In the era of precision medicine, biomarker plays a vital role in drug clinical trials. It helps select the patients more likely to respond to the therapy and increases the possibility of success of the trial. Model selection is critical in the development of the algorithm. Traditional model selection metrics ignore two clinical utilities of the biomarker in drug clinical trials, one is its ability to distinguish positive and negative patients in terms of treatment effect and another is the total cost of the biomarker-based drug clinical trial. We proposed a new model selection metric that estimates the above two clinical utilities of biomarker detection algorithms without the need for a real drug clinical trial. In the simulation, we will compare the proposed metric with the widely used ROC-based metric in selecting the optimal cutoff value for the model and discuss which one to choose under various circumstances.
{"title":"A New Model Selection Metric for Biomarker Detection Algorithms and Tools","authors":"Bo Feng, Yubo Sun, B. Zee","doi":"10.1155/2023/8263804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8263804","url":null,"abstract":"In the era of precision medicine, biomarker plays a vital role in drug clinical trials. It helps select the patients more likely to respond to the therapy and increases the possibility of success of the trial. Model selection is critical in the development of the algorithm. Traditional model selection metrics ignore two clinical utilities of the biomarker in drug clinical trials, one is its ability to distinguish positive and negative patients in terms of treatment effect and another is the total cost of the biomarker-based drug clinical trial. We proposed a new model selection metric that estimates the above two clinical utilities of biomarker detection algorithms without the need for a real drug clinical trial. In the simulation, we will compare the proposed metric with the widely used ROC-based metric in selecting the optimal cutoff value for the model and discuss which one to choose under various circumstances.","PeriodicalId":43667,"journal":{"name":"Muenster Journal of Mathematics","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81676186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Nadeem, I. Siddique, Md. Ashraful Alam, Waqas Ali
The most recent advancements in algebra and graph theory enable us to ask a straightforward question: what practical use does this graph connected with a mathematical system have in the real world? With the use of algebraic approaches, we may now tackle a wide range of graph theory-related problems. We compute loop-involutions and nonself-loop-involutions of flexible weak inverse property loops. Importantly, diameter, radius, and eccentricity of this loop structure’s inverse graph have all been calculated in a broad manner. Some topological indices, as an application of inverse graph, are also given at the end of the paper.
{"title":"A New Graphical Representation of the Old Algebraic Structure","authors":"Muhammad Nadeem, I. Siddique, Md. Ashraful Alam, Waqas Ali","doi":"10.1155/2023/4333301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/4333301","url":null,"abstract":"The most recent advancements in algebra and graph theory enable us to ask a straightforward question: what practical use does this graph connected with a mathematical system have in the real world? With the use of algebraic approaches, we may now tackle a wide range of graph theory-related problems. We compute loop-involutions and nonself-loop-involutions of flexible weak inverse property loops. Importantly, diameter, radius, and eccentricity of this loop structure’s inverse graph have all been calculated in a broad manner. Some topological indices, as an application of inverse graph, are also given at the end of the paper.","PeriodicalId":43667,"journal":{"name":"Muenster Journal of Mathematics","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74340347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the gradual progress of interest rate marketization, China’s interest rate fluctuates more and more frequently, and the range is also growing. As a result, more and more implicit options are embedded in commercial banks’ balance sheets, which brings new challenges to commercial banks’ interest rate risk management. On the basis of identifying implicit options and theoretically analyzing the mechanism, fuzzy MCS method is used to calculate C e f f and D e f f when implicit options exist, and compared with the traditional duration value and traditional convexity value when implicit options do not exist, further analyzing how implicit options affect the interest rate risk.
随着利率市场化的逐步推进,中国利率的波动越来越频繁,幅度也越来越大。因此,越来越多的隐性期权嵌入到商业银行的资产负债表中,这给商业银行的利率风险管理带来了新的挑战。在对隐式期权进行识别和理论分析机理的基础上,采用模糊MCS方法计算隐式期权存在时的C e f和D e f,并与不存在隐式期权时的传统久期值和传统凸度值进行比较,进一步分析隐式期权对利率风险的影响。
{"title":"An Empirical Study on the Influence of Embedded Option on Interest Rate Risk Based on Fuzzy Monte Carlo Simulation","authors":"Enlin Tang, Zebin Liu","doi":"10.1155/2023/3966972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/3966972","url":null,"abstract":"With the gradual progress of interest rate marketization, China’s interest rate fluctuates more and more frequently, and the range is also growing. As a result, more and more implicit options are embedded in commercial banks’ balance sheets, which brings new challenges to commercial banks’ interest rate risk management. On the basis of identifying implicit options and theoretically analyzing the mechanism, fuzzy MCS method is used to calculate \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 C\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 e\u0000 f\u0000 f\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 and \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 D\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 e\u0000 f\u0000 f\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 when implicit options exist, and compared with the traditional duration value and traditional convexity value when implicit options do not exist, further analyzing how implicit options affect the interest rate risk.","PeriodicalId":43667,"journal":{"name":"Muenster Journal of Mathematics","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88598263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we present some of the foundational concepts of split-complex number theory such as split-complex divison, gcd, and congruencies. Also, we prove that Euler’s theorem is still true in the case of split-complex integers, and we use this theorem to present a split-complex version of the RSA algorithm which is harder to be broken than the classical version. On the other hand, we study some algebraic properties of split-complex matrices, where we present the formula of computing the exponent of a split-complex matrix e X with a novel algorithm to represent a split-complex matrix X by a split-complex diagonal matrix, which is known as the diagonalization problem. In addition, many examples were illustrated to clarify the validity of our work.
{"title":"On Some Novel Results about Split-Complex Numbers, the Diagonalization Problem, and Applications to Public Key Asymmetric Cryptography","authors":"Mehmet Merkepci, Mohammad Abobala","doi":"10.1155/2023/4481016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/4481016","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present some of the foundational concepts of split-complex number theory such as split-complex divison, gcd, and congruencies. Also, we prove that Euler’s theorem is still true in the case of split-complex integers, and we use this theorem to present a split-complex version of the RSA algorithm which is harder to be broken than the classical version. On the other hand, we study some algebraic properties of split-complex matrices, where we present the formula of computing the exponent of a split-complex matrix \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 e\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 X\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 with a novel algorithm to represent a split-complex matrix \u0000 \u0000 X\u0000 \u0000 by a split-complex diagonal matrix, which is known as the diagonalization problem. In addition, many examples were illustrated to clarify the validity of our work.","PeriodicalId":43667,"journal":{"name":"Muenster Journal of Mathematics","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79084425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}