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A New Model Selection Metric for Biomarker Detection Algorithms and Tools 生物标志物检测算法和工具的新模型选择度量
IF 0.5 Q2 MATHEMATICS Pub Date : 2023-07-08 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8263804
Bo Feng, Yubo Sun, B. Zee
In the era of precision medicine, biomarker plays a vital role in drug clinical trials. It helps select the patients more likely to respond to the therapy and increases the possibility of success of the trial. Model selection is critical in the development of the algorithm. Traditional model selection metrics ignore two clinical utilities of the biomarker in drug clinical trials, one is its ability to distinguish positive and negative patients in terms of treatment effect and another is the total cost of the biomarker-based drug clinical trial. We proposed a new model selection metric that estimates the above two clinical utilities of biomarker detection algorithms without the need for a real drug clinical trial. In the simulation, we will compare the proposed metric with the widely used ROC-based metric in selecting the optimal cutoff value for the model and discuss which one to choose under various circumstances.
在精准医学时代,生物标志物在药物临床试验中起着至关重要的作用。它有助于选择更有可能对治疗产生反应的患者,并增加试验成功的可能性。模型选择是算法开发的关键。传统的模型选择指标忽略了生物标志物在药物临床试验中的两个临床效用,一是区分阳性和阴性患者的治疗效果的能力,二是基于生物标志物的药物临床试验的总成本。我们提出了一种新的模型选择度量,可以在不需要真正的药物临床试验的情况下估计上述两种生物标志物检测算法的临床效用。在仿真中,我们将比较所提出的度量与广泛使用的基于roc的度量,以选择模型的最佳截止值,并讨论在各种情况下选择哪一个。
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引用次数: 0
A New Graphical Representation of the Old Algebraic Structure 旧代数结构的新图形表示
IF 0.5 Q2 MATHEMATICS Pub Date : 2023-07-06 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4333301
Muhammad Nadeem, I. Siddique, Md. Ashraful Alam, Waqas Ali
The most recent advancements in algebra and graph theory enable us to ask a straightforward question: what practical use does this graph connected with a mathematical system have in the real world? With the use of algebraic approaches, we may now tackle a wide range of graph theory-related problems. We compute loop-involutions and nonself-loop-involutions of flexible weak inverse property loops. Importantly, diameter, radius, and eccentricity of this loop structure’s inverse graph have all been calculated in a broad manner. Some topological indices, as an application of inverse graph, are also given at the end of the paper.
代数和图论的最新进展使我们能够问一个直截了当的问题:这个与数学系统相连的图在现实世界中有什么实际用途?通过使用代数方法,我们现在可以处理一系列与图论相关的问题。我们计算了柔性弱逆性质环的环对合和非自环对合。重要的是,该环结构的直径、半径和偏心率逆图都以一种广泛的方式进行了计算。作为逆图的一个应用,本文最后还给出了一些拓扑指标。
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引用次数: 0
An Empirical Study on the Influence of Embedded Option on Interest Rate Risk Based on Fuzzy Monte Carlo Simulation 基于模糊蒙特卡罗模拟的嵌入期权对利率风险影响的实证研究
IF 0.5 Q2 MATHEMATICS Pub Date : 2023-07-06 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3966972
Enlin Tang, Zebin Liu
With the gradual progress of interest rate marketization, China’s interest rate fluctuates more and more frequently, and the range is also growing. As a result, more and more implicit options are embedded in commercial banks’ balance sheets, which brings new challenges to commercial banks’ interest rate risk management. On the basis of identifying implicit options and theoretically analyzing the mechanism, fuzzy MCS method is used to calculate C e f f and D e f f when implicit options exist, and compared with the traditional duration value and traditional convexity value when implicit options do not exist, further analyzing how implicit options affect the interest rate risk.
