Pub Date : 2021-08-10DOI: 10.15586/jrenhep.v5i2.109
D. Coco, S. Leanza
Purpose: To retrospectively evaluated databases for indications and results of “bench surgery Technique” in ex vivo or ex situ renal cancer resection as a lost alternative of savage renal function in renal malignancy. Materials and methods:We have retrospectively evaluated PUBMED databases. Studies was evaluated from 2010 to 2020.Only very few studies analyzed a Conclusion: Ex vivo Renal Resection and Autotransplantation (ERRA) is the lost chance in patient with renal cancer and demonstrated numerous problems during and after surgery.We noted that in some patients, however, it provided good control of the cancer,avoided long-term dialysis, avoided renal transplantation giving to the patients a good quality of life.
{"title":"Ex vivo Resection for Renal Cancer: Indications and Results in Specific Clinical Scenarios","authors":"D. Coco, S. Leanza","doi":"10.15586/jrenhep.v5i2.109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/jrenhep.v5i2.109","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To retrospectively evaluated databases for indications and results of “bench surgery Technique” in ex vivo or ex situ renal cancer resection as a lost alternative of savage renal function in renal malignancy. \u0000Materials and methods:We have retrospectively evaluated PUBMED databases. Studies was evaluated from 2010 to 2020.Only very few studies analyzed a \u0000Conclusion: Ex vivo Renal Resection and Autotransplantation (ERRA) is the lost chance in patient with renal cancer and demonstrated numerous problems during and after surgery.We noted that in some patients, however, it provided good control of the cancer,avoided long-term dialysis, avoided renal transplantation giving to the patients a good quality of life.","PeriodicalId":435887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Renal and Hepatic Disorders","volume":"139 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127468324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-10DOI: 10.15586/JRENHEP.V5I2.114
Ali Dahouk, L. Sinno, Housam Rabah
Bacteremia in dialysis patients is a major risk factor of mortality. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of dialysis with high-flux versus low-flux dialyzer regarding risk of bacteremia in dialysis patients. This was a retrospective cohort study that included dialysis patients who underwent dialysis therapy at old dialysis center where old low-flux dialyzers were used and the new dialysis center where high-flux dialyzers were used. The rate of positive culture was more in high-flux group (37.0%) compared to low-flux group (24.5%), although the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.13). The vascular access was mostly permanent catheter in high-flux group compared to low-flux group (48.9% vs. 28.6%, respectively; P = 0.06), while arteriovenous (AV) fistula was more prominent in low-flux group compared to high-flux group (65.3% vs. 47.8%, respectively; P = 0.06). This was reflected in the type of bacteria, which was mostly from Gram-positive family (Staphylococcus). The results showed higher risk of bacteremia in high-flux group as compared to low-flux group; however, permanent catheters were more prominent in high-flux group.
