Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.1109/SEAA53835.2021.00052
Minhao Qiu, Marco Kryda, Florian Bock, T. Antesberger, D. Štraub, R. German
Multi-sensor systems are the key components of automated driving functions. They enhance the quality of the driving experience and assisting in preventing traffic accidents. Due to the rapid evolution of sensor technologies, sensor data collection errors occur rarely. Nonetheless, according to Safety Of The Intended Functionality (SOTIF), an erroneous interpretation of the sensor data can also cause safety hazards. For example the front-camera may not understand the meaning of a traffic sign. Due to safety concerns it is essential to analyze the system reliability throughout the whole development process. In this work, we present an approach to explore the sensor’s features, such as the dependencies between successive sensor detection errors and the correlation between different sensors on the KITTI dataset quantitatively. Besides, we apply the learned parameters to a proven multi-sensor system model, which is based on Discrete-time Markov chains, to estimate the reliability of a hypothetical Stereo camera-LiDAR based sensor system.
{"title":"Parameter tuning for a Markov-based multi-sensor system","authors":"Minhao Qiu, Marco Kryda, Florian Bock, T. Antesberger, D. Štraub, R. German","doi":"10.1109/SEAA53835.2021.00052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SEAA53835.2021.00052","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-sensor systems are the key components of automated driving functions. They enhance the quality of the driving experience and assisting in preventing traffic accidents. Due to the rapid evolution of sensor technologies, sensor data collection errors occur rarely. Nonetheless, according to Safety Of The Intended Functionality (SOTIF), an erroneous interpretation of the sensor data can also cause safety hazards. For example the front-camera may not understand the meaning of a traffic sign. Due to safety concerns it is essential to analyze the system reliability throughout the whole development process. In this work, we present an approach to explore the sensor’s features, such as the dependencies between successive sensor detection errors and the correlation between different sensors on the KITTI dataset quantitatively. Besides, we apply the learned parameters to a proven multi-sensor system model, which is based on Discrete-time Markov chains, to estimate the reliability of a hypothetical Stereo camera-LiDAR based sensor system.","PeriodicalId":435977,"journal":{"name":"2021 47th Euromicro Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications (SEAA)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126150794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.1109/SEAA53835.2021.00012
Kevin Feichtinger, Kristof Meixner, Rick Rabiser, S. Biffl
In software product line engineering, engineers and researchers use variability models to explicitly represent the commonalities and variability of software systems to foster systematic reuse. Variability modeling has been a field of extensive research for over three decades, including Systematic Literature Reviews (SLRs) and Systematic Mapping Studies (SMSs) to categorize and compare different approaches. Much effort goes into such (secondary) studies, partly because they are often done from scratch and searching for relevant studies for specific research questions is tedious. Systematic reuse of search results would benefit the community by improving the efficiency and quality of such studies. In this paper, we report on creating a curated data set of 78 key SLR/SMS publications and primary studies (e.g., surveys) on variability modeling by conducting a tertiary SMS on variability modeling. When using such a curated paper data set for a secondary study, we estimate researchers can save up to 50 percent effort in the search phase. We present the publicly available data set, which includes categorization of the studies and provides update mechanisms. We see our data set as a foundation for building a Variability Modeling Body of Knowledge (VMBoK). We illustrate the efficient use of the data set in two SLR examples. We argue that our process and the data set can be useful for various research communities to improve the efficiency and quality of secondary (and tertiary) studies.