随着利率市场化的逐步推进,中国利率的波动越来越频繁,幅度也越来越大。因此,越来越多的隐性期权嵌入到商业银行的资产负债表中,这给商业银行的利率风险管理带来了新的挑战。在对隐式期权进行识别和理论分析机理的基础上,采用模糊MCS方法计算隐式期权存在时的C e f和D e f,并与不存在隐式期权时的传统久期值和传统凸度值进行比较,进一步分析隐式期权对利率风险的影响。
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引用次数: 0
On Some Novel Results about Split-Complex Numbers, the Diagonalization Problem, and Applications to Public Key Asymmetric Cryptography 关于分裂复数的一些新结果、对角化问题及其在公钥非对称密码中的应用
IF 0.5 Q2 MATHEMATICS Pub Date : 2023-07-04 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4481016
Mehmet Merkepci, Mohammad Abobala
In this paper, we present some of the foundational concepts of split-complex number theory such as split-complex divison, gcd, and congruencies. Also, we prove that Euler’s theorem is still true in the case of split-complex integers, and we use this theorem to present a split-complex version of the RSA algorithm which is harder to be broken than the classical version. On the other hand, we study some algebraic properties of split-complex matrices, where we present the formula of computing the exponent of a split-complex matrix e X with a novel algorithm to represent a split-complex matrix X by a split-complex diagonal matrix, which is known as the diagonalization problem. In addition, many examples were illustrated to clarify the validity of our work.
本文给出了分裂复数理论的一些基本概念,如分裂复数除法、gcd和同余。同时,我们证明了欧拉定理在分复整数的情况下仍然成立,并利用该定理提出了一个比经典版本更难被破解的分复版本的RSA算法。另一方面,我们研究了分裂复矩阵的一些代数性质,给出了用分裂复对角矩阵表示分裂复矩阵X的新算法计算分裂复矩阵e X指数的公式,这被称为对角化问题。此外,还举例说明了我们工作的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Hosoya, Schultz, and Gutman Polynomials of Generalized Petersen Graphs Pn 广义Petersen图的Hosoya、Schultz和Gutman多项式[j]
IF 0.5 Q2 MATHEMATICS Pub Date : 2023-07-03 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7341285
Ramy S. Shaheen, Suhail Mahfud, Qays Alhawat
The graph theory has wide important applications in various other types of sciences. In chemical graph theory, we have many topological polynomials for a graph G through which we can compute many topological indices. Topological indices are numerical values and descriptors which are used to quantify the physiochemical properties and bioactivities of the chemical graph. In this paper, we compute Hosoya polynomial, hyper-Wiener index, Tratch–Stankevitch–Zefirov index, Harary index, Schultz polynomial, Gutman polynomial, Schultz index, and Gutman index of generalized Petersen graphs P n , 1 and P n , 2 .
图论在其他各种类型的科学中有着广泛的重要应用。在化学图论中,对于一个图G,我们有许多拓扑多项式,通过这些多项式我们可以计算许多拓扑指标。拓扑指数是用来量化化学图的物理化学性质和生物活性的数值和描述符。本文计算了广义Petersen图pn, 1和pn, 2的Hosoya多项式、super - wiener指数、Tratch-Stankevitch-Zefirov指数、Harary指数、Schultz多项式、Gutman多项式、Schultz指数和Gutman指数。
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引用次数: 0
Digital Image Progressive Fusion Method Based on Discrete Cosine Transform 基于离散余弦变换的数字图像渐进融合方法
IF 0.5 Q2 MATHEMATICS Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9905604
Jie Chen
The current progressive fusion methods for digital images have poor denoising performance, which leads to a decrease in image quality after progressive fusion. Therefore, a new method for digital image progressive fusion was proposed based on discrete cosine transform, and its effectiveness was verified through experiments. The experimental results show that the proposed method has a PSNR value higher than 42.13 db in image fusion, both of which are higher than the comparison method, and the fusion effect comparison also has higher image quality. In terms of fusion time, the time of the research method is lower than that of the comparison method when the data volume is between 10 and 100, while in the comparison of structural similarity, the structural similarity of the image fused by the research method is always higher than 0.83. Overall, the fusion method proposed in the study results in higher image quality and is effective in progressive digital image fusion, which is of great significance for practical digital image fusion.
