Citrullus lanatus (watermelon) seed oil is one of the neglected and underutilized seed oils in Nigeria. This study was aimed at evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of crude and degummed Citrullus lanatus seed oil (CLSO) in the treatment of experimental oral candidiasis induced by Candida albicans in immunosuppressed female albino rats. In vivo antifungal activity of the extracts was analyzed by microbiological and histopathological analyses, along with renal function tests at days 7 and 14 post infection treatments. The observations in the test animal groups were compared with that of control group treated with fluconazole. Treatments with CLSO resulted in significant body weight loss. Also, there was a significant reduction in the kidney fungal burden (cfu/ml/g) of rats treated with CLSO after fourteen days post infection treatment, compared to group 3 (untreated control) rats. Histologically, group 3 (untreated) showed multifocal aggregation and widespread distribution of fungal blastospores appearing singly or in small clusters within the renal parenchyma when compared with CLSO-treated groups, which had minimal fungal blastospores that appeared singly in the renal tissues. Thus, histological data were corroborated with microbiological tests for crude and degummed CLSO, but not for the fluconazole-treated group which showed multifocal and widespread distribution of blastospores at day 14. Furthermore, within the CLSO treatment group, a significant increase in the (plasma) levels of creatinine was observed, while no significant difference in blood urea values was recorded after day 14 post infection study. Histopathological alterations in the kidney was restored to normal. CLSO could be considered as a potential antifungal agent especially the degummed CLSO and could also be employed in the management of weight loss.
{"title":"Antimicrobial and In Vivo Antifungal Potentials of Crude and Degummed Citrullus lanatus Seed Oil","authors":"V. Apeh, F. Odo, P. Chidebelu, J. Emaimo","doi":"10.3390/IECPS2020-08930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/IECPS2020-08930","url":null,"abstract":"Citrullus lanatus (watermelon) seed oil is one of the neglected and underutilized seed oils in Nigeria. This study was aimed at evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of crude and degummed Citrullus lanatus seed oil (CLSO) in the treatment of experimental oral candidiasis induced by Candida albicans in immunosuppressed female albino rats. In vivo antifungal activity of the extracts was analyzed by microbiological and histopathological analyses, along with renal function tests at days 7 and 14 post infection treatments. The observations in the test animal groups were compared with that of control group treated with fluconazole. Treatments with CLSO resulted in significant body weight loss. Also, there was a significant reduction in the kidney fungal burden (cfu/ml/g) of rats treated with CLSO after fourteen days post infection treatment, compared to group 3 (untreated control) rats. Histologically, group 3 (untreated) showed multifocal aggregation and widespread distribution of fungal blastospores appearing singly or in small clusters within the renal parenchyma when compared with CLSO-treated groups, which had minimal fungal blastospores that appeared singly in the renal tissues. Thus, histological data were corroborated with microbiological tests for crude and degummed CLSO, but not for the fluconazole-treated group which showed multifocal and widespread distribution of blastospores at day 14. Furthermore, within the CLSO treatment group, a significant increase in the (plasma) levels of creatinine was observed, while no significant difference in blood urea values was recorded after day 14 post infection study. Histopathological alterations in the kidney was restored to normal. CLSO could be considered as a potential antifungal agent especially the degummed CLSO and could also be employed in the management of weight loss.","PeriodicalId":437745,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The 1st International Electronic Conference on Plant Science","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116245495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The precise role of KNAT7 transcription factors (TFs) in the regulation of secondary cell wall (SCW) biosynthesis of poplars has largely remained unclear as our understanding of KNAT7 is continuously evolving. Through the use of a variety of novel strategies, we can understand how genetic modifications in homologous and heterologous KNAT7 gene expression affect SCW development. The resulting changes in wood properties could in turn affect the saccharification efficiency of lignocellulosic biomass in transgenic poplars. We produced poplar KNAT7 (PtKNAT7) overexpression (PtKNAT7-OE) and RNAi construct (PtKNAT7-AS) for the generation of transgenic poplars. Since the overexpression of homologous genes can potentially result in co-suppression, we also overexpressed Arabidopsis KNAT7 (AtKNAT7-OE) in transgenic poplars. In all our Agrobacterium vector constructs, the expression of KNAT7 transgenes was driven under developing xylem-specific promoter, DX15. The PtKNAT7-AS lines showed a 6% reduction in total lignin content in poplar wood compared to the controls. Syringyl to Guaiacyl lignin (S/G) ratios were significantly increased in all the three transgenic lines from PtKNAT7-OE and PtKNAT7-AS than controls. All transgenic lines including, PtKNAT7-OE, PtKNAT7-AS l, and AtKNAT7-OE wood yielded significantly greater glucose release than controls. Antisense KNAT7 transgenic lines were taller and the stem was thicker than control. These results suggest targeted modification of KNAT7 is achievable in poplar with enhanced functional wall properties without compromising plant growth and productivity. Overall, our results demonstrated that developing xylem-specific genetic alteration of KNAT7 TFs affects the lignification process as well as improving the saccharification efficiency, hence, providing a powerful tool for improving bioethanol production from bioenergy poplar plants.