{"title":"Effect of High-Flux versus Low-Flux Dialysis on the Rate of Bacteremia in Hemodialysis Patients","authors":"Ali Dahouk, L. Sinno, Housam Rabah","doi":"10.15586/JRENHEP.V5I2.114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/JRENHEP.V5I2.114","url":null,"abstract":"Bacteremia in dialysis patients is a major risk factor of mortality. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of dialysis with high-flux versus low-flux dialyzer regarding risk of bacteremia in dialysis patients. This was a retrospective cohort study that included dialysis patients who underwent dialysis therapy at old dialysis center where old low-flux dialyzers were used and the new dialysis center where high-flux dialyzers were used. The rate of positive culture was more in high-flux group (37.0%) compared to low-flux group (24.5%), although the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.13). The vascular access was mostly permanent catheter in high-flux group compared to low-flux group (48.9% vs. 28.6%, respectively; P = 0.06), while arteriovenous (AV) fistula was more prominent in low-flux group compared to high-flux group (65.3% vs. 47.8%, respectively; P = 0.06). This was reflected in the type of bacteria, which was mostly from Gram-positive family (Staphylococcus). The results showed higher risk of bacteremia in high-flux group as compared to low-flux group; however, permanent catheters were more prominent in high-flux group.","PeriodicalId":435887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Renal and Hepatic Disorders","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125429493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.15586/jrenhep.v5i1.102
Anjani Bakshi, Kalyani Singh, A. Siddhu
With accelerated muscle proteolysis, a decrease in muscle mass is evident in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. This eventually leads to nutritional disturbance that for a long has been mostly attributed to malnutrition. This predisposes patients to premature morbidity and mortality. Assessing body composition, thus, becomes vital. In this cross-sectional study, CKD patients (n = 47) of stages 2, 3a, 3b and 4 were assessed for their lean tissue mass, adipose tissue mass and overhydration by body composition monitor. Lean tissue index and fat tissue index were calculated as lean tissue mass and adipose tissue mass in kilogram divided by patients’ height in square meters. Patients were assessed for their handgrip strength (HGS) by Jamar hydraulic hand dynamometer, and also for their 7-day diet history. Mean lean tissue index of CKD patients was 11.73 ± 2.49 kg/m2. About 34 (72.3%) out of 47 patients were below the reference value of lean tissue index. A significant difference in lean tissue index (P = 0.03) was observed at various stages. Patients at stage 4 had the lowest lean tissue index. Lean tissue was significantly (P = 0.03) low in patients consuming protein <0.6 gm/kg/day. All 47 patients had less than normal HGS values. Patients’ mean fat tissue index was 14.86 ± 6.18 kg/m2 and had water retention with a mean overhydration of 1.47 ± 2.12 L. CKD patients were malnourished with a significant low lean tissue index. Dietary protein intake and HGS of these patients were positively associated with lean tissue index.
{"title":"Body Composition of Chronic Kidney Disease Patients","authors":"Anjani Bakshi, Kalyani Singh, A. Siddhu","doi":"10.15586/jrenhep.v5i1.102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/jrenhep.v5i1.102","url":null,"abstract":"With accelerated muscle proteolysis, a decrease in muscle mass is evident in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. This eventually leads to nutritional disturbance that for a long has been mostly attributed to malnutrition. This predisposes patients to premature morbidity and mortality. Assessing body composition, thus, becomes vital. In this cross-sectional study, CKD patients (n = 47) of stages 2, 3a, 3b and 4 were assessed for their lean tissue mass, adipose tissue mass and overhydration by body composition monitor. Lean tissue index and fat tissue index were calculated as lean tissue mass and adipose tissue mass in kilogram divided by patients’ height in square meters. Patients were assessed for their handgrip strength (HGS) by Jamar hydraulic hand dynamometer, and also for their 7-day diet history. Mean lean tissue index of CKD patients was 11.73 ± 2.49 kg/m2. About 34 (72.3%) out of 47 patients were below the reference value of lean tissue index. A significant difference in lean tissue index (P = 0.03) was observed at various stages. Patients at stage 4 had the lowest lean tissue index. Lean tissue was significantly (P = 0.03) low in patients consuming protein <0.6 gm/kg/day. All 47 patients had less than normal HGS values. Patients’ mean fat tissue index was 14.86 ± 6.18 kg/m2 and had water retention with a mean overhydration of 1.47 ± 2.12 L. CKD patients were malnourished with a significant low lean tissue index. Dietary protein intake and HGS of these patients were positively associated with lean tissue index.","PeriodicalId":435887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Renal and Hepatic Disorders","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116063187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-28DOI: 10.15586/jrenhep.v5i1.112
A. Ghazanfar, Afifa Asghar, F. Zaman, H. Mumtaz, S. Habib, Shahzaib Ahmad
A gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common mesenchymal tumor of the gastrointestinal tract. It is caused by the mutation in KIT and PDGFRα genes. It constitutes <1% of all gastrointestinal tumors. Duodenal GISTs constitute 4.5% of all GISTs. We report a 61-year-old lady, presented with generalized abdominal pain, vomiting, abdominal distension, and nausea for the last 3 years. Physical exam-ination showed a pallor and on abdominal examination, a large palpable mass was extending from the pelvis to the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. The CT scan showed a large heterogeneously echogenic mass in the abdomen and pelvis with no lymphadenopathy and distant metastasis in this region. Laparotomy showed a large globular mass extending from the pelvis to the right upper quadrant of the abdomen adherent to the wall of a third part of the duodenum. Complete surgical resection of tumor done with an intact capsule. Microscopic examination showed neoplastic spindle cells with tumor necrosis. An immunohistochemical study confirmed GIST.
