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Sixth International Workshop on Discrete Event Systems, 2002. Proceedings.最新文献

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Undirected colored Petri net for modelling and supervisory control of AGV systems 用于AGV系统建模和监督控制的无向有色Petri网
Pub Date : 2002-10-02 DOI: 10.1109/WODES.2002.1167680
E. Roszkowska
This paper presents closed AGV systems with bidirectional guide path networks, zone control for avoiding collisions, and dynamic route planning. An AGV system is represented as a colored Petri net with undirected arcs and directed tokens, which substantially reduces the number of net components and simplifies the insight into the model. We study the problem of marking liveness and associate this property with the permanent ability of the vehicles to attain any edge in the network. The requirement is a weak form of marking liveness, as it does not require that each transition be live with respect to each of its colors. For the analysis of the net dynamics, we introduce the notion of a partially directed graph, that is, a graph which can have both directed and undirected edges. The results allow us to determine uniquely the character (live or not-live) of states in the system, which can thus be applied in the design of the supervisory control for AGV systems.
本文提出了具有双向路径网络、区域避碰控制和动态路径规划的封闭式AGV系统。AGV系统被表示为带有无向弧和有向标记的彩色Petri网,这大大减少了网络组件的数量,简化了对模型的洞察。我们研究了标记活动性问题,并将这一特性与车辆在网络中获得任何边缘的永久能力联系起来。这个要求是一种弱形式的标记活跃性,因为它不要求每个过渡都与每个颜色相关。为了分析网络动力学,我们引入了部分有向图的概念,即既有有向边又有无向边的图。结果使我们能够唯一地确定系统中状态的特征(活动或非活动),从而可以应用于AGV系统的监督控制设计。
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引用次数: 11
Generalized multivariable control of discrete event systems in dioids 二维离散事件系统的广义多变量控制
Pub Date : 2002-10-02 DOI: 10.1109/WODES.2002.1167688
R. Luders, R. Santos-Mendes
Dioids are algebraic structures suitable to represent a timed event graph by means of a linear state-space or transfer function model, where synchronization of events can be described. This paper proposes a model reference control strategy under partial observation and control of internal system transitions, where a controller is obtained by matching the closed-loop transfer function to a given transfer function (control specification). The problem formulation is quite general, allowing to deal studied cases in the literature as particular cases and to generalize some of them.
二类是一种代数结构,适合用线性状态空间或传递函数模型来表示时间事件图,其中事件的同步可以被描述。本文提出了一种系统内部过渡部分观察控制下的模型参考控制策略,通过将闭环传递函数与给定传递函数(控制规范)匹配得到控制器。问题的表述是相当普遍的,允许处理研究的案例在文献中作为特殊的情况下,并概括其中的一些。
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引用次数: 18
On the cycle time of non-autonomous min-max systems 非自治最小最大系统的循环时间
Pub Date : 2002-10-02 DOI: 10.1109/WODES.2002.1167687
Yiping Cheng, D. Zheng
The cycle time is an important performance metric associated with a min-max system. In this paper we study the cycle time of non-autonomous min-max systems. Based on the duality theorem, a general cycle time formula is derived, then we apply this formula to some special classes of min-max systems and obtain some results, which include a short proof of Olsder's theorem on the eigenvalue of separated min-max systems, a cycle time formula for min-max systems with triangular structure driven by uniform input, and a cycle time clipper for wide-sense bipartite systems.
循环时间是与最小-最大系统相关的重要性能指标。本文研究了非自治极小极大系统的周期时间问题。在对偶定理的基础上,导出了循环时间的一般公式,并将该公式应用于若干特殊类型的最小-最大系统,得到了关于分离最小-最大系统特征值的Olsder定理的一个简短证明,一致输入驱动的三角形结构最小-最大系统的一个循环时间公式,以及广义二部系统的一个循环时间剪子。
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引用次数: 4
Optimal routing policies in deterministic queues in tandem 确定队列串联中的最优路由策略
Pub Date : 2002-10-02 DOI: 10.1109/WODES.2002.1167696
Bruno Gaujal, E. Hyon
In this paper, we address the problem of routing a stream of customers in two parallel networks of queues in tandem with deterministic service times in order to minimize the average response time. We show that the optimal routing is a Sturmian word whose density depends on the maximum service time on each route. In order to do this, we particularly study the output process of deterministic queues when the input process is Sturmian.