{"title":"A Systematic Study as Foundation for a Variability Modeling Body of Knowledge","authors":"Kevin Feichtinger, Kristof Meixner, Rick Rabiser, S. Biffl","doi":"10.1109/SEAA53835.2021.00012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SEAA53835.2021.00012","url":null,"abstract":"In software product line engineering, engineers and researchers use variability models to explicitly represent the commonalities and variability of software systems to foster systematic reuse. Variability modeling has been a field of extensive research for over three decades, including Systematic Literature Reviews (SLRs) and Systematic Mapping Studies (SMSs) to categorize and compare different approaches. Much effort goes into such (secondary) studies, partly because they are often done from scratch and searching for relevant studies for specific research questions is tedious. Systematic reuse of search results would benefit the community by improving the efficiency and quality of such studies. In this paper, we report on creating a curated data set of 78 key SLR/SMS publications and primary studies (e.g., surveys) on variability modeling by conducting a tertiary SMS on variability modeling. When using such a curated paper data set for a secondary study, we estimate researchers can save up to 50 percent effort in the search phase. We present the publicly available data set, which includes categorization of the studies and provides update mechanisms. We see our data set as a foundation for building a Variability Modeling Body of Knowledge (VMBoK). We illustrate the efficient use of the data set in two SLR examples. We argue that our process and the data set can be useful for various research communities to improve the efficiency and quality of secondary (and tertiary) studies.","PeriodicalId":435977,"journal":{"name":"2021 47th Euromicro Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications (SEAA)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114725880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.1109/SEAA53835.2021.00023
Aleksander Fabijan, Benjamin Arai, Pavel A. Dmitriev, Lukas Vermeer
Companies run A/B tests to accelerate innovation and make informed data-driven decisions. At Microsoft alone, over twenty thousand A/B tests are ran each year helping decide which features maximize user value. Not all teams and companies succeed in establishing and growing their A/B testing programs. In this paper, we explore multiple-case studies at Microsoft, Outreach, Booking.com, and empirical data collected, and share our learnings for iteratively adopting and growing A/B testing. The main contribution of this paper is the A/B Testing Flywheel. This conceptual model illustrates iteratively navigating the value-investment cycle with the goal to scale A/B testing. In every turn of the flywheel, teams need to invest in order to increase the A/B testing momentum. We describe the investments in software development processes that have been advantageous in getting the flywheel to turn. We also share example metrics that track the progress towards sustainable A/B testing momentum.
{"title":"It takes a Flywheel to Fly: Kickstarting and Growing the A/B testing Momentum at Scale","authors":"Aleksander Fabijan, Benjamin Arai, Pavel A. Dmitriev, Lukas Vermeer","doi":"10.1109/SEAA53835.2021.00023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SEAA53835.2021.00023","url":null,"abstract":"Companies run A/B tests to accelerate innovation and make informed data-driven decisions. At Microsoft alone, over twenty thousand A/B tests are ran each year helping decide which features maximize user value. Not all teams and companies succeed in establishing and growing their A/B testing programs. In this paper, we explore multiple-case studies at Microsoft, Outreach, Booking.com, and empirical data collected, and share our learnings for iteratively adopting and growing A/B testing. The main contribution of this paper is the A/B Testing Flywheel. This conceptual model illustrates iteratively navigating the value-investment cycle with the goal to scale A/B testing. In every turn of the flywheel, teams need to invest in order to increase the A/B testing momentum. We describe the investments in software development processes that have been advantageous in getting the flywheel to turn. We also share example metrics that track the progress towards sustainable A/B testing momentum.","PeriodicalId":435977,"journal":{"name":"2021 47th Euromicro Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications (SEAA)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125440344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.1109/SEAA53835.2021.00014
Andrei-Raoul Morariu, A. Ashraf, J. Björkqvist
Background: The edge computing paradigm allows to reduce latency and response time of applications by bringing computations and data storage closer to the locations where they are needed. Edge computing is used in different kinds of Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Maritime represents an important application domain for IoT applications and edge computing solutions. Modern vessels employ many different types of sensors, which produce a massive amount of data. Edge computing allows to perform computations and data analyses on-board a vessel or at the edge of the network. Objective: To present a comprehensive, unbiased overview of the state-of-the-art on edge computing approaches for maritime applications. Method: A Systematic Mapping Study (SMS) of the existing edge computing approaches for maritime applications. Results: A taxonomy of 17 papers on edge computing approaches for maritime applications. Conclusion: The results of the study show that there is a small number of existing edge computing approaches for maritime applications. Most of the existing approaches focus mainly on monitoring and communication functions in vessels. Moreover, several research gaps exist with respect to the types of edge computing approaches, the purposes of using edge computing on vessels, and the data analysis techniques used for edge computing on vessels.
