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Design approach to blended learning in teaching EFL for Indonesian university students 印尼大学生英语教学中混合式学习的设计方法
Pub Date : 2020-06-04 DOI: 10.21831/lingped.v1i2.27434
N. Sari
With the rapidly increasing involvement of technology in the teaching and learning process in higher education, lecturers are constantly on the lookout for better ways to integrate technology into their classes. Blended learning emerged in 2000 and has been one of the most popular approaches to teaching EFL. Despite having been around for years, not many people fully understand the principle behind it and how to design an effective blended course. Such is the case in most higher education institutions in Indonesia. This article reports on the result of a survey-based research in which the aim was to investigate how EFL lecturers in Yogyakarta State University, Indonesia design their blended courses. As many as 9 lecturers were involved as respondents in an online survey, an interview, and documents inspection. The data from the survey were then analyzed using two major theories of blended learning design approach by Lai, M., Lam, K. M., & Lim, C. P. (2016) and Alammary, Sheard, and Carbone (2014). The findings revealed that EFL lecturers designed their blended learning based on the principle of extension by Lai, M., Lam, K. M., & Lim, C. P. (2016) and the low-impact model Alammary, Sheard, and Carbone (2014) was preferred to the other models.
随着技术在高等教育教学过程中的应用越来越广泛,教师们一直在寻找更好的方法将技术融入到他们的课堂中。混合式学习出现于2000年,是最流行的英语教学方法之一。尽管混合式课程已经存在多年,但并没有多少人完全理解它背后的原理以及如何设计有效的混合式课程。这就是印度尼西亚大多数高等教育机构的情况。本文报告了一项基于调查的研究结果,该研究的目的是调查印度尼西亚日惹州立大学的英语讲师如何设计他们的混合课程。通过网络调查、采访、资料检查等方式,共有9名讲师被调查。然后使用Lai, M., Lam, K. M., & Lim, C. P.(2016)和Alammary, Sheard, and Carbone(2014)的混合学习设计方法的两个主要理论分析调查数据。研究结果显示,EFL讲师根据Lai, M., Lam, K. M., & Lim, C. P.(2016)的扩展原则设计了他们的混合学习,而Alammary, Sheard, and Carbone(2014)的低影响模型比其他模型更受欢迎。
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引用次数: 0
The Impacts of Integrative and Instrumental Motivation for Indonesian Learners 综合动机与工具性动机对印尼语学习者的影响
Pub Date : 2020-06-04 DOI: 10.21831/lingped.v1i2.18541
S. Syafrizal
Motivation plays an important role in foreign language learning. This paper discusses the definition of motivation, types of motivation; the factors influencing motivation in learning English, and Gardner’s socioeducational model. The purpose of the study was to find out the the impact of integrative and instrumental motivation in learning English. This study applied descriptive quantitative method. Using a purposive sampling technique, obtained the 20 respondents who met the requirements. The subjects in this study were seventh grade students of SMPIT Putri Al-Hanif. The writer designed a questionnaire of motivation by using likert scale. To achieve the goal, Gardner and Lambert's model were taken into consideration. They were distributed among students by simply evaluating 20 statements. Results indicated that seventh grade students of SMPIT Putri Al-Hanif have stronger integrative motivation than instrumental motivation.