目前数字图像的逐行融合方法去噪性能差,导致逐行融合后图像质量下降。为此,提出了一种基于离散余弦变换的数字图像渐进融合新方法,并通过实验验证了该方法的有效性。实验结果表明,该方法在图像融合中的PSNR值均高于42.13 db,两者均高于对比方法,融合效果对比也具有更高的图像质量。在融合时间方面,当数据量在10 ~ 100之间时,研究方法的融合时间低于对比方法,而在结构相似度的比较中,研究方法融合的图像结构相似度始终高于0.83。总体而言,本文提出的融合方法具有较高的图像质量,能够有效地进行渐进式数字图像融合,对实际数字图像融合具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
Distributional Censored and Uncensored Validation Testing under a Modified Test Statistic with Risk Analysis and Assessment 修正检验统计量下的分布截尾和非截尾验证试验及风险分析与评估
IF 0.5 Q2 MATHEMATICS Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8852528
Y. Tashkandy, W. Emam, G. Cordeiro, M. M. Ali, K. Aidi, H. Yousof, M. Ibrahim
This paper introduces and studies a unique probability distribution. The maximum likelihood estimation, the ordinary least squares, the weighted least squares, and the Anderson–Darling estimation methods all take into account a number of financial risk indicators, including the value-at-risk, tail-value-at-risk, tail variance, tail mean-variance, and mean excess loss function. These four approaches were used in a simulation study and an application to insurance claims data for the actuarial evaluation. The well-known Nikulin–Rao–Robson statistic is taken into consideration for distributional validation under the whole set of data. Three complete actual datasets and a simulation study are used to evaluate the Nikulin–Rao–Robson test statistic. An updated version of the Nikulin–Rao–Robson statistic is taken into consideration for censored distributional validation. Three censored actual datasets and a thorough simulation analysis are used to evaluate the novel Nikulin–Rao–Robson test statistic.
本文介绍并研究了一种唯一的概率分布。极大似然估计、普通最小二乘、加权最小二乘和Anderson-Darling估计方法都考虑了许多金融风险指标,包括风险值、尾部风险值、尾部方差、尾部均值方差和平均超额损失函数。这四种方法被用于模拟研究和保险索赔数据的精算评估应用。采用著名的Nikulin-Rao-Robson统计量对整个数据集进行分布验证。采用三个完整的实际数据集和一个模拟研究来评估Nikulin-Rao-Robson检验统计量。更新版本的Nikulin-Rao-Robson统计量被考虑到审查分布验证。使用三个截尾的实际数据集和彻底的模拟分析来评估新的Nikulin-Rao-Robson检验统计量。
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引用次数: 0
Solvability of the System of Extended Nonlinear Mixed Variational-Like Inequalities and Proximal Dynamical System 扩展非线性混合似变分不等式系统的可解性及近端动力系统
IF 0.5 Q2 MATHEMATICS Pub Date : 2023-06-29 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7414514
Iqbal Ahmad, Mijanur Rahaman
In this article, our goal is to study the system of extended nonlinear mixed variational-like inequalities (in short, SENMVLI) with a nonconvex functional in the setting of real Hilbert spaces and discuss the existence of solution of our considered problem. We propose a three-step iterative algorithm to calculate the approximate solutions of SENMVLI and investigate the convergence analysis as well as stability analysis of the proposed algorithm. Furthermore, we also study the proximal dynamical system for SENMVLI and prove that the trajectory of the solution of the extended proximal dynamical system converges globally exponentially to a unique solution of SENMVLI. Our suggested iterative algorithm and results have become the significant improvement, enhancement, and generalization of many previously known results in the literature.
在本文中,我们的目标是研究实数Hilbert空间中具有非凸泛函的扩展非线性混合变分不等式系统(简称SENMVLI),并讨论我们所考虑的问题解的存在性。我们提出了一种计算SENMVLI近似解的三步迭代算法,并研究了该算法的收敛性分析和稳定性分析。此外,我们还研究了SENMVLI的近端动力系统,并证明了扩展的近端动力系统解的轨迹全局指数收敛于SENMVLI的唯一解。我们提出的迭代算法和结果已经成为文献中许多先前已知结果的显著改进、增强和推广。
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引用次数: 1
Fully Kernected Neural Networks 完全连接的神经网络
IF 0.5 Q2 MATHEMATICS Pub Date : 2023-06-28 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1539436
W. Zhang, Zhi Han, Xi’ai Chen, Baicheng Liu, Huidi Jia, Yandong Tang
In this paper, we apply kernel methods to deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) to improve its nonlinear ability. DCNNs have achieved significant improvement in many computer vision tasks. For an image classification task, the accuracy comes to saturation when the depth and width of network are enough and appropriate. The saturation accuracy will not rise even by increasing the depth and width. We find that improving nonlinear ability of DCNNs can break through the saturation accuracy. In a DCNN, the former layer is more inclined to extract features and the latter layer is more inclined to classify features. Therefore, we apply kernel methods at the last fully connected layer to implicitly map features to a higher-dimensional space to improve nonlinear ability so that the network achieves better linear separability. Also, we name the network as fully kernected neural networks (fully connected neural networks with kernel methods). Our experiment result shows that fully kernected neural networks achieve higher classification accuracy and faster convergence rate than baseline networks.