{"title":"A Systematic Mapping Study on Edge Computing Approaches for Maritime Applications","authors":"Andrei-Raoul Morariu, A. Ashraf, J. Björkqvist","doi":"10.1109/SEAA53835.2021.00014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SEAA53835.2021.00014","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The edge computing paradigm allows to reduce latency and response time of applications by bringing computations and data storage closer to the locations where they are needed. Edge computing is used in different kinds of Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Maritime represents an important application domain for IoT applications and edge computing solutions. Modern vessels employ many different types of sensors, which produce a massive amount of data. Edge computing allows to perform computations and data analyses on-board a vessel or at the edge of the network. Objective: To present a comprehensive, unbiased overview of the state-of-the-art on edge computing approaches for maritime applications. Method: A Systematic Mapping Study (SMS) of the existing edge computing approaches for maritime applications. Results: A taxonomy of 17 papers on edge computing approaches for maritime applications. Conclusion: The results of the study show that there is a small number of existing edge computing approaches for maritime applications. Most of the existing approaches focus mainly on monitoring and communication functions in vessels. Moreover, several research gaps exist with respect to the types of edge computing approaches, the purposes of using edge computing on vessels, and the data analysis techniques used for edge computing on vessels.","PeriodicalId":435977,"journal":{"name":"2021 47th Euromicro Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications (SEAA)","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123591505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.1109/SEAA53835.2021.00033
S. S. de Toledo, A. Martini, Dag I.K. Sjøberg, Agata Przybyszewska, Johannes Skov Frandsen
Architectural technical debt (ATD) may create a substantial extra effort in software development, which is called interest. There is little evidence about whether repaying ATD in microservices reduces such interest. Objectives: We wanted to conduct a first study on investigating the effect of removing ATD on the occurrence of incidents in a microservices architecture. Method: We conducted a quantitative and qualitative case study of a project with approximately 1000 microservices in a large, international financing services company. We measured and compared the number of software incidents of different categories before and after repaying ATD. Results: The total number of incidents was reduced by 84%, and the numbers of critical- and high-priority incidents were both reduced by approximately 90% after the architectural refactoring. The number of incidents in the architecture with the ATD was mainly constant over time, but we observed a slight increase of low priority incidents related to inaccessibility and the environment in the architecture without the ATD. Conclusion: This study shows evidence that refactoring ATDs, such as lack of communication standards, poor management of dead-letter queues, and the use of inadequate technologies in microservices, reduces the number of critical- and high-priority incidents and, thus, part of its interest, although some low priority incidents may increase.
{"title":"Reducing Incidents in Microservices by Repaying Architectural Technical Debt","authors":"S. S. de Toledo, A. Martini, Dag I.K. Sjøberg, Agata Przybyszewska, Johannes Skov Frandsen","doi":"10.1109/SEAA53835.2021.00033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SEAA53835.2021.00033","url":null,"abstract":"Architectural technical debt (ATD) may create a substantial extra effort in software development, which is called interest. There is little evidence about whether repaying ATD in microservices reduces such interest. Objectives: We wanted to conduct a first study on investigating the effect of removing ATD on the occurrence of incidents in a microservices architecture. Method: We conducted a quantitative and qualitative case study of a project with approximately 1000 microservices in a large, international financing services company. We measured and compared the number of software incidents of different categories before and after repaying ATD. Results: The total number of incidents was reduced by 84%, and the numbers of critical- and high-priority incidents were both reduced by approximately 90% after the architectural refactoring. The number of incidents in the architecture with the ATD was mainly constant over time, but we observed a slight increase of low priority incidents related to inaccessibility and the environment in the architecture without the ATD. Conclusion: This study shows evidence that refactoring ATDs, such as lack of communication standards, poor management of dead-letter queues, and the use of inadequate technologies in microservices, reduces the number of critical- and high-priority incidents and, thus, part of its interest, although some low priority incidents may increase.","PeriodicalId":435977,"journal":{"name":"2021 47th Euromicro Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications (SEAA)","volume":"37 8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125704257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.1109/SEAA53835.2021.00025
Anas Dakkak, D. I. Mattos, J. Bosch
Continuous Deployment is the practice to deploy software more frequently to customers and learn from their usage. The aim is to introduce new functionality and features in an additive way to customers as soon as possible. While Continuous Deployment is becoming popular among web and cloud-based software development organizations, the adoption of continuous deployment within the software-intensive embedded systems industry is still limited.In this paper, we conducted a case study at a multinational telecommunications company focusing on the Third Generation Radio Access Network (3G RAN) embedded software. The organization has transitioned to Continuous Deployment where the software’s deployment cycle has been reduced to 4 weeks from 24 weeks. The objective of this paper is to identify what does success means when transitioning to continuous deployment and the success factors that companies need to attend to when transitioning to continuous deployment in a large-scale embedded software.
