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Occupational Health Problems among Workers of Cashew Processing Units in Kollam District, Kerala. 喀拉拉邦Kollam地区腰果加工单位工人的职业健康问题
IF 0.8 Q4 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.4103/ijoem.ijoem_318_23
Devika G Nair, Paul T Francis, Jeby J Olickal, Kavumpurathu R Thankappan

The cashew processing industry plays a vital role in supporting the livelihoods of a large number of individuals in southern Kerala. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of occupational health problems and associated factors among cashew workers. This cross-sectional survey was conducted among 360 cashew workers. Socio-demographics, musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), respiratory symptoms, and dermatological problems were collected through a scheduled interview. Log binomial regression analysis was done. The prevalence of MSDs, chronic lung diseases (CLDs), and dermatological problems were 55.8%, 18.9%, and 47.5%, respectively. Female workers and workers with a lower education level were significantly more likely to report MSDs. Male workers and those with more years of employment were significantly more likely to report CLDs. Workers in the shelling and peeling section were significantly more likely to report dermatological problems. Targeted interventions to improve the occupational health of cashew workers are needed.

腰果加工业在支持喀拉拉邦南部大量个人的生计方面发挥着至关重要的作用。因此,本研究旨在确定腰果工人职业健康问题的患病率及相关因素。这项横断面调查在360名腰果工人中进行。通过预定的访谈收集社会人口统计学、肌肉骨骼疾病(MSDs)、呼吸道症状和皮肤病问题。进行对数二项回归分析。MSDs、慢性肺部疾病(CLDs)和皮肤病患病率分别为55.8%、18.9%和47.5%。女性工人和受教育程度较低的工人更有可能报告msd。男性工人和工作年限较长的工人更有可能报告cld。剥壳和剥皮部分的工人更有可能报告皮肤问题。有必要采取有针对性的干预措施,改善腰果工人的职业健康。
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引用次数: 0
Burden and Risk Factors of Occupational Noise-Induced Hearing Loss Among Employees Working at an International Airport in Eastern India. 东印度某国际机场工作人员职业性噪音听力损失的负担及风险因素
IF 0.8 Q4 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.4103/ijoem.ijoem_163_23
Alapan Bandyopadhyay, Abhijit Mukherjee, Gautam Dhar, Arup J Rout

Background: Occupational noise-induced hearing loss (ONIHL) is the commonest occupational disease globally. However, literature on ONIHL in airport employees of developing countries is scarce.

Aims: To assess the burden of ONIHL and its associated factors among employees working at an international airport in Eastern India.

Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 212 such airport employees who had been working in the airport for >1 year. By stratified random sampling, participants were recruited from airfield, terminal, and administration sections. ONIHL was measured using a portable audiometer and noise exposure using a sound-level meter.

Results: The mean age was 34.1 ± 9.2 years, 89.2% were men. The mean year of working in the airport was 7.6 ± 6.3 years. The 8-hour-time-equivalent noise exposure ranged from 56.6 to 86.5 dBA. Approximately 50% of the employees do not wear any hearing protection equipment when working. Prevalence of ONIHL was found to be 7.6%. On multivariable analysis, higher noise exposure and use of hearing protection equipment were found to be positively and negatively associated with ONHIL, respectively.

Conclusion: ONIHL was found to be prevalent among employees working at the airport, and focus should be given on reducing noise exposure levels and ensuring use of protective equipment among the employees.