{"title":"A Case Presentation of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor of Duodenum","authors":"A. Ghazanfar, Afifa Asghar, F. Zaman, H. Mumtaz, S. Habib, Shahzaib Ahmad ","doi":"10.15586/jrenhep.v5i1.112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/jrenhep.v5i1.112","url":null,"abstract":"A gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common mesenchymal tumor of the gastrointestinal tract. It is caused by the mutation in KIT and PDGFRα genes. It constitutes <1% of all gastrointestinal tumors. Duodenal GISTs constitute 4.5% of all GISTs. We report a 61-year-old lady, presented with generalized abdominal pain, vomiting, abdominal distension, and nausea for the last 3 years. Physical exam-ination showed a pallor and on abdominal examination, a large palpable mass was extending from the pelvis to the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. The CT scan showed a large heterogeneously echogenic mass in the abdomen and pelvis with no lymphadenopathy and distant metastasis in this region. Laparotomy showed a large globular mass extending from the pelvis to the right upper quadrant of the abdomen adherent to the wall of a third part of the duodenum. Complete surgical resection of tumor done with an intact capsule. Microscopic examination showed neoplastic spindle cells with tumor necrosis. An immunohistochemical study confirmed GIST.","PeriodicalId":435887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Renal and Hepatic Disorders","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123854035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-19DOI: 10.15586/JRENHEP.V5I1.96
Lucy Petagine, Hannah E. Everitt, V. Preedy, R. Sherwood, V. Patel
Teenage binge drinking is a major health issue; however, there is a paucity of data on liver injury. Herein, we investigated how acute ethanol affects juvenile hepatic cells through changes in oxidative stress, apoptosis, and liver function, as well as the ability of betaine, which can replen-ish the antioxidant glutathione and mitigate oxidative injury. Juvenile male Wistar rats were given either water or betaine (2% w/v) for 6 days and treated with either saline 0.15 mol/L NaCl or ethanol (75 mmol/kg bodyweight). After 24 h, liver enzymes, oxidative damage, apoptosis, and parameters of antioxidant enzyme activity were examined. Acute ethanol increased hepatic enzymes (99%, P < 0.05). Total protein and albumin levels were reduced by 14 and 18% (P < 0.001), respectively, which was prevented by betaine treatment. Cytosolic cytochrome c increased by 59% (P < 0.05), corresponding to a decrease in mitochondrial cytochrome c content, which was ameliorated with betaine. Cytosolic glutathione peroxidase was reduced with alcohol (P < 0.05) and was prevented with betaine. Subtle changes were observed in catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, and complex I activity after ethanol treatment. In summary, whilst juvenile animals appear to have higher basal levels of antioxidant enzymes, betaine conferred some protection against alcohol-induced oxidative stress.