{"title":"Success Factors when Transitioning to Continuous Deployment in Software-Intensive Embedded Systems","authors":"Anas Dakkak, D. I. Mattos, J. Bosch","doi":"10.1109/SEAA53835.2021.00025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SEAA53835.2021.00025","url":null,"abstract":"Continuous Deployment is the practice to deploy software more frequently to customers and learn from their usage. The aim is to introduce new functionality and features in an additive way to customers as soon as possible. While Continuous Deployment is becoming popular among web and cloud-based software development organizations, the adoption of continuous deployment within the software-intensive embedded systems industry is still limited.In this paper, we conducted a case study at a multinational telecommunications company focusing on the Third Generation Radio Access Network (3G RAN) embedded software. The organization has transitioned to Continuous Deployment where the software’s deployment cycle has been reduced to 4 weeks from 24 weeks. The objective of this paper is to identify what does success means when transitioning to continuous deployment and the success factors that companies need to attend to when transitioning to continuous deployment in a large-scale embedded software.","PeriodicalId":435977,"journal":{"name":"2021 47th Euromicro Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications (SEAA)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134097894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.1109/SEAA53835.2021.00054
T. Bures, I. Gerostathopoulos, P. Hnetynka, Stephan Seifermann, Maximilian Walter, R. Heinrich
Cyber-physical systems (CPS) and IoT systems are nowadays commonly designed as self-adaptive, endowing them with the ability to dynamically reconFigure to reflect their changing environment. This adaptation concerns also the security, as one of the most important properties of these systems. Though the state of the art on adaptivity in terms of security related to these systems can often deal well with fully anticipated situations in the environment, it becomes a challenge to deal with situations that are not or only partially anticipated. This uncertainty is however omnipresent in these systems due to humans in the loop, open-endedness and only partial understanding of the processes happening in the environment. In this paper, we partially address this challenge by featuring an approach for tackling access control in face of partially unanticipated situations. We base our solution on special kind of aspects that build on existing access control system and create a second level of adaptation that addresses the partially unanticipated situations by modifying access control rules. The approach is based on our previous work where we have analyzed and classified uncertainty in security and trust in such systems and have outlined the idea of access-control related situational patterns. The aspects that we present in this paper serve as means for application-specific specialization of the situational patterns. We showcase our approach on a simplified but real-life example in the domain of Industry 4.0 that comes from one of our industrial projects.
{"title":"Aspect-Oriented Adaptation of Access Control Rules","authors":"T. Bures, I. Gerostathopoulos, P. Hnetynka, Stephan Seifermann, Maximilian Walter, R. Heinrich","doi":"10.1109/SEAA53835.2021.00054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SEAA53835.2021.00054","url":null,"abstract":"Cyber-physical systems (CPS) and IoT systems are nowadays commonly designed as self-adaptive, endowing them with the ability to dynamically reconFigure to reflect their changing environment. This adaptation concerns also the security, as one of the most important properties of these systems. Though the state of the art on adaptivity in terms of security related to these systems can often deal well with fully anticipated situations in the environment, it becomes a challenge to deal with situations that are not or only partially anticipated. This uncertainty is however omnipresent in these systems due to humans in the loop, open-endedness and only partial understanding of the processes happening in the environment. In this paper, we partially address this challenge by featuring an approach for tackling access control in face of partially unanticipated situations. We base our solution on special kind of aspects that build on existing access control system and create a second level of adaptation that addresses the partially unanticipated situations by modifying access control rules. The approach is based on our previous work where we have analyzed and classified uncertainty in security and trust in such systems and have outlined the idea of access-control related situational patterns. The aspects that we present in this paper serve as means for application-specific specialization of the situational patterns. We showcase our approach on a simplified but real-life example in the domain of Industry 4.0 that comes from one of our industrial projects.","PeriodicalId":435977,"journal":{"name":"2021 47th Euromicro Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications (SEAA)","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133860150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.1109/SEAA53835.2021.00022
Saad Shafiq, A. Mashkoor, Christoph Mayr-Dorn, Alexander Egyed
This paper proposes a recommendation approach for issues (e.g., a story, a bug, or a task) prioritization based on natural language processing, called NLP4IP. The proposed semi-automatic approach takes into account the priority and story points attributes of existing issues defined by the project stakeholders and devises a recommendation model capable of dynamically predicting the rank of newly added or modified issues. NLP4IP was evaluated on 19 projects from 6 repositories employing the JIRA issue tracking software with a total of 29,698 issues. A comprehensive benchmark study was also conducted to compare the performance of various machine learning models. The results of the study showed an average top@3 accuracy of 81% and a mean squared error of 2.2 when evaluated on the validation set. The applicability of the proposed approach is demonstrated in the form of a JIRA plug-in illustrating predictions made by the newly developed machine learning model. The dataset has also been made publicly available in order to support other researchers working in this domain.