{"title":"Genetic manipulation of KNAT7 transcription factor enhances saccharification by reducing recalcitrance in the bioenergy crop Populus","authors":"Yogesh K. Ahlawat, C. P. Joshi","doi":"10.3390/IECPS2020-08921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/IECPS2020-08921","url":null,"abstract":"The precise role of KNAT7 transcription factors (TFs) in the regulation of secondary cell wall (SCW) biosynthesis of poplars has largely remained unclear as our understanding of KNAT7 is continuously evolving. Through the use of a variety of novel strategies, we can understand how genetic modifications in homologous and heterologous KNAT7 gene expression affect SCW development. The resulting changes in wood properties could in turn affect the saccharification efficiency of lignocellulosic biomass in transgenic poplars. We produced poplar KNAT7 (PtKNAT7) overexpression (PtKNAT7-OE) and RNAi construct (PtKNAT7-AS) for the generation of transgenic poplars. Since the overexpression of homologous genes can potentially result in co-suppression, we also overexpressed Arabidopsis KNAT7 (AtKNAT7-OE) in transgenic poplars. In all our Agrobacterium vector constructs, the expression of KNAT7 transgenes was driven under developing xylem-specific promoter, DX15. The PtKNAT7-AS lines showed a 6% reduction in total lignin content in poplar wood compared to the controls. Syringyl to Guaiacyl lignin (S/G) ratios were significantly increased in all the three transgenic lines from PtKNAT7-OE and PtKNAT7-AS than controls. All transgenic lines including, PtKNAT7-OE, PtKNAT7-AS l, and AtKNAT7-OE wood yielded significantly greater glucose release than controls. Antisense KNAT7 transgenic lines were taller and the stem was thicker than control. These results suggest targeted modification of KNAT7 is achievable in poplar with enhanced functional wall properties without compromising plant growth and productivity. Overall, our results demonstrated that developing xylem-specific genetic alteration of KNAT7 TFs affects the lignification process as well as improving the saccharification efficiency, hence, providing a powerful tool for improving bioethanol production from bioenergy poplar plants.","PeriodicalId":437745,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The 1st International Electronic Conference on Plant Science","volume":"307 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133117184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Á. R. González, A. J. Porteous-Álvarez, M. D. Val, P. Casquero, B. Escriche
: The beetle Xylotrechus arvicola is a significant pest in vineyards ( Vitis vinifera ) in the wine-producing regions of the Iberian Peninsula. X. arvicola larvae bore the grapevine wood and make galleries, which cause structural damages to the plant and a decrease in the quality and quantity of its production. The susceptibility of X. arvicola larvae to five coleopteran toxic Cry proteins (Cry1B, Cry1I, Cry3A, Cry7A
{"title":"Susceptibility of Xylotrechus arvicola (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) to Five Cry Toxins","authors":"Á. R. González, A. J. Porteous-Álvarez, M. D. Val, P. Casquero, B. Escriche","doi":"10.3390/IECPS2020-08821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/IECPS2020-08821","url":null,"abstract":": The beetle Xylotrechus arvicola is a significant pest in vineyards ( Vitis vinifera ) in the wine-producing regions of the Iberian Peninsula. X. arvicola larvae bore the grapevine wood and make galleries, which cause structural damages to the plant and a decrease in the quality and quantity of its production. The susceptibility of X. arvicola larvae to five coleopteran toxic Cry proteins (Cry1B, Cry1I, Cry3A, Cry7A","PeriodicalId":437745,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The 1st International Electronic Conference on Plant Science","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127503376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Biagi, P. Governa, V. Borgonetti, E. Miraldi, G. Baini, Giorgio Cappellucci, A. R. Magnano
Cannabis sativa L. (Cannabaceae) is an annual flowering plant well known worldwide since ancient times. After the discovery and elucidation of cannabinoids and of the endocannabinoid system, C. sativa has attracted the interest of the scientific community more and more in the last fifteen years, as new evidences of its potential role in medicine has arisen; nevertheless, the presence of the psychoactive compound Δ 9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) still represents an important issue for clinical uses. For this reason, many authors have taken into account the biological effects of the non-psychotropic constituents of C. sativa , in particular cannabidiol (CBD). Some clinical trials and animal models have shown that CBD could be considered in the treatment of central and peripheral inflammation, gastrointestinal upset, epilepsy and neurodegenerative diseases. THC