动机在外语学习中起着重要的作用。本文讨论了动机的定义、动机的类型;影响英语学习动机的因素,以及加德纳的社会教育模式。本研究旨在探讨综合动机和工具性动机对英语学习的影响。本研究采用描述性定量方法。采用有目的的抽样方法,获得符合要求的20名受访者。本研究的被试为SMPIT Putri Al-Hanif七年级学生。作者采用李克特量表设计了一份动机问卷。为了达到这个目的,我们考虑了Gardner和Lambert的模型。他们通过简单地评估20个陈述来分配给学生。结果表明,我校七年级学生的整合动机强于工具动机。
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引用次数: 3
Developing a Framework of Media-Aided Descending-Ascending Repetition of Vocabulary Learning 媒体辅助下的词汇升降重复学习框架的构建
Pub Date : 2019-03-19 DOI: 10.21831/lingped.v1i1.24048
Suwarsih Madya
Foreign language basic vocabulary learning for teenagers mostly belongs to verbal information learning, involving a lot of memorization and thus, necessary repetition. However, EFL teachers, particularly in the school observed, fail to pay attention to vocabulary learning at this stage due to limited time, which has resulted in low learning achievement.  This action research was focused on developing a framework of media-aided fading repetition of vocabulary learning for purposes of mastery improvement. The research participants were two English language teachers, one teacher educator, and 32 students in a state junior secondary school of a medium ranking and size in Sleman District, Yogyakarta Special Territory, Indonesia. This school was selected considering the transferability of the findings. The study was conducted from January-May 2017 in three planning-action-observation-reflection cycles of repeating the learning of the target vocabulary in the process of developing an appropriate framework of media-aided fading repetition in the existing curriculum implementation. Data were collected through observation and testing. The results were of two types: (1) the intended framework, and (2) improvement in the following aspects: the increasing classroom atmosphere liveliness, students’ greater participation, students’ increasing scores, and the teacher’s awareness of the importance of repetition and variations of activities in vocabulary learning. Keywords: vocabulary, EFL, media-aided descending-ascending repetition
青少年外语基础词汇学习多属于言语信息学习,涉及大量的记忆,因此需要重复。然而,在这一阶段,英语教师,尤其是我们所观察到的学校的教师,由于时间有限,没有重视词汇的学习,导致学习成绩不高。本行动研究的重点是建立一个以提高词汇掌握为目的的媒体辅助消退重复学习框架。研究对象为印度尼西亚日惹特别行政区Sleman区的一所中等规模公立初中的两名英语教师、一名教师教育工作者和32名学生。选择这所学校是考虑到研究结果的可转移性。本研究于2017年1月至5月在现有课程实施中制定适当的媒体辅助消退重复框架的过程中,通过三个计划-行动-观察-反思周期重复目标词汇的学习。通过观察和测试收集数据。结果有两方面:(1)预期的框架;(2)在以下几个方面有所改善:课堂气氛更加活泼,学生参与度更高,学生成绩提高,教师意识到活动的重复和变化在词汇学习中的重要性。关键词:词汇,英语,媒介辅助降升重复
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引用次数: 0
The Effectiveness of Using CIRC and CTL in Teaching and Learning Reading Comprehension CIRC和CTL在阅读理解教学中的应用效果
Pub Date : 2019-03-19 DOI: 10.21831/LINGPED.V1I1.23752
Dian Ismawati, S. Sugirin
Teaching reading in secondary level is aimed at teaching for comprehension. Comprehension occurs when the reader extracts and integrates various information from the text and combines it with what is already known. Reading comprehension is an intentional, active, interactive process that occurs before, during and after a person reads a particular piece of writing. When a person reads a text, he engages in a complex array of cognitive processes. In the teaching and learning process in SMP Negeri 1 Pecangaan, the teachers still dominate the activities. It emphasis on reading the text and then answers the questions based on the text and discussion to determine the correct answer. This is known as “Baca-Soal-Diskusi” technique (BSD). Concerned about the technique, the researcher thinks that the technique is not good enough. It can be seen that the students’ ability in understanding the text is not satisfactory enough. This research was aimed at describing(1) the difference of effectiveness between CIRC, CTLand conventional techniques and (2) which one is the most effective technique – CIRC, CTL, or conventional – in teaching and learning reading comprehension of grade VIII students of SMPN 1 Pecangaan.. This quasi experimental research used pretest posttest nonequivalent group design with teaching techniques as the independent variable and students’ reading comprehension as the dependent variable. The population of the research was the students of grade VIII of SMPN 1 Pecangaan in the academic year 2013/2014 with three classes were randomly chosen as the research sample. The data were gathered through pretest and posttest of students’ reading comprehension which were analyzed using Ancova continued by Scheffe test with the significance level of 0.05. The research results show that (1) There is a significant difference in the reading comprehension of the students taught using CIRC, that of those taught using the CTL, and that of those taught using the conventional technique with F = 3.68 and p = 0.03 (2) CIRC is the most effective technique among them with the sequence of effectiveness is CIRC followed by CTL and conventional technique. Keywords: CIRC technique, CTL technique, reading comprehension
中学阅读教学的目的是理解教学。当读者从文本中提取和整合各种信息,并将其与已知信息结合起来时,就发生了理解。阅读理解是一个有意识的、积极的、互动的过程,发生在一个人阅读一篇特定文章之前、之中和之后。当一个人阅读一篇文章时,他会参与一系列复杂的认知过程。在Negeri 1 Pecangaan SMP的教与学过程中,教师仍然主导着活动。它强调阅读文本,然后根据文本和讨论回答问题,以确定正确答案。这就是所谓的“baca - sol - diskusi”技术。对于这项技术,研究者认为这项技术还不够好。由此可见,学生对课文的理解能力还不够令人满意。本研究旨在描述(1)CIRC与CTLand传统教学方法的有效性差异,以及(2)CIRC、CTL与传统教学方法中哪一种在教学与学习阅读理解方面最有效。本准实验研究采用前测后测非等效组设计,以教学技巧为自变量,学生阅读理解为因变量。本研究的人群为2013/2014学年SMPN 1 Pecangaan八年级的学生,随机抽取三个班作为研究样本。数据通过学生阅读理解的前测和后测收集,采用Ancova续用Scheffe检验进行分析,显著性水平为0.05。研究结果表明:(1)使用CIRC教学的学生的阅读理解与使用CTL教学的学生的阅读理解存在显著差异(F = 3.68, p = 0.03)(2)使用CIRC教学的学生的阅读理解最有效,其有效性顺序为CIRC,其次是CTL和常规技术。关键词:CIRC技术,CTL技术,阅读理解
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引用次数: 1
Teacher’s Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge in Developing Learning Materials 教材开发中教师的技术教学内容知识
Pub Date : 2019-03-19 DOI: 10.21831/LINGPED.V1I1.23983
Ella Wulandari
The provision of appropriate learning materials is essential in curriculum enactment as the prescribed competences and learning method are usually advised in textbooks supplied to support its implementation. However, government-supplied textbook cannot always ad­dress schools’ and students’ different needs. Teachers are, therefore, required to have the skills to develop their own learning materials to meet curriculum. In Indonesia, higher or­der thinking skills (HOTS) and technology are required to be integrated in the teaching and learning activities of all subjects including English. It is, then, important to survey teacher’s knowledge in materials development to help them acquire the required skills in developing materials in line with curriculum. This paper presents a survey study on junior secondary school teachers in Yogyakarta about their technological pedagogical content knowledge. A questionnaire was administered followed by an interview with selected teach­ers for further elaboration. The instrument was adapted from Schmidt et al (2009) and aimed to reveal teacher’s knowledge on teaching and technology and how they apply this knowledge into materials development processes. The finding suggests aspects of teacher’s knowledge that need further training and possible effective methods for their training as well as professional development design.Keywords:  curriculum, materials development, teacher’s knowledge