{"title":"Acute Alcohol Tissue Damage: Protective Properties of Betaine","authors":"Lucy Petagine, Hannah E. Everitt, V. Preedy, R. Sherwood, V. Patel","doi":"10.15586/JRENHEP.V5I1.96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/JRENHEP.V5I1.96","url":null,"abstract":"Teenage binge drinking is a major health issue; however, there is a paucity of data on liver injury. Herein, we investigated how acute ethanol affects juvenile hepatic cells through changes in oxidative stress, apoptosis, and liver function, as well as the ability of betaine, which can replen-ish the antioxidant glutathione and mitigate oxidative injury. Juvenile male Wistar rats were given either water or betaine (2% w/v) for 6 days and treated with either saline 0.15 mol/L NaCl or ethanol (75 mmol/kg bodyweight). After 24 h, liver enzymes, oxidative damage, apoptosis, and parameters of antioxidant enzyme activity were examined. Acute ethanol increased hepatic enzymes (99%, P < 0.05). Total protein and albumin levels were reduced by 14 and 18% (P < 0.001), respectively, which was prevented by betaine treatment. Cytosolic cytochrome c increased by 59% (P < 0.05), corresponding to a decrease in mitochondrial cytochrome c content, which was ameliorated with betaine. Cytosolic glutathione peroxidase was reduced with alcohol (P < 0.05) and was prevented with betaine. Subtle changes were observed in catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, and complex I activity after ethanol treatment. In summary, whilst juvenile animals appear to have higher basal levels of antioxidant enzymes, betaine conferred some protection against alcohol-induced oxidative stress.","PeriodicalId":435887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Renal and Hepatic Disorders","volume":"60 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116164484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-27DOI: 10.15586/JRENHEP.V5I1.88
C. Middleton, W. Daley, N. Varshney
The clinical features of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are variable, but the majority of patients experience mild flu-like symptoms. The cases of severe disease include complications such as progressive pneumonia, acute kidney injury, multi-organ failure, and even death. This paper explores the association between COVID-19 and its effect on multiple organ systems and how the subsequent treatment of this disease can itself lead to morbidity and mortality. We present a case which emphasizes the life threatening gastrointestinal complications associated with treatment of acute kidney injury (AKI) in a patient with COVID-19. We conclude that the patients whose treatment regimens utilize medical resins should be closely monitored for gastrointestinal complications so as to mitigate the known adverse effects associated with these drugs, such as colonic mucosal ulceration, perforation, or even death.
{"title":"The Indirect Implication of SARS-CoV-2 Resulting in Kayexalate Toxicity in a Patient with Acute Kidney Injury","authors":"C. Middleton, W. Daley, N. Varshney","doi":"10.15586/JRENHEP.V5I1.88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/JRENHEP.V5I1.88","url":null,"abstract":"The clinical features of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are variable, but the majority of patients experience mild flu-like symptoms. The cases of severe disease include complications such as progressive pneumonia, acute kidney injury, multi-organ failure, and even death. This paper explores the association between COVID-19 and its effect on multiple organ systems and how the subsequent treatment of this disease can itself lead to morbidity and mortality. We present a case which emphasizes the life threatening gastrointestinal complications associated with treatment of acute kidney injury (AKI) in a patient with COVID-19. We conclude that the patients whose treatment regimens utilize medical resins should be closely monitored for gastrointestinal complications so as to mitigate the known adverse effects associated with these drugs, such as colonic mucosal ulceration, perforation, or even death.","PeriodicalId":435887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Renal and Hepatic Disorders","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132413254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-18DOI: 10.15586/jrenhep.v4i2.84
T. Gupta
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Chronic liver disease due to viral hepatitis, alcohol, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, etc are risk factors for HCC development. Triphasic contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abdomen are modalities for HCC diagnosis best for lesions >2 cm size. For lesions <2 cm size, liquid biopsy with the determination of cell-free DNA in the blood is a newly emerging technique for diagnosis as well as for the planning of molecular targeted therapy. With the new concept of “Treatment stage migration”, the updated Barcelona clinic liver cancer (BCLC) algorithm for HCC management allows the best treatment modality for an individual patient. In addition to definitive therapy of resection and liver transplantation, palliative therapies like ablation, transarterial embolization, and others can be used. Among molecular targeted therapies for advanced BCLC stage C HCC, lenvatinib as first line, regorafenib and cabozantinib as second line therapy have been approved recently. The checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs), nivolumab and pembrolizumab, have revolutionized oncology practice in other solid organ cancers and have shown promising results in HCC management.