containing C. sativa is approved in many countries in the world for medical purposes and some herbal preparations are enlisted in monographs of official Pharmacopoeias. On the contrary, non-psychotropic C. sativa has still a confuse regulatory status, very variable between different countries and herbal preparations are not specified. With the aim of defining the best way to extract CBD and other secondary metabolites from non-psychotropic C. sativa , starting from the female inflorescences of C. sativa L. var. carmagnola , we tested different extraction methods by using ethanol (30-60-96% V/V) and olive oil as solvents, by varying the extraction time and the heat-decarboxylation of the herbal material. We applied two methods obtained from the Italian Pharmacopoeia FUI The 96% V/V ethanolic extract (drug:extract ratio 1:10) obtained by maceration of the decarboxylated herbal material gave the best yield of active compounds: cannabidiol 466 mg/l, total flavonoids 90 mg/l (of which vitexin 12 mg/l), sesquiterpenes (being beta-caryophyllene the most representative) and very few amount of monoterpenes (<0.1 mg/l). The better phytochemical profile correlated well with the antiradical capacity, with the IC 50 of the ethanolic extract being 18.7 mg/ml. Differently from cannabidiol alone (1 µg/ml), the selected extract, used at the same concentration, was able to significantly reduce by 28.9 % the LPS-induced production of TNF-α in BV2 microglial cells.
{"title":"Optimization of non-psychotropic Cannabis sativa L. extraction and evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity on microglial cells","authors":"M. Biagi, P. Governa, V. Borgonetti, E. Miraldi, G. Baini, Giorgio Cappellucci, A. R. Magnano","doi":"10.3390/IECPS2020-08845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/IECPS2020-08845","url":null,"abstract":"Cannabis sativa L. (Cannabaceae) is an annual flowering plant well known worldwide since ancient times. After the discovery and elucidation of cannabinoids and of the endocannabinoid system, C. sativa has attracted the interest of the scientific community more and more in the last fifteen years, as new evidences of its potential role in medicine has arisen; nevertheless, the presence of the psychoactive compound Δ 9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) still represents an important issue for clinical uses. For this reason, many authors have taken into account the biological effects of the non-psychotropic constituents of C. sativa , in particular cannabidiol (CBD). Some clinical trials and animal models have shown that CBD could be considered in the treatment of central and peripheral inflammation, gastrointestinal upset, epilepsy and neurodegenerative diseases. THC containing C. sativa is approved in many countries in the world for medical purposes and some herbal preparations are enlisted in monographs of official Pharmacopoeias. On the contrary, non-psychotropic C. sativa has still a confuse regulatory status, very variable between different countries and herbal preparations are not specified. With the aim of defining the best way to extract CBD and other secondary metabolites from non-psychotropic C. sativa , starting from the female inflorescences of C. sativa L. var. carmagnola , we tested different extraction methods by using ethanol (30-60-96% V/V) and olive oil as solvents, by varying the extraction time and the heat-decarboxylation of the herbal material. We applied two methods obtained from the Italian Pharmacopoeia FUI The 96% V/V ethanolic extract (drug:extract ratio 1:10) obtained by maceration of the decarboxylated herbal material gave the best yield of active compounds: cannabidiol 466 mg/l, total flavonoids 90 mg/l (of which vitexin 12 mg/l), sesquiterpenes (being beta-caryophyllene the most representative) and very few amount of monoterpenes (<0.1 mg/l). The better phytochemical profile correlated well with the antiradical capacity, with the IC 50 of the ethanolic extract being 18.7 mg/ml. Differently from cannabidiol alone (1 µg/ml), the selected extract, used at the same concentration, was able to significantly reduce by 28.9 % the LPS-induced production of TNF-α in BV2 microglial cells.","PeriodicalId":437745,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The 1st International Electronic Conference on Plant Science","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132127712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. A. Wani, F. Khan, A. Din, I. Nazki, Shameen Iqbal, Neelofar Banday