{"title":"NLP4IP: Natural Language Processing-based Recommendation Approach for Issues Prioritization","authors":"Saad Shafiq, A. Mashkoor, Christoph Mayr-Dorn, Alexander Egyed","doi":"10.1109/SEAA53835.2021.00022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SEAA53835.2021.00022","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a recommendation approach for issues (e.g., a story, a bug, or a task) prioritization based on natural language processing, called NLP4IP. The proposed semi-automatic approach takes into account the priority and story points attributes of existing issues defined by the project stakeholders and devises a recommendation model capable of dynamically predicting the rank of newly added or modified issues. NLP4IP was evaluated on 19 projects from 6 repositories employing the JIRA issue tracking software with a total of 29,698 issues. A comprehensive benchmark study was also conducted to compare the performance of various machine learning models. The results of the study showed an average top@3 accuracy of 81% and a mean squared error of 2.2 when evaluated on the validation set. The applicability of the proposed approach is demonstrated in the form of a JIRA plug-in illustrating predictions made by the newly developed machine learning model. The dataset has also been made publicly available in order to support other researchers working in this domain.","PeriodicalId":435977,"journal":{"name":"2021 47th Euromicro Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications (SEAA)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122513638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-13DOI: 10.1109/SEAA53835.2021.00036
V. Cortellessa, Daniele Di Pompeo, Vincenzo Stoico, Michele Tucci
Software quality estimation is a challenging and time-consuming activity, and models are crucial to face the complexity of such activity on modern software applications. One main challenge is that the improvement of distinctive quality attributes may require contrasting refactoring actions on an application, as for trade-off between performance and reliability. In such cases, multi-objective optimization can provide the designer with a wider view on these trade-offs and, consequently, can lead to identify suitable actions that take into account independent or even competing objectives. In this paper, we present an approach that exploits the NSGA - II multi-objective evolutionary algorithm to search optimal Pareto solution frontiers for software refactoring while considering as objectives: i) performance variation, ii) reliability, iii) amount of performance antipatterns, and iv) architectural distance. The algorithm combines randomly generated refactoring actions into solutions (i.e., sequences of actions) and compares them according to the objectives. We have applied our approach on a train ticket booking service case study, and we have focused the analysis on the impact of performance antipatterns on the quality of solutions. Indeed, we observe that the approach finds better solutions when antipatterns enter the multi-objective optimization. In particular, performance antipatterns objective leads to solutions improving the performance by up to 15% with respect to the case where antipatterns are not considered, without affecting the solution quality on other objectives.
{"title":"On the impact of Performance Antipatterns in multi-objective software model refactoring optimization","authors":"V. Cortellessa, Daniele Di Pompeo, Vincenzo Stoico, Michele Tucci","doi":"10.1109/SEAA53835.2021.00036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SEAA53835.2021.00036","url":null,"abstract":"Software quality estimation is a challenging and time-consuming activity, and models are crucial to face the complexity of such activity on modern software applications. One main challenge is that the improvement of distinctive quality attributes may require contrasting refactoring actions on an application, as for trade-off between performance and reliability. In such cases, multi-objective optimization can provide the designer with a wider view on these trade-offs and, consequently, can lead to identify suitable actions that take into account independent or even competing objectives. In this paper, we present an approach that exploits the NSGA - II multi-objective evolutionary algorithm to search optimal Pareto solution frontiers for software refactoring while considering as objectives: i) performance variation, ii) reliability, iii) amount of performance antipatterns, and iv) architectural distance. The algorithm combines randomly generated refactoring actions into solutions (i.e., sequences of actions) and compares them according to the objectives. We have applied our approach on a train ticket booking service case study, and we have focused the analysis on the impact of performance antipatterns on the quality of solutions. Indeed, we observe that the approach finds better solutions when antipatterns enter the multi-objective optimization. In particular, performance antipatterns objective leads to solutions improving the performance by up to 15% with respect to the case where antipatterns are not considered, without affecting the solution quality on other objectives.","PeriodicalId":435977,"journal":{"name":"2021 47th Euromicro Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications (SEAA)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123911170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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