{"title":"Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Review","authors":"T. Gupta","doi":"10.15586/jrenhep.v4i2.84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/jrenhep.v4i2.84","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Chronic liver disease due to viral hepatitis, alcohol, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, etc are risk factors for HCC development. Triphasic contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abdomen are modalities for HCC diagnosis best for lesions >2 cm size. For lesions <2 cm size, liquid biopsy with the determination of cell-free DNA in the blood is a newly emerging technique for diagnosis as well as for the planning of molecular targeted therapy. With the new concept of “Treatment stage migration”, the updated Barcelona clinic liver cancer (BCLC) algorithm for HCC management allows the best treatment modality for an individual patient. In addition to definitive therapy of resection and liver transplantation, palliative therapies like ablation, transarterial embolization, and others can be used. Among molecular targeted therapies for advanced BCLC stage C HCC, lenvatinib as first line, regorafenib and cabozantinib as second line therapy have been approved recently. The checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs), nivolumab and pembrolizumab, have revolutionized oncology practice in other solid organ cancers and have shown promising results in HCC management.","PeriodicalId":435887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Renal and Hepatic Disorders","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128213889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-15DOI: 10.15586/jrenhep.2020.76
M. Salvadori, A. Tsalouchos
The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 is a recent disease that originated in China by the end of 2019. The origins of the disease can be traced to bats, but it has been transmitted to humans, and the inter human transmission is particularly rampant which has led to a pandemic of unseen proportions. The organ principally involved is the lungs, and severe pneumonia with lack of oxygen leads to fatalities. The aim of this review was to study the involvement of the kidneys with regard to COVID-19 infection and how the disease may affect people on hemodialysis or those who have undergone a kidney transplant. Indeed, the virus, in addition to the lungs, may affect other vascularized organs to a common receptor on lung epithelium and the endothelium of any organ. The kidney, which has a large endothelium surface, is affected, and COVID-19 may lead to acute renal failure. On the other hand, the virus may easily spread among people who are on hemodialysis three times a week. People on hemodialysis may have low immunity, and the virus may have dangerous effects on such people. Finally, renal transplant patients may be easily affected, and the virus may have severe consequences, even death. We will summarize the principal prophylactic measures to be adopted and the therapeutic measures available. Clearly due to the recent occurrence of the pandemic the majority these measures lack a basis in evidence-based medicine and only highlight the efforts to limit COVID-19 induced damage.
{"title":"The Novel Coronavirus 2019 Epidemic and the Kidneys","authors":"M. Salvadori, A. Tsalouchos","doi":"10.15586/jrenhep.2020.76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/jrenhep.2020.76","url":null,"abstract":"The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 is a recent disease that originated in China by the end of 2019. The origins of the disease can be traced to bats, but it has been transmitted to humans, and the inter human transmission is particularly rampant which has led to a pandemic of unseen proportions. \u0000The organ principally involved is the lungs, and severe pneumonia with lack of oxygen leads to fatalities. \u0000 \u0000The aim of this review was to study the involvement of the kidneys with regard to COVID-19 infection and how the disease may affect people on hemodialysis or those who have undergone a kidney transplant. \u0000 \u0000Indeed, the virus, in addition to the lungs, may affect other vascularized organs to a common receptor on lung epithelium and the endothelium of any organ. \u0000The kidney, which has a large endothelium surface, is affected, and COVID-19 may lead to acute renal failure. \u0000 \u0000On the other hand, the virus may easily spread among people who are on hemodialysis three times a week. People on hemodialysis may have low immunity, and the virus may have dangerous effects on such people. \u0000Finally, renal transplant patients may be easily affected, and the virus may have severe consequences, even death. \u0000 \u0000We will summarize the principal prophylactic measures to be adopted and the therapeutic measures available. Clearly due to the recent occurrence of the pandemic the majority these measures lack a basis in evidence-based medicine and only highlight the efforts to limit COVID-19 induced damage. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":435887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Renal and Hepatic Disorders","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129033764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-09DOI: 10.15586/jrenhep.2019.56
Ernesto S. Robalino Gonzaga, A. Andrew, F. J. George
The complications of decompensated cirrhosis are well documented and include variceal bleeding, fluid retention, and hepatic encephalopathy. A less well recognized complication of cirrhosis is muscle wasting or sarcopenia. It is now recognized to have a significant impact on patient survival, especially in patients who are awaiting liver transplantation. An understanding of the pathophysiology of muscle protein homeostasis has led to several proposed mechanisms of sarcopenia and the potential to reverse muscle loss. This review discusses the potential mechanisms of sarcopenia and highlights the possible future means of reversing sarcopenia.