Germination or seed quality of China aster is a crucial feature affecting seedling survival and establishment whilst seeded directly in the field. Moreover, freak weather events in the changing climate scenario and biotic stress have often resulted in poor seedling quality and survival of China aster. Subsequently, to scrutinize the impact of a range of priming techniques on germination, seedling survival and growth of cv. Powderpuff of China aster newly introduced in Kashmir valley was undertaken at the Plant tissue Culture laboratory. Seeds were subjected to two treatment methods (3 hydro-priming and 2 halo-priming), constituting a total of six treatment combinations (P0-P5) in CRD (completely randomized design) with four replications. The analysed variables were seedling survival percentage, germination percentage, seedling collar diameter, seedling fresh weight, shoot/root ratio and the number of leaves/seedling. The analysed data on the influence of priming treatments on germination percentage is depicted that different priming agents are having a significant influence on pre and post-germination attributes. Significantly maximum germination percentage (87.50 %), seedling survival percentage (81.95), seedling fresh weight (0.0031g), seedling collar diameter (0.101 cm), number of leaves seedling-1 (7.01) and shoot-root ratio (1.044)was recorded in treatment P5 (2 % KNO3 18h) and minimum (42.50) in case of control (P0) i.e. un-primed seeds. Halo-conditioning with KNO3 for 12h significantly improved, germination percentage, seedling survival percentage, seedling diameter, leaf number per seedling and shoot-root ratio. In conclusion, KNO3 played a vital role in the establishment and survival of seedling in the field, under Kashmir conditions.
{"title":"Elucidating the Impact of Priming Substrates on Seedling Survival and Seed Quality of China Aster","authors":"M. A. Wani, F. Khan, A. Din, I. Nazki, Shameen Iqbal, Neelofar Banday","doi":"10.3390/IECPS2020-08750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/IECPS2020-08750","url":null,"abstract":"Germination or seed quality of China aster is a crucial feature affecting seedling survival and establishment whilst seeded directly in the field. Moreover, freak weather events in the changing climate scenario and biotic stress have often resulted in poor seedling quality and survival of China aster. Subsequently, to scrutinize the impact of a range of priming techniques on germination, seedling survival and growth of cv. Powderpuff of China aster newly introduced in Kashmir valley was undertaken at the Plant tissue Culture laboratory. Seeds were subjected to two treatment methods (3 hydro-priming and 2 halo-priming), constituting a total of six treatment combinations (P0-P5) in CRD (completely randomized design) with four replications. The analysed variables were seedling survival percentage, germination percentage, seedling collar diameter, seedling fresh weight, shoot/root ratio and the number of leaves/seedling. The analysed data on the influence of priming treatments on germination percentage is depicted that different priming agents are having a significant influence on pre and post-germination attributes. Significantly maximum germination percentage (87.50 %), seedling survival percentage (81.95), seedling fresh weight (0.0031g), seedling collar diameter (0.101 cm), number of leaves seedling-1 (7.01) and shoot-root ratio (1.044)was recorded in treatment P5 (2 % KNO3 18h) and minimum (42.50) in case of control (P0) i.e. un-primed seeds. Halo-conditioning with KNO3 for 12h significantly improved, germination percentage, seedling survival percentage, seedling diameter, leaf number per seedling and shoot-root ratio. In conclusion, KNO3 played a vital role in the establishment and survival of seedling in the field, under Kashmir conditions.","PeriodicalId":437745,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The 1st International Electronic Conference on Plant Science","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127997418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Besiana Sinanaj, M. Bidartondo, S. Pressel, Katie J. Field
: Over 85% of land plants engage in symbiotic relationships with mycorrhiza-forming soil fungi that colonise their roots. These mycorrhizal symbioses, which involve the exchange of fungal-acquired nutrients and water for photosynthetically-fixed plant carbon, are considered a promising nature-based solution to making agricultural practices more sustainable. In order to implement the widespread use of mycorrhizal fungi in agriculture, a more complete awareness of mycorrhizal fungal diversity and range of plant hosts is needed. Mucoromycotina Fine Root Endophytes (MFRE) are a group of mycorrhiza-forming fungi that have recently been shown to be phylogenetically and functionally distinct from Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF). Here, we provide the first molecular evidence of MFRE colonisation of winter wheat, winter barley, spring wheat and strawberry roots. Fungal symbionts were identified from partial DNA sequences of the 18S ribosomal RNA gene, obtained through a workflow involving molecular cloning and Sanger sequencing. Our findings shed light on the true distribution of plant-MFRE associations and give rise to new questions regarding their functional significance within agricultural plants.