背景:职业性噪声性听力损失是全球最常见的职业病。然而,关于发展中国家机场员工的ONIHL的文献很少。目的:评估东印度某国际机场工作人员的ONIHL负担及其相关因素。方法:采用横断面研究的方法,对在机场工作了100年以上的212名机场员工进行调查。采用分层随机抽样的方法,从机场、航站楼和行政部门招募参与者。使用便携式听力计测量onhl,使用声级计测量噪声暴露。结果:平均年龄34.1±9.2岁,男性占89.2%。平均在机场工作年数为7.6±6.3年。8小时时间等效噪声暴露范围为56.6至86.5 dBA。大约50%的员工在工作时没有佩戴任何听力保护设备。ONIHL的患病率为7.6%。在多变量分析中,高噪音暴露和使用听力保护设备分别与ONHIL呈正相关和负相关。结论:机场工作人员普遍存在ONIHL,应重视降低噪声暴露水平和确保员工使用防护装备。
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引用次数: 0
Sero-prevalence of Hepatitis B and C Viruses in Municipal Waste Collectors in Southwest of Iran. 伊朗西南部城市垃圾收集者乙型和丙型肝炎病毒的血清流行率
IF 0.8 Q4 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.4103/ijoem.ijoem_212_23
Mahmood Dhahir Al-Mendalawi
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引用次数: 0
Occupational Hazards, Associated Ocular Morbidities and Impact of Refractive Safety Eyewear among Agriculture Workers in India - A Two State Study. 印度农业工人的职业危害、相关眼部发病率和屈光安全眼镜的影响——一项两州研究。
IF 0.8 Q4 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.4103/ijoem.ijoem_254_23
Suresh Janani, Srinivasan Krithica, Sachi B Saranya, Shinde Lakshmi, Ram M R Nivethikka, Jathanna J Shefali, Subramaniyam Saravanan, K Eshwari, Ramesh S Ve, Asokan Rashima

Context: Agriculture is one of the occupations with the highest risk of injuries and fatalities but the farmers are ignorant about eye care and eye safety.

Aim: The current study aims at understanding the occupational hazard and ocular morbidities associated with agriculture and the effect of safety eyewear.

Settings and design: Multicenteric, cross-sectional, observational study was conducted in two states of India: Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. Subjects were agriculture workers recruited by convenience sampling.

Methods and material: The study was done in three phases: Phase 1: Visual task analysis (VTA), Phase 2: Comprehensive eye examination, and Phase 3: Spectacle compliance assessment. The Standard of Living Index scale was administered to assess the socioeconomic status of the participants.

Statistical analysis used: Descriptive statistics and logistic regression.

Results: A study involving 276 workers (39.4% male, 65.2% female) found that VTA agricultural tasks were visually less demanding but hazardous, carrying the risk of ocular and nonocular injuries. Ocular injuries accounted for 9.4% (26 cases), while nonocular injuries accounted for 9.8% (27 cases). Spectacle compliance assessment revealed that 91.8% (157 out of 171 workers) reported improved visual comfort, reduced dust exposure, and enhanced safety with safety eyewear.

Conclusions: This study illustrates numerous types of hazards associated with the occupation of farming. The study population had a 9.4% prevalence of ocular injuries. Refractive safety eyewear was reported to improve worker visual comfort.

背景:农业是伤害和死亡风险最高的职业之一,但农民对眼睛护理和眼睛安全一无所知。目的:本研究旨在了解与农业相关的职业危害和眼部疾病,以及安全眼镜的作用。背景和设计:在印度泰米尔纳德邦和卡纳塔克邦这两个邦开展了多中心、横断面观察性研究。研究对象为农业工人,采用方便抽样法。方法和材料:研究分为三个阶段:第1阶段:视觉任务分析(VTA),第2阶段:眼科综合检查,第3阶段:眼镜依从性评估。使用生活水平指数量表来评估参与者的社会经济地位。使用的统计分析:描述性统计和逻辑回归。结果:一项涉及276名工人(男性39.4%,女性65.2%)的研究发现,VTA农业任务对视力的要求较低,但危险,有眼部和非眼部损伤的风险。眼部损伤占9.4%(26例),非眼部损伤占9.8%(27例)。眼镜依从性评估显示,171名工人中有157名(91.8%)报告佩戴安全眼镜后视觉舒适度得到改善,粉尘暴露减少,安全性提高。结论:这项研究说明了与农业职业相关的许多类型的危害。研究人群眼部损伤发生率为9.4%。据报道,屈光安全眼镜可以改善工人的视觉舒适度。
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引用次数: 0
Need for Social Compliance. 社会责任的需要。
IF 0.8 Q4 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.4103/ijoem.ijoem_251_24
Bobby Joseph, Naveen Ramesh
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引用次数: 0
Occupational Health Hazards of Unburnt Tobacco among the 1039 Rural Women Beedi Rollers in the Northern Districts of Telangana State. 泰伦加纳邦北部地区1039名农村妇女未燃烟草对职业健康的危害
IF 0.8 Q4 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.4103/ijoem.ijoem_330_23
Penagaluru Pardhanandana Reddy, Baluka Vanitha, Lakkampelly Madhuri, Shehnaz Sultana, Busarapu Manideep, Ch Prashanth

Background: Women roll beedis from a young age and expose continuously to unburnt tobacco dust for many years. Due to poverty, ignorance, and lack of literacy, women and young individuals engage in less profitable occupation. The study was conducted in a large sample to know the occupational health morbidities in rural women.

