place, and society, with the resultant socialisation, influential on the way architecture students learn to think and act.","PeriodicalId":434845,"journal":{"name":"Routledge Handbook of Ecotourism","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126400732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-28DOI: 10.4324/9781003001768-14
Ige Pirnar
{"title":"Female entrepreneurship and ecotourism","authors":"Ige Pirnar","doi":"10.4324/9781003001768-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003001768-14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":434845,"journal":{"name":"Routledge Handbook of Ecotourism","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133610692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-10DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV-ENVIRON-101718-033046
Amanda Stronza, Carter A. Hunt, Lee FitzGerald
Ecotourism originated in the 1980s, at the dawn of sustainable development, as a way to channel tourism revenues into conservation and development. Despite the “win-win” idea, scholars and practitioners debate the meaning and merits of ecotourism. We conducted a review of 30 years of ecotourism research, looking for empirical evidence of successes and failures. We found the following trends: Ecotourism is often conflated with outdoor recreation and other forms of conventional tourism; impact studies tend to focus on either ecological or social impacts, but rarely both; and research tends to lack time series data, precluding authors from discerning effects over time, either on conservation, levels of biodiversity, ecosystem integrity, local governance, or other indicators. Given increasing pressures on wild lands and wildlife, we see a need to add rigor to analyses of ecotourism. We provide suggestions for future research and offer a framework for study design and issues of measurement and scaling.
{"title":"Ecotourism for conservation?","authors":"Amanda Stronza, Carter A. Hunt, Lee FitzGerald","doi":"10.1146/ANNUREV-ENVIRON-101718-033046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV-ENVIRON-101718-033046","url":null,"abstract":"Ecotourism originated in the 1980s, at the dawn of sustainable development, as a way to channel tourism revenues into conservation and development. Despite the “win-win” idea, scholars and practitioners debate the meaning and merits of ecotourism. We conducted a review of 30 years of ecotourism research, looking for empirical evidence of successes and failures. We found the following trends: Ecotourism is often conflated with outdoor recreation and other forms of conventional tourism; impact studies tend to focus on either ecological or social impacts, but rarely both; and research tends to lack time series data, precluding authors from discerning effects over time, either on conservation, levels of biodiversity, ecosystem integrity, local governance, or other indicators. Given increasing pressures on wild lands and wildlife, we see a need to add rigor to analyses of ecotourism. We provide suggestions for future research and offer a framework for study design and issues of measurement and scaling.","PeriodicalId":434845,"journal":{"name":"Routledge Handbook of Ecotourism","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128904797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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