{"title":"Molecular Evidence of Mucoromycotina “Fine Root Endophyte” Fungi in Agricultural Crops","authors":"Besiana Sinanaj, M. Bidartondo, S. Pressel, Katie J. Field","doi":"10.3390/IECPS2020-08728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/IECPS2020-08728","url":null,"abstract":": Over 85% of land plants engage in symbiotic relationships with mycorrhiza-forming soil fungi that colonise their roots. These mycorrhizal symbioses, which involve the exchange of fungal-acquired nutrients and water for photosynthetically-fixed plant carbon, are considered a promising nature-based solution to making agricultural practices more sustainable. In order to implement the widespread use of mycorrhizal fungi in agriculture, a more complete awareness of mycorrhizal fungal diversity and range of plant hosts is needed. Mucoromycotina Fine Root Endophytes (MFRE) are a group of mycorrhiza-forming fungi that have recently been shown to be phylogenetically and functionally distinct from Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF). Here, we provide the first molecular evidence of MFRE colonisation of winter wheat, winter barley, spring wheat and strawberry roots. Fungal symbionts were identified from partial DNA sequences of the 18S ribosomal RNA gene, obtained through a workflow involving molecular cloning and Sanger sequencing. Our findings shed light on the true distribution of plant-MFRE associations and give rise to new questions regarding their functional significance within agricultural plants.","PeriodicalId":437745,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The 1st International Electronic Conference on Plant Science","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127555359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Ramos-Solano, A. García-Villaraco, Enrique Gutierrez-Albanchez, E. Galicia, J. A. Lucas, M. Montero-Palmero, F. J. Gutiérrez-Mañero
Currently, the world is facing a high population increase as well as climate change involving global warming, water shortage which limits agronomic productivity, necessary to achieve food security for the growing population. As sessile organisms unable to run away from danger, plants are endowed with sophisticated mechanisms to overcome all stressing situations for survival, involving an enormous amount of chemical molecules, specific for each situation. In addition, they establish intimate relationships with beneficial microorganisms creating the plant microbiome. Within this microbiome are beneficial bacteria, known as Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR), which represent a great tool to boost plant fitness in different aspects, as they are able to trigger multiple targets simultaneously. The present work describes the physiological mechanisms involved in plant adaptation to water stress, nutrient absorption, and adaptative responses to biotic stress and how bioeffectors are able to modulate these responses, focusing on the mechanisms involved in plant adaptation to water stress (salinity and water shortage), plant innate immunity and general mechanisms involved in plant protection to pathogen outbreaks. A few examples in Solanum lycopersicum, Olea europea and Rubus sp illustrate effects of PGPR increasing plant adaptative capacity.