Materials and methods: Women beedi rollers and nonbeedi rollers living in villages of Jagitial and Nizamabad districts were selected for the study. Individuals who signed consent are interviewed about their health profile using a predesigned standard questionnaire.

Result: A high frequency of general health problems was observed in the present study. Hypertension, body pains, and headache are the most prevalent health issues observed in more than half of beedi rollers.

Conclusion: Awareness programs must be implemented to decrease the health hazards and provide alternate job opportunities for better health.

背景:妇女从小就卷烟,多年来一直暴露在未燃烧的烟草粉尘中。由于贫穷、无知和缺乏文化,妇女和年轻人从事利润较低的职业。为了了解农村妇女的职业健康发病率,本研究在一个大样本中进行。材料与方法:选取居住在Jagitial和Nizamabad地区村庄的妇女和非妇女为研究对象。使用预先设计的标准问卷对签署同意的个人进行健康状况访谈。结果:一般健康问题在本研究中出现频率较高。高血压,身体疼痛和头痛是最普遍的健康问题观察到一半以上的滚豆。结论:必须实施意识规划,以减少健康危害,并为更好的健康提供替代工作机会。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of the Relationship between Atherosclerosis Cardiovascular Disease Risk Profile and Occupational Profile to the WHO Cardiovascular Risk Chart 2019 for South-East Asia in Oil and Gas Industry. 东南亚石油和天然气行业动脉粥样硬化心血管疾病风险概况与职业概况的关系分析
IF 0.8 Q4 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.4103/ijoem.ijoem_304_23
Freade Akbar, Agus Sugiharto, Marsen Isbayu Putra, Aria Kekalih, Dewi S Soemarko, Isman Firdaus

The World Health Organization (WHO) has launched a new 10-year cardiovascular risk prediction recommendation known as the WHO Cardiovascular Risk Chart 2019 (WHO CRC). However, there is currently no assessment available regarding the relationship between ASCVD classic and occupational profiles to WHO CRC, specifically in occupational settings and in the context of the Indonesian Heart Association's (IHA) adjusted version of the WHO CRC for South-East Asia (WHO CRC-INA). This study aims to fill this gap by examining the relationship between classic (Atherosclerosis Cardiovascular Disease) ASCVD and occupational profiles within the oil and gas industry, specifically the WHO CRC-INA. This study is analytical cross-sectional research data were analyzed using the Chi-square test and logistic regression, with a significance level of P < 0.05. The research using total sampling method amounted to 240 workers from January to May 2022 of Medical Check Up (MCU) in a major oil and gas company. The ASCVD risk measurement instrument uses the final score of the WHO CRC-INA, grouped into low- and medium-high risk. Analysis showed that occupational profiles had a relationship with WHO CRC-INA medium-high risk, as seen in the bivariate analysis for shift work and work type (P = 0.018; OR = 2,045) had a relationship with WHO CRC-INA medium-high risk.

世界卫生组织(世卫组织)发布了一项新的10年心血管风险预测建议,即《2019年世卫组织心血管风险图表》(WHO CRC)。然而,目前尚无关于ASCVD经典和职业概况与世卫组织CRC之间关系的评估,特别是在职业环境中以及印度尼西亚心脏协会(IHA)修订的世卫组织东南亚CRC (WHO CRC- ina)的背景下。本研究旨在通过研究经典(动脉粥样硬化心血管疾病)ASCVD与石油和天然气行业(特别是WHO CRC-INA)职业概况之间的关系来填补这一空白。本研究采用横断面分析,研究资料采用卡方检验和logistic回归进行分析,显著性水平P < 0.05。采用全抽样方法,对某大型油气公司医疗体检(MCU)员工240人进行了研究。ASCVD风险测量工具使用世卫组织CRC-INA的最终评分,分为低风险和中高风险。分析显示,职业概况与WHO CRC-INA中高风险相关,这在轮班工作和工作类型的双变量分析中可见(P = 0.018;OR = 2045)与WHO CRC-INA中高风险相关。
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引用次数: 0
A Descriptive Study of Pulmonary Function Comparison Between Spot Welding and Assembly Line Workers in a Large Automotive Factory in Iran. 伊朗某大型汽车厂点焊工人与装配线工人肺功能比较的描述性研究。
IF 0.8 Q4 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.4103/ijoem.ijoem_16_24
Maryam Saraei, Ramin Mehrdad, Mahsa Naserpour, Omid Aminaian, Gholamraza Pouryaghoub, Sahar Eftekhari, Tahereh Vahdati, Hamidreza Pouragha