在制定课程时,提供适当的学习材料是必不可少的,因为为支持课程的实施而提供的教科书通常会介绍规定的能力和学习方法。然而,政府提供的教科书并不总是能满足学校和学生的不同需求。因此,教师需要具备开发自己的学习材料以满足课程要求的技能。在印度尼西亚,包括英语在内的所有学科的教学活动都需要更高层次的思维技能(HOTS)和技术。因此,重要的是调查教师在材料开发方面的知识,以帮助他们获得符合课程的材料开发所需的技能。本文对日惹市初中教师的技术教学内容知识进行了调查研究。在对选定的教师进行访谈后,进行了问卷调查,以作进一步阐述。该工具改编自Schmidt等人(2009),旨在揭示教师在教学和技术方面的知识,以及他们如何将这些知识应用到材料开发过程中。这一发现提示了教师需要进一步培训的知识方面,以及可能的有效培训方法和专业发展设计。关键词:课程,教材开发,教师知识
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引用次数: 4
An Analysis on Reading Strategies based on Metacognitive Awareness and Gender 基于元认知意识和性别的阅读策略分析
Pub Date : 2019-03-19 DOI: 10.21831/LINGPED.V1I1.23912
C. Fauzi, A. Ashadi
This article is based on survey research which sought to identify the reading strategies used by the first-semester graduate students and to reveal the most dominant strategies used by stu­dents of different gender. The participants of this study were first-semester graduate students (N = 43) of a state teacher college. A five-point Likert Scale questionnaire named SORS (Sur­vey of Reading Strategies) was deployed to collect the data concerning the use of reading strate­gies. The findings demonstrated that the first-semester students were greatly conversant in reading strategies with overall mean score of 3.82 which means a high level of awareness. The first-semester students consecutively preferred Problem Solving Strategies to Global Read­ing Strategies or Support Reading Strategies eventhough all of these three subscales fell into highly-used strategy. Female students were found to use the strategies more frequently that their male counterparts did. Also, the results of individual reading strategies use revealed that both genders tended to reread the text and to circle or underline information in the text to help them understand what they read. However, pedagogical implications on the use of metacogni­tive strategies that would help students activate their higher order thinking skills in reading needs to be given attention. Keywords: reading strategies, metacognitive awareness, gender
本文以调查研究为基础,旨在确定研究生一学期的阅读策略,并揭示不同性别学生使用的最主要的阅读策略。本研究的研究对象为一所州立师范学院的一学期研究生(N = 43)。采用李克特五分制阅读策略调查问卷(sor, survey of Reading Strategies)收集阅读策略使用情况。研究结果表明,第一学期学生对阅读策略的熟悉程度较高,总体平均得分为3.82分,表明学生对阅读策略的认知水平较高。第一学期学生对问题解决策略的偏好高于整体阅读策略或支持阅读策略,尽管这三个分量表都属于高使用率策略。研究发现,女学生比男学生更频繁地使用这些策略。此外,个人阅读策略使用的结果显示,男女都倾向于重读文本,并在文本中的信息圈或下划线,以帮助他们理解所读的内容。然而,使用元认知策略来帮助学生在阅读中激活他们的高阶思维技能的教学意义需要得到关注。关键词:阅读策略,元认知意识,性别
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引用次数: 2
“Digging Deep”: Using the Task Involvement Load Hypothesis to analyse textbooks for vocabulary learning potential “深挖”:运用任务涉入负荷假说分析教科书的词汇学习潜力
Pub Date : 2019-03-19 DOI: 10.21831/LINGPED.V1I1.18481
R. Ruegg, Cheri Brown
In the process of vocabulary acquisition, the extent to which tasks require depth of processing, termed ‘task-induced involvement’ by Laufer and Hulstijn (2001), and the potential effects of this on subsequent vocabulary retention, deserve greater attention. Laufer and Hulstijn (2001) claim that when ‘need’, ‘search’ and ‘evaluation’ are required in order to complete a task, learners engage with words more deeply, thus optimizing potential for successful vocabulary retention. This study was designed to ascertain the extent to which tasks, in commonly used reading textbooks and integrated skills course books, induce ‘deep’ involvement with vocabulary, thus facilitating vocabulary retention. Tasks in 10 reading textbooks and 10 integrated skills course books were analysed in terms of the elements identified by Laufer and Hulstijn (2001). The results were then compared between the two types of textbooks in order to determine whether one is more effective than the other for vocabulary retention.  