{"title":"Beneficial microorganisms: the best partner to improve plant adaptative capacity","authors":"B. Ramos-Solano, A. García-Villaraco, Enrique Gutierrez-Albanchez, E. Galicia, J. A. Lucas, M. Montero-Palmero, F. J. Gutiérrez-Mañero","doi":"10.3390/IECPS2020-08639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/IECPS2020-08639","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, the world is facing a high population increase as well as climate change involving global warming, water shortage which limits agronomic productivity, necessary to achieve food security for the growing population. As sessile organisms unable to run away from danger, plants are endowed with sophisticated mechanisms to overcome all stressing situations for survival, involving an enormous amount of chemical molecules, specific for each situation. In addition, they establish intimate relationships with beneficial microorganisms creating the plant microbiome. Within this microbiome are beneficial bacteria, known as Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR), which represent a great tool to boost plant fitness in different aspects, as they are able to trigger multiple targets simultaneously. \u0000The present work describes the physiological mechanisms involved in plant adaptation to water stress, nutrient absorption, and adaptative responses to biotic stress and how bioeffectors are able to modulate these responses, focusing on the mechanisms involved in plant adaptation to water stress (salinity and water shortage), plant innate immunity and general mechanisms involved in plant protection to pathogen outbreaks. A few examples in Solanum lycopersicum, Olea europea and Rubus sp illustrate effects of PGPR increasing plant adaptative capacity.","PeriodicalId":437745,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The 1st International Electronic Conference on Plant Science","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123752545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Barreira, M. C. Paz, L. Amaro, José Eduardo Bruno de Sousa, J. Benhadi‐Marín, Mikola Rasko, A. Silva, Joana Alves, A. Chuhutin, C. Topping, S. Santos
: Olive growing has been facing major sustainability challenges due to intensification, resulting in an increased use of pesticides and fertilizers and, consequently, in the depletion of natural resources and loss of biodiversity and landscape values. This has created an urgent need to develop models for managing complex agroecosystems that integrate factors affecting food quality, sustainability and biodiversity, providing a supporting technique to understand the consequences of agricultural management for ecosystem services. We are developing an advanced agent-based simulation (ABS) applied to olive groves to model the effects of farming practices on the abundance of olive pest predators. ABS is a modeling technique where agents represent animals (predator arthropods, in our case) acting in their environment. Our model is based on an ABS system developed by Aarhus University, the ALMaSS, which comprises highly detailed farm management and spatial structures to construct dynamic landscapes where agents operate. In this work, we present the conceptual model for one of the selected species, Haplodrassus rufipes (Araneae: Gnaphosidae).
{"title":"Developing an Agent-Based Model for Haplodrassus rufipes (Araneae: Gnaphosidae), a Generalist Predator Species of Olive Tree Pests: Conceptual Model Outline","authors":"R. Barreira, M. C. Paz, L. Amaro, José Eduardo Bruno de Sousa, J. Benhadi‐Marín, Mikola Rasko, A. Silva, Joana Alves, A. Chuhutin, C. Topping, S. Santos","doi":"10.3390/IECPS2020-08745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/IECPS2020-08745","url":null,"abstract":": Olive growing has been facing major sustainability challenges due to intensification, resulting in an increased use of pesticides and fertilizers and, consequently, in the depletion of natural resources and loss of biodiversity and landscape values. This has created an urgent need to develop models for managing complex agroecosystems that integrate factors affecting food quality, sustainability and biodiversity, providing a supporting technique to understand the consequences of agricultural management for ecosystem services. We are developing an advanced agent-based simulation (ABS) applied to olive groves to model the effects of farming practices on the abundance of olive pest predators. ABS is a modeling technique where agents represent animals (predator arthropods, in our case) acting in their environment. Our model is based on an ABS system developed by Aarhus University, the ALMaSS, which comprises highly detailed farm management and spatial structures to construct dynamic landscapes where agents operate. In this work, we present the conceptual model for one of the selected species, Haplodrassus rufipes (Araneae: Gnaphosidae).","PeriodicalId":437745,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The 1st International Electronic Conference on Plant Science","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124988241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Coelho, C. Pessoa, A. Marques, I. Luís, D. Daccak, M. M. Silva, M. Simões, F. Reboredo, M. Pessoa, Mauro Guerra, R. Leitão, C. Galhano, P. Legoinha, Nuno Leal, J. Ramalho, A. M. Ribeiro, A. Rodrigues, P. Scotti-Campos, I. Pais, F. Lidon