{"title":"Wasting Away with Cirrhosis: A Review of Hepatic Sarcopenia","authors":"Ernesto S. Robalino Gonzaga, A. Andrew, F. J. George","doi":"10.15586/jrenhep.2019.56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/jrenhep.2019.56","url":null,"abstract":"The complications of decompensated cirrhosis are well documented and include variceal bleeding, fluid retention, and hepatic encephalopathy. A less well recognized complication of cirrhosis is muscle wasting or sarcopenia. It is now recognized to have a significant impact on patient survival, especially in patients who are awaiting liver transplantation. An understanding of the pathophysiology of muscle protein homeostasis has led to several proposed mechanisms of sarcopenia and the potential to reverse muscle loss. This review discusses the potential mechanisms of sarcopenia and highlights the possible future means of reversing sarcopenia.","PeriodicalId":435887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Renal and Hepatic Disorders","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115476987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-18DOI: 10.15586/JRENHEP.2019.52
J. Chávez-Íñiguez, A. Meza-Rios, A. Santos-García, G. García-García, J. Armendáriz-Borunda
Cholemic nephropathy represents a spectrum of renal injury, from proximal tubulopathy to intrarenal bile cast formation, found in patients with severe liver dysfunction. It is caused by hyperbilirubinemia, usually in jaundiced patients. Acute kidney injury is one of the most important complications in patients with end-stage liver disease. The relationship between liver disease and renal impairment, especially the effect of hyperbilirubinemia on renal tissue and renal function, has not been fully elucidated. These considerations deem necessary for nephrologists, when performing a clinical evaluation of patients with liver diseases, for the implementation of an integrated medical approach. This review focuses on the current knowledge on cholemic nephropathy with emphasis on the role of hyperbilirubinemia on renal impairment. The treatment strategies and outcome are also discussed.
{"title":"Cholemic Nephropathy: Hyperbilirubinemia and its Impact on Renal Function","authors":"J. Chávez-Íñiguez, A. Meza-Rios, A. Santos-García, G. García-García, J. Armendáriz-Borunda","doi":"10.15586/JRENHEP.2019.52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/JRENHEP.2019.52","url":null,"abstract":"Cholemic nephropathy represents a spectrum of renal injury, from proximal tubulopathy to intrarenal bile cast formation, found in patients with severe liver dysfunction. It is caused by hyperbilirubinemia, usually in jaundiced patients. Acute kidney injury is one of the most important complications in patients with end-stage liver disease. The relationship between liver disease and renal impairment, especially the effect of hyperbilirubinemia on renal tissue and renal function, has not been fully elucidated. These considerations deem necessary for nephrologists, when performing a clinical evaluation of patients with liver diseases, for the implementation of an integrated medical approach. This review focuses on the current knowledge on cholemic nephropathy with emphasis on the role of hyperbilirubinemia on renal impairment. The treatment strategies and outcome are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":435887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Renal and Hepatic Disorders","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115141048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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