The study found that the frequency of exposure to target vocabulary was insufficient for vocabulary acquisition. It was also found that many of the vocabulary activities investigated required little task-induced involvement, and more specifically, very few productive activities were found. Keywords: task-induced involvement, depth of processing, vocabulary acquisition, vocabulary retention, vocabulary learning
在词汇习得过程中,任务需要深度加工的程度值得更多关注,Laufer和Hulstijn(2001)将其称为“任务诱发参与”(task-induced involvement),以及这对后续词汇记忆的潜在影响。Laufer和Hulstijn(2001)声称,当为了完成一项任务需要“需要”、“搜索”和“评价”时,学习者会更深入地接触单词,从而优化成功记忆词汇的潜力。本研究旨在确定在常用的阅读教科书和综合技能课程书籍中,任务在多大程度上诱导词汇“深度”参与,从而促进词汇记忆。根据Laufer和Hulstijn(2001)提出的要素,对10本阅读教材和10本综合技能课程中的任务进行了分析。然后将结果与两种教科书进行比较,以确定一种教科书是否比另一种教科书更有效地记忆词汇。研究发现,学习者接触目标词汇的频率不足,不利于词汇习得。研究还发现,许多被调查的词汇活动几乎不需要任务诱导的参与,更具体地说,很少有生产性活动被发现。关键词:任务诱发涉入、加工深度、词汇习得、词汇保留、词汇学习
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引用次数: 2
The Influence of Teachers’ Teaching Skills and School Organizational Culture on Students’Achievement 教师教学技能与学校组织文化对学生成绩的影响
Pub Date : 2019-03-19 DOI: 10.21831/LINGPED.V1I1.23748
A. Anisah, A. Widyantoro
This research aims to investigate the effect of the teachers’ teaching skills and school organizational culture on the students’ learning achievement in English. The research was ex-post facto quantitative. The population comprised all Year VIII students of six SMPN’s in the District of Sintang. A sample of 260 students from six schools based on Krejcie and Morgan formula  was established using the cluster sampling technique. The data were collected through Likert-scale questionnaires. The validity of the instrument was assessed in terms of content validity. The data were analyzed using the multiple linier regression analysis with two independent variables, anova test, and test of multiple linier regression analysis prerequisites (test of multicolinearity, heteroscedasticity, normality, and linierity). The results of the regression testing on the variable of teachers’ teaching skills show the coefficient β = 0.030, p <0.0001 (significant). The variable of school organizational culture shows the coefficient β = 0.014, p < 0.0001 (significant). The effect of these two variables together showsR² = 0.155, Ftest = 23.593, p < 0.0001 (significant). It is concluded that both teachers’ teaching skills and school organizational culture collectively have a significant effect on the English learning achievement. Keywords: teachers’ teaching skills, school organizational culture, English learning achievement
本研究旨在探讨教师教学技巧和学校组织文化对学生英语学习成绩的影响。这项研究是事后定量的。人口包括辛塘区六所中学的所有八年级学生。基于Krejcie和Morgan公式,采用整群抽样技术,对来自6所学校的260名学生进行抽样。数据通过李克特量表问卷收集。仪器的效度是根据内容效度来评估的。数据分析采用双自变量多元线性回归分析、方差检验和多元线性回归分析前提检验(多元共线性检验、异方差检验、正态性检验和线性检验)。对教师教学技能变量的回归检验结果显示,系数β = 0.030, p <0.0001(显著)。学校组织文化变量的系数为β = 0.014, p < 0.0001(显著)。这两个变量共同作用的结果显示sr²= 0.155,Ftest = 23.593, p < 0.0001(显著)。结果表明,教师的教学技能和学校组织文化共同对学生的英语学习成绩有显著影响。关键词:教师教学技能,学校组织文化,英语学习成果
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引用次数: 0
Syntactical Errors in Students’ Writing: A case study of multilingual classrooms in India 学生写作中的句法错误:以印度多语课堂为例
Pub Date : 2019-03-19 DOI: 10.21831/LINGPED.V1I1.18502
Devi Hellystia