: Calcium is a crucial nutrient for bone development and the normal functioning of the circulatory system, whereas its deficiency can trigger the development of osteoporosis and rickets. On the other hand, Solanum tuberosum L. is one of the most important staple food crops worldwide and is a primary component of the human diet. Accordingly, using this staple food, this study aims to develop a technical itinerary for Ca biofortification of cv. Agria. As such, an itinerary of Ca biofortification was promoted throughout the respective production cycle. Seven foliar sprays with CaCl 2 or chelated calcium (Ca EDTA) were used at concentrations of 12 and 24 kg ha − 1 . The index of Ca biofortification and the related interactions with other chemical elements in the tuber were assessed. It was found that, relative to the control at harvest, Ca content increased 1.07–2.22 fold (maximum levels were obtained with 12 kg ha − 1 Ca-EDTA). Ca(EDTA) at a concentration of 24 kg ha − 1 showed the second-highest levels in Ca, S and, P content. By adding CaCl 2 , it was also possible to identify a tendency of increasing contents (in Ca, K, S, and P) when the spraying concentration increased (12 kg ha − 1 to 24 kg ha − 1 ). Outside of the Ca higher content, dry weight, height, diameter, and the colorimetric parameter L of the tubers did not vary significantly, but minor changes occurred in the colorimetric parameters Chroma and Hue. It was concluded that Ca(EDTA) could trigger a more efficient Ca biofortification of Agria potato tubers with the additional enrichment of K, S, and
钙是骨骼发育和循环系统正常运作的重要营养素，缺乏钙会引发骨质疏松症和佝偻病。另一方面，龙葵(Solanum tuberosum L.)是世界上最重要的主粮作物之一，是人类饮食的主要组成部分。因此,使用这种主食,本研究旨在开发一个Ca生物强化技术路线的简历。华奥。因此，在各自的生产周期中促进了钙生物强化的行程。七叶面喷雾CaCl 2或螯合钙浓度(Ca EDTA)用于12和24公斤−1。评价了块茎中钙的生物强化指标及其与其他化学元素的相互作用。结果表明，采后与对照相比，Ca含量增加了1.07 ~ 2.22倍(Ca- edta为12 kg ha−1时最高)。Ca(EDTA)浓度为24 kg ha−1时，Ca、S和P含量次高。通过添加cacl2，还可以确定随着喷洒浓度的增加(从12 kg ha−1增加到24 kg ha−1)，Ca、K、S和P的含量有增加的趋势。除Ca含量较高外，块茎的干重、高、直径和比色参数L变化不显著，但比色参数Chroma和Hue变化较小。综上所述，Ca(EDTA)可以触发Agria马铃薯块茎更有效的Ca生物强化，并增加K, S和
{"title":"Natural Mineral Enrichment in Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Agria: Accumulation of Ca and Interaction with Other Nutrients by XRF Analysis","authors":"A. Coelho, C. Pessoa, A. Marques, I. Luís, D. Daccak, M. M. Silva, M. Simões, F. Reboredo, M. Pessoa, Mauro Guerra, R. Leitão, C. Galhano, P. Legoinha, Nuno Leal, J. Ramalho, A. M. Ribeiro, A. Rodrigues, P. Scotti-Campos, I. Pais, F. Lidon","doi":"10.3390/IECPS2020-08709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/IECPS2020-08709","url":null,"abstract":": Calcium is a crucial nutrient for bone development and the normal functioning of the circulatory system, whereas its deficiency can trigger the development of osteoporosis and rickets. On the other hand, Solanum tuberosum L. is one of the most important staple food crops worldwide and is a primary component of the human diet. Accordingly, using this staple food, this study aims to develop a technical itinerary for Ca biofortification of cv. Agria. As such, an itinerary of Ca biofortification was promoted throughout the respective production cycle. Seven foliar sprays with CaCl 2 or chelated calcium (Ca EDTA) were used at concentrations of 12 and 24 kg ha − 1 . The index of Ca biofortification and the related interactions with other chemical elements in the tuber were assessed. It was found that, relative to the control at harvest, Ca content increased 1.07–2.22 fold (maximum levels were obtained with 12 kg ha − 1 Ca-EDTA). Ca(EDTA) at a concentration of 24 kg ha − 1 showed the second-highest levels in Ca, S and, P content. By adding CaCl 2 , it was also possible to identify a tendency of increasing contents (in Ca, K, S, and P) when the spraying concentration increased (12 kg ha − 1 to 24 kg ha − 1 ). Outside of the Ca higher content, dry weight, height, diameter, and the colorimetric parameter L of the tubers did not vary significantly, but minor changes occurred in the colorimetric parameters Chroma and Hue. It was concluded that Ca(EDTA) could trigger a more efficient Ca biofortification of Agria potato tubers with the additional enrichment of K, S, and","PeriodicalId":437745,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The 1st International Electronic Conference on Plant Science","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116680583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Daccak, C. Pessoa, A. Coelho, A. R. Marques, I. Luís, M. M. Silva, Mauro Guerra, R. Leitão, J. Ramalho, M. Simões, F. Reboredo, M. Pessoa, P. Legoinha, P. Scotti-Campos, I. Pais, F. Lidon
: Micronutrient deficiency affects individuals all around the world, being a public health problem. To minimize this problem, several alternatives are being developed, namely agronomic biofortification, to increase the amount of nutrients in food crops. In this context, Zn is one of the most relevant micronutrients for the human body, displaying catalytic, structural and regulatory properties. Considering that Zn deficiency leads to health diseases (namely, neurological disorders, autoimmune, degenerative diseases related to age, Wilson’s disease, cardiovascular problems, and diabetes mellitus), a technical itinerary for biofortification was outlined in a field grapes located in Palmela (Portugal), aiming to optimize Zn contents for the Syrah variety. Biofortification was performed with foliar spraying with zinc oxide (ZnO) and zinc sulfate (ZnSO 4 ) throughout the production cycle (at concentrations of 0%, 30% and 60%—0, 450 and 900 g ha −1 ). Zinc biofortification index increased about 59% and 45%, with OZn60 and SZn60, whereas its deposition in the flesh of the grapes increased 2.41 and 2.37 fold and in the seeds ca. 1.76 and 2.19 fold (in OZn60 and SZn60, respectively). After vinification, wine significant increases of Zn contents were also found (1.92 and 1.77 fold) yet, considering the amount of this nutrient in grapes, it is concluded that vinification must also be optimized.