Background: This study seeks to define the pulmonary function of a considerably large group in one of the largest automotive companies in Iran. The aim of this study was to compare the two groups of spot-welding (exposed) and assembly line (unexposed) workers in terms of pulmonary function and conclude the probable impacts of metal fumes on pulmonary function in the two groups.

Methods: A total of 1,798 spot-welding personnel and 2,160 assembly line personnel were compared in terms of pulmonary function. Moreover, 120 breathing zone samples were collected from the welders' metal fumes and were analyzed. The parameters of age, anthropometric indices, smoking, and pulmonary symptoms were also compared with across the two groups.

Results: Results revealed the FEV1 mean of the total population to be 3.9 ± 0.5 liters and FVC to have been 4.9 ± 0.7 liters. Besides, predicted FEV1 and FVC percentages across the whole population were close to 100%, suggesting the better condition of the studied population compared with normal individuals in the society. All the parameters of age, weight, height, and smoking status were similar in the two groups, and no statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of pulmonary functions.

Conclusion: Implementation of professional health and health improvement programs, running screening programs, and hiring personnel with no history of mild pulmonary disorders, and healthy workers effect at the recruitment stage could be the reasons behind the lack of significant difference between the two exposed and unexposed groups to metal fumes in the automotive industry in terms of pulmonary function.

背景:本研究旨在确定一个相当大的群体在伊朗最大的汽车公司之一的肺功能。本研究的目的是比较两组点焊工人(暴露)和装配线工人(未暴露)的肺功能,并得出金属烟雾对两组肺功能的可能影响。方法:对1798名点焊工人和2160名流水线工人进行肺功能比较。此外,从焊工的金属烟雾中采集了120个呼吸区样本并进行了分析。年龄、人体测量指标、吸烟和肺部症状等参数也在两组间进行比较。结果:人口FEV1平均值为3.9±0.5升,FVC平均值为4.9±0.7升。此外,整个人群的FEV1和FVC预测百分比接近100%,表明研究人群的状况优于社会上的正常个体。两组患者的年龄、体重、身高、吸烟情况等参数均无明显差异,肺功能差异无统计学意义。结论:汽车工业金属烟雾暴露组与未暴露组肺功能差异不显著的原因可能是在招聘阶段实施专业健康与健康改善计划、开展筛查计划、聘用无轻度肺部疾病史的人员以及健康工人效应。
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引用次数: 0
Binocular Vision Status in Coal Miners. 煤矿工人双目视觉状况。
IF 0.8 Q4 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.4103/ijoem.ijoem_137_23
Animesh Mondal, Sourav Karmakar, Eram Khan, Gaurav K Bhardwaj, Ayushi Ahuja

Context: Low light in mines can cause ocular problems such as binocular vision impairment and poor hand-eye coordination. These eye diseases must be monitored.

Aims: To evaluate the binocular vision status of coal mine workers.

Settings and design: This was a prospective cross-sectional study of the coal mining industry in Digwadih, Jharkhand.

Methods and material: In the present study, 134 coal miners underwent a thorough, comprehensive ocular examination and binocular vision evaluation; seventy were excluded because of ocular disorders. After discussing the goals of the study, the subjects provided signed informed consent. For statistical analysis, descriptive statistics were analyzed using Microsoft Excel. The normality of the data was then verified using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test.

Results: All participants were male and aged between 25 and 35 years. Nonstrabismus binocular vision dysfunctions (NSBVDs) were observed in coal miners. Convergence insufficiency was the most prevalent factor. Apart from the NSBVD, many coal miners have a chalazion with the highest percentile of 11.2.

Conclusions: Poor mine lighting causes NSBVD, which affects miners' vision. Binocular vision defects may reduce productivity if not detected or treated.