在本文中,我们解决了在两个具有确定性服务时间的队列串联的并行网络中路由客户流的问题,以最小化平均响应时间。我们证明了最优路线是一个图尔图曼词,其密度取决于每条路线上的最大服务时间。为了做到这一点,我们特别研究了当输入过程为Sturmian时确定性队列的输出过程。
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引用次数: 12
Ladder logic implementation of Ramadge-Wonham supervisory controller Ramadge-Wonham监控控制器的梯形逻辑实现
Pub Date : 2002-10-02 DOI: 10.1109/WODES.2002.1167715
J. Liu, H. Darabi
In this paper we present an algorithm to convert a controller automaton synthesized by the Ramadge-Wonham (RW) method to a ladder logic diagram. The subject of conversion from RW controller to ladder logic is not new and has already been addressed by many researchers. Our method takes a new look at this subject. We not only make sure that the same sequences of events can be generated by both the RW controller and its converted ladder logic (as done by other related literature), but we also guarantee the implementation of the converted ladder logic as a PLC program. Specifically, we use the IDEF3 standard, which views a manufacturing system as a set of activities and their required resources. We consider the resource events to define the forcing mechanisms of ladder logic, as the original RW controller cannot model these mechanisms. We also use external signals to resolve the inherent conflicts of RW controller that cannot be tolerated under a forcing controller such as ladder logic. Two examples are presented to illustrate the applicability of the proposed algorithm.
本文提出了一种将由Ramadge-Wonham (RW)方法合成的控制器自动机转换为梯形逻辑图的算法。从RW控制器到阶梯逻辑的转换并不是一个新的课题,已经有许多研究者进行了研究。我们的方法从新的角度来看待这个问题。我们不仅确保RW控制器及其转换的阶梯逻辑可以生成相同的事件序列(如其他相关文献所做的那样),而且我们还保证转换的阶梯逻辑作为PLC程序的实现。具体来说,我们使用IDEF3标准,它将制造系统视为一组活动及其所需的资源。我们考虑了资源事件来定义阶梯逻辑的强制机制,因为原始的RW控制器无法对这些机制建模。我们还使用外部信号来解决RW控制器的内在冲突,这种冲突在阶梯逻辑等强制控制器下是不能容忍的。给出了两个实例来说明该算法的适用性。
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引用次数: 39
Observability with respect to a language in discrete event systems modeled by IPN 用IPN建模的离散事件系统中语言的可观察性
Pub Date : 2002-10-02 DOI: 10.1109/WODES.2002.1167693
L. Aguirre-Salas, O. Begovich, A. Ramírez-Treviño
In real DES applications, the system is usually confined into a particular behavior in order to perform a specific task. In this case, the observability problem is turned into the problem of determining whether or not it is possible to recover the actual system state when the system is confined into a specific sublanguage. In this context, this paper addresses the observability problem for interpreted Petri nets (IPNs) whose behavior is confined into a cyclic sublanguage of the firing language. The concept of L-observability is introduced. A characterization of this kind of observability is derived based on the notions of L-event-detectability, and L-marking-detectability is also introduced in this paper.
在实际的DES应用程序中,为了执行特定的任务,系统通常被限制为特定的行为。在这种情况下,可观察性问题变成了当系统被限制在特定的子语言中时,确定是否有可能恢复实际的系统状态的问题。在此背景下,本文讨论了行为被限制在发射语言的循环子语言中的解释Petri网(ipn)的可观测性问题。引入了l -可观测性的概念。基于l -事件可探测性的概念,导出了这类可观测性的一个表征,并引入了l -标记可探测性。
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引用次数: 1
Synthesis and implementation of local modular supervisory control for a manufacturing cell 制造单元局部模块化监控的合成与实现
Pub Date : 2002-10-02 DOI: 10.1109/WODES.2002.1167714
M. H. D. Queiroz
Supervisory control theory is applied to a manufacturing cell commanded by a programmable logic controller (PLC). By means of a local modular approach -a methodology that exploits modularity of the plant and of the behavioral specifications models - optimal supervisors are obtained without state-space explosion. For the purpose of simplifying the ladder diagram implementation in the PLC, reduced supervisors are implemented in a three level structure that executes modular supervisor concurrent action and interfaces the theoretical model with the real system. The flexible and productive manufacturing cell behavior, after practical implementation of the control system, and the final PLC code readability and flexibility are positive quality indicators to the applied methodology.