微量营养素缺乏影响着全世界的人，是一个公共卫生问题。为了尽量减少这一问题，正在开发几种替代办法，即农艺生物强化，以增加粮食作物中的营养成分。在此背景下，锌是与人体最相关的微量营养素之一，具有催化、结构和调节特性。考虑到锌缺乏会导致健康疾病(即神经系统疾病、自身免疫性疾病、与年龄相关的退行性疾病、威尔逊病、心血管疾病和糖尿病)，在位于Palmela(葡萄牙)的一个葡萄田中概述了生物强化的技术路线，旨在优化西拉品种的锌含量。在整个生产周期内，通过叶面喷施氧化锌(ZnO)和硫酸锌(znso4)(浓度分别为0%、30%和60% - 0,450和900 g ha - 1)进行生物强化。zn60和SZn60分别提高了59%和45%的锌生物强化指数，而zn60和SZn60分别提高了2.41倍和2.37倍的锌在果肉中的沉积量和籽粒中的沉积量分别提高了1.76倍和2.19倍。经葡萄发酵后，葡萄酒中锌的含量也显著增加(分别增加了1.92倍和1.77倍)，考虑到葡萄中锌的含量，葡萄发酵也必须进行优化。
{"title":"Grapes Enrichment with Zinc for Vinification: Mineral Analysis with Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry, XRF and Tissue Analysis","authors":"D. Daccak, C. Pessoa, A. Coelho, A. R. Marques, I. Luís, M. M. Silva, Mauro Guerra, R. Leitão, J. Ramalho, M. Simões, F. Reboredo, M. Pessoa, P. Legoinha, P. Scotti-Campos, I. Pais, F. Lidon","doi":"10.3390/IECPS2020-08718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/IECPS2020-08718","url":null,"abstract":": Micronutrient deficiency affects individuals all around the world, being a public health problem. To minimize this problem, several alternatives are being developed, namely agronomic biofortification, to increase the amount of nutrients in food crops. In this context, Zn is one of the most relevant micronutrients for the human body, displaying catalytic, structural and regulatory properties. Considering that Zn deficiency leads to health diseases (namely, neurological disorders, autoimmune, degenerative diseases related to age, Wilson’s disease, cardiovascular problems, and diabetes mellitus), a technical itinerary for biofortification was outlined in a field grapes located in Palmela (Portugal), aiming to optimize Zn contents for the Syrah variety. Biofortification was performed with foliar spraying with zinc oxide (ZnO) and zinc sulfate (ZnSO 4 ) throughout the production cycle (at concentrations of 0%, 30% and 60%—0, 450 and 900 g ha −1 ). Zinc biofortification index increased about 59% and 45%, with OZn60 and SZn60, whereas its deposition in the flesh of the grapes increased 2.41 and 2.37 fold and in the seeds ca. 1.76 and 2.19 fold (in OZn60 and SZn60, respectively). After vinification, wine significant increases of Zn contents were also found (1.92 and 1.77 fold) yet, considering the amount of this nutrient in grapes, it is concluded that vinification must also be optimized.","PeriodicalId":437745,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The 1st International Electronic Conference on Plant Science","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130757498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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