背景:矿井里光线不足会导致双眼视力受损和手眼协调能力差等眼部问题。这些眼病必须加以监测。目的:了解煤矿工人的双眼视力状况。环境和设计:这是一项对贾坎德邦迪格瓦迪煤矿开采行业的前瞻性横断面研究。方法与材料:本研究对134名煤矿工人进行了彻底、全面的眼部检查和双眼视力评估;70例因眼部疾病被排除在外。在讨论研究目标后,受试者提供了签署的知情同意书。统计分析采用Microsoft Excel进行描述性统计。然后使用Kolmogorov-Smirnov检验验证数据的正态性。结果:所有参与者均为男性,年龄在25至35岁之间。煤矿工人非斜视双眼视力障碍(nsbvd)。收敛不足是最常见的因素。除NSBVD外,许多煤矿工人的百分位数最高,为11.2。结论:矿井照明条件差导致NSBVD,影响矿工视力。双眼视力缺陷可能会降低生产力,如果不检测或治疗。
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引用次数: 0
A Critical Assessment of Boundary Limits of Health Risks Associated with WBV Exposure Based on Field Studies on LHD Vehicles in Indian Underground Coal Mines. 基于印度地下煤矿LHD车辆现场研究的WBV暴露相关健康风险边界临界评估
IF 0.8 Q4 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.4103/ijoem.ijoem_303_23
Amit Sharma, Bibhuti B Mandal

Purpose: The mining sector plays a pivotal role in meeting global resource demands, necessitating the extensive use of heavy earth-moving machinery (HEMM). Among these, load-haul-dump (LHD) mining vehicles are vital but expose operators to whole-body vibration (WBV) and shocks during their duties. Research indicates potential health risks associated with occupational WBV exposure, including musculoskeletal disorders. Evaluating these risks typically employs ISO 2631-1:1997, which, however, has limitations in addressing long-term exposure and shock effects.

Methods: This study quantifies the health risks of LHD operators in Indian underground coal mines using ISO 2631-5:2018 and compares it to ISO 2631-1:1997. The methods for risk quantification from WBV vary between the two standards, leading to a comprehensive comparison. In addition, a cross-sectional study was undertaken to assess self-reported musculoskeletal pain among LHD operators.

Results: The results were compared in accordance with frequency-weighted root mean square (RMS) values, vibration dose values (VDV), daily compressive dose (Sd A), and the risk of injury (RA) factor. The assessment using A(8), VDV, Sd A, and RA produced diverse evaluations, influencing varying perspectives on occupational health despite significant risks. ISO 2631-5:2018 consistently suggested a lower health risk for LHD operators as opposed to ISO 2631-1:1997. Seat effective amplitude transmissibility (SEAT) values showed amplification of vibration in the range of 4-8 Hz. Self-reported musculoskeletal pain indicated the prevalence of discomfort among operators.

Conclusion: The study emphasizes a cautious approach when interpreting results and shaping guidelines to ensure sustainable development through the well-being of mining industry workers.

目的:采矿部门在满足全球资源需求方面起着关键作用,因此需要广泛使用重型挖土机械。其中,载重倾卸(LHD)采矿车是至关重要的,但在工作期间,操作员会受到全身振动(WBV)和冲击。研究表明,职业性接触白腹病毒会带来潜在的健康风险,包括肌肉骨骼疾病。评估这些风险通常采用ISO 2631- 1:20 97,然而,在解决长期暴露和冲击影响方面存在局限性。方法:本研究采用ISO 2631-5:2018对印度地下煤矿LHD操作员的健康风险进行量化,并与ISO 2631- 1:20 97进行比较。两个标准对WBV进行风险量化的方法不同,需要进行综合比较。此外,还进行了一项横断面研究,以评估LHD手术者自我报告的肌肉骨骼疼痛。结果:根据频率加权均方根(RMS)值、振动剂量值(VDV)、日压缩剂量(Sd A)和损伤风险因子(RA)对结果进行比较。使用A(8)、VDV、Sd A和RA进行的评估产生了不同的评价,尽管存在重大风险,但对职业健康的不同观点产生了影响。ISO 2631-5:2018始终表明,与ISO 2631- 1:20 97相比,LHD操作员的健康风险更低。座椅有效振幅传递率(Seat)值在4 ~ 8 Hz范围内表现出振动放大。自我报告的肌肉骨骼疼痛表明操作者普遍存在不适。结论:该研究强调在解释结果和制定指导方针时要谨慎行事,以确保通过采矿业工人的福祉实现可持续发展。
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引用次数: 0
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Indian Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
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