将监控理论应用于由可编程控制器(PLC)控制的生产单元。通过局部模块化方法-一种利用工厂和行为规范模型的模块化的方法-在没有状态空间爆炸的情况下获得最优监控器。为了简化梯形图在PLC中的实现,将简化的监控器实现为三层结构,执行模块化的监控器并发动作,并将理论模型与实际系统连接起来。在实际实施控制系统后,柔性和生产性的制造单元行为以及最终的PLC代码的可读性和灵活性是应用方法的积极质量指标。
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引用次数: 130
IPA for loss volume and buffer workload in tandem SFM networks 在串联SFM网络中丢失量和缓冲工作负载的IPA
Pub Date : 2002-10-02 DOI: 10.1109/WODES.2002.1167716
Y. Wardi, G. Riley
This paper considers congestion-related performance metrics in tandem networks of Stochastic Fluid Models (SFMs), and derives their IPA gradient estimators with respect to buffer sizes. Specifically, the performance metrics in question are the total loss volume and the cumulative buffer workload (buffer contents), and the control parameter consists of buffer limits at both the node where the performance is measured and at an upstream node. The IPA estimators are unbiased and nonparametric, and hence can be computed on-line from field measurements as well as off-line from simulation experiments. The IPA derivatives are applied to packet-based networks, where simulation results support the theoretical developments. Possible applications to congestion management in telecommunications networks are discussed.
本文考虑了随机流体模型串联网络中与拥塞相关的性能指标,并推导了它们关于缓冲大小的IPA梯度估计。具体来说,所讨论的性能指标是总损失量和累积缓冲区工作负载(缓冲区内容),控制参数由测量性能的节点和上游节点的缓冲区限制组成。出来估计是无偏和非参数,因此可以从实地测量和计算在线离线仿真实验。IPA衍生物应用于基于分组的网络,仿真结果支持理论发展。讨论了在电信网络拥塞管理中的可能应用。
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引用次数: 7
Modelling and PLC-based implementation of modular supervisory control 基于建模和plc的模块化监控实现
Pub Date : 2002-10-02 DOI: 10.1109/WODES.2002.1167713
A. Hellgren, B. Lennartson, Martin Fabian
Implementation of supervisory control in Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) typically requires that the underlying discrete event models of plant, specification and the supervisor itself fulfil a number of properties. These properties are discussed and methods for solving related problems are given. In particular, determinism and synchronisation issues are investigated. In a manufacturing system, for instance, there is typically a set of processes using a set of shared resources. Poor modelling may cause the system model to become nondeterministic. This can be circumvented by relabelling the relevant models. For industrial-sized models, though, this must be done automatically, something that we achieve by parameterising the models. Given a deterministic model, consisting of several interacting entities, we discuss its PLC-based implementation. In addition to the synchronisation of plant and supervisor, a modular supervisor must be internally synchronised. However, synchronisation of the submodules is not well defined in the PLC-world. This may be achieved by using event monitors and an immediate transit/immediate action execution model.
在可编程逻辑控制器(plc)中实现监督控制通常要求工厂、规范和监督本身的底层离散事件模型满足许多属性。讨论了这些性质,并给出了解决相关问题的方法。特别是,决定论和同步问题进行了研究。例如,在制造系统中,通常有一组使用一组共享资源的流程。不良的建模可能导致系统模型变得不确定。这可以通过重新标记相关模型来规避。然而,对于工业规模的模型,这必须自动完成,这是我们通过参数化模型来实现的。给定一个确定性模型,由几个相互作用的实体组成,我们讨论了其基于plc的实现。除了工厂和主管的同步之外,模块化主管必须在内部同步。然而,子模块的同步在plc领域并没有很好地定义。这可以通过使用事件监视器和立即传输/立即操作执行模型来实现。
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引用次数: 29
Recent advances in discrete analysis and control of hybrid systems 混合系统离散分析与控制研究进展
Pub Date : 2002-10-02 DOI: 10.1109/WODES.2002.1167704
B. Krogh
A standard approach to the formal analysis of hybrid systems (that is, systems with both continuous and discrete state variables) is to first construct purely discrete-state models, usually by building transition systems based on finite partitions of the continuous state space. Analysis and synthesis techniques for discrete-state systems are then applied to the discrete model to verify properties of the hybrid system and to synthesize supervisory controllers. This brief paper reviews the theory for discrete analysis of hybrid systems.
混合系统(即同时具有连续和离散状态变量的系统)的形式化分析的标准方法是首先构造纯粹的离散状态模型,通常是通过基于连续状态空间的有限划分构建过渡系统。然后将离散状态系统的分析和综合技术应用于离散模型,以验证混合系统的特性并合成监控控制器。本文综述了混合系统离散分析的理论。
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引用次数: 4
期刊
Sixth International Workshop on Discrete Event Systems, 2002. Proceedings.
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