本文将核方法应用于深度卷积神经网络(DCNN),以提高其非线性能力。DCNNs在许多计算机视觉任务中取得了显著的进步。对于一个图像分类任务来说,当网络的深度和宽度足够且合适时,准确率就会趋于饱和。即使增加深度和宽度,饱和度精度也不会提高。我们发现提高DCNNs的非线性能力可以突破饱和精度。在DCNN中,前一层更倾向于提取特征,后一层更倾向于对特征进行分类。因此,我们在最后一个全连通层采用核方法将特征隐式映射到高维空间,以提高网络的非线性能力,使网络具有更好的线性可分性。此外,我们将网络命名为全连接神经网络(具有核方法的全连接神经网络)。实验结果表明,与基线网络相比,全连接神经网络具有更高的分类精度和更快的收敛速度。
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引用次数: 0
A Novel Extended Power-Lomax Distribution for Modeling Real-Life Data: Properties and Inference 一种新的扩展幂-洛max分布用于真实数据建模:性质和推理
IF 0.5 Q2 MATHEMATICS Pub Date : 2023-06-27 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6661792
Maha E. Qura, Mohammed Alqawba, Mashail M. Al Sobhi, A. Afify
One of the important features of generalized distribution is its ability and flexibility to model real-life data in several applied fields such as medicine, engineering, and survival analysis, among others. In this paper, a flexible four-parameter Lomax extension called the alpha-power power-Lomax (APPLx) distribution is introduced. The APPLx distribution is analytically tractable, and it can be used quite effectively for real-life data analysis. Key mathematical properties of the APPLx distribution including mode, moments, stress-strength reliability, quantile and generating functions, and order statistics are presented. The APPEx parameters are estimated by using eight classical estimation methods. Extensive simulation studies are provided to explore the performance of the proposed estimation methods and to provide a guideline for practitioners and engineers to choose the best estimation method. Three real-life datasets from applied fields are fitted to assess empirically the flexibility of the APPLx distribution. The APPLx distribution shows greater flexibility as compared to the McDonal–Lomax, Fréchet Topp–Leone Lomax, transmuted Weibull–Lomax, Kumaraswamy–Lomax, beta exponentiated-Lomax, Weibull–Lomax, Burr-X Lomax, Lomax–Weibull, odd exponentiated half-logistic Lomax, and alpha-power Lomax distributions.
广义分布的一个重要特征是它在医学、工程和生存分析等多个应用领域对真实数据建模的能力和灵活性。本文介绍了一种灵活的四参数Lomax扩展,称为alpha-power -Lomax (APPLx)分布。APPLx分布在分析上是可处理的,它可以非常有效地用于实际数据分析。给出了APPLx分布的关键数学性质,包括模态、矩量、应力-强度可靠性、分位数和生成函数以及阶数统计量。利用八种经典的估计方法对APPEx参数进行估计。本文提供了广泛的仿真研究,以探索所提出的估计方法的性能,并为从业者和工程师选择最佳估计方法提供指导。拟合了来自应用领域的三个实际数据集,以经验评估APPLx分布的灵活性。与mcdonald -Lomax、fr - Topp-Leone Lomax、变形Weibull-Lomax、Kumaraswamy-Lomax、beta指数-Lomax、Weibull-Lomax、Burr-X Lomax、Lomax - weibull、奇指数半logistic Lomax和alpha-power Lomax分布相比,APPLx分布具有更大的灵活性。
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引用次数: 0
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Muenster Journal of Mathematics
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