English is widely used as a tool for academic interaction in multilingual countries like India, however teaching English becomes very challenging particularly writing. Teachers have to face a heterogeneous group of students with a multilingual and multicultural background and they tend to bring their local languages and cultures which may affect their ability in English writing. There is an indication that the students insert patterns in their mother tongues when they are involved in writing activities. This paper deals with the syntactical errors found among multilingual learners from an Engineering college in Bhubaneswar, India. The tests were conducted for the undergraduate students who belonged to the 2nd and 4th semester. Written tests were conducted for 130 students in the form of passage and a written essay.  The research finding showed that misordering is the highest error rate committed by students with a total percentage of 48%. It is followed by other findings they are, 24% of misformation, 8,2% of omission, and 20% of addition.   Keywords: syntactical error, multilingual classrooms, multicultural
在印度等多语言国家,英语被广泛用作学术交流的工具,然而,英语教学变得非常具有挑战性,尤其是写作。教师面对的是一个多语言、多元文化背景的异质学生群体,他们往往会带来自己当地的语言和文化,这可能会影响他们的英语写作能力。有迹象表明,学生在参与写作活动时,会插入母语模式。本文研究了印度布巴内斯瓦尔一所工程学院多语学习者的语法错误。测试对象是第二学期和第四学期的本科生。对130名学生进行了书面测试,包括短文和书面论文。研究发现,学生犯的错误率最高的是顺序错误,总比例为48%。其次是其他发现,24%的错误,8.2%的遗漏,和20%的添加。关键词:句法错误,多语课堂,多元文化
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引用次数: 0
Language Learning Strategies in English Language Learning: A Survey Study 英语学习中的语言学习策略研究
Pub Date : 2019-03-19 DOI: 10.21831/LINGPED.V1I1.18399
Astri Hapsari
Strategic competence involves a number of learning and communication strategies which can be learned by language learners. These behaviors and thinking process can help second language learners to accelerate their target language learning. Teachers’ knowledge on these strategies will help language learners in overcoming the problems of their learning process. This survey study aims to describe students’ profile of strategic competence by mapping their language learning strategies. The participants were 106 students of Department of English Language Education in academic year 2014/2015. The instrument used was Oxford’s (1989) Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL) Worksheet, Version 7.0 for Speakers of Other Languages Learning English. Students’ profile of strategic competence in academic year 2014/2015 is: memory strategy (3.20), affective strategy (3.38), cognitive strategy (3.45), compensation strategy (3.46), social strategy (3.46), and metacognitive strategy (3.63). Therefore, the only strategy who has achieved high profile is metacognitive strategy (3.63). The other strategies are still on medium profile, which means all the students sometimes use the strategies. For the whole SILL strategies, students of Department of English Language Education, Universitas Islam Indonesia in academic year 2014/2015 get mean score 3.43, which also means on medium profile of strategic competence. From the result, it is recommended that the students need to develop the other five strategies from medium to high profile. Keywords: strategic competence, language learning strategies, survey study
策略能力包括语言学习者可以学习的许多学习和交际策略。这些行为和思维过程可以帮助第二语言学习者加速目标语言的学习。教师对这些策略的了解将有助于语言学习者克服学习过程中的问题。本研究旨在通过绘制学生的语言学习策略来描述学生的策略能力概况。研究对象为2014/2015学年英语语言教育系106名学生。使用的工具是牛津大学(1989)语言学习策略清单(SILL)工作表,7.0版本,用于其他语言的人学习英语。2014/2015学年学生的策略能力概况为:记忆策略(3.20)、情感策略(3.38)、认知策略(3.45)、补偿策略(3.46)、社会策略(3.46)、元认知策略(3.63)。因此,唯一受到高度关注的策略是元认知策略(3.63)。其他策略仍然处于中等地位,这意味着所有的学生有时都会使用这些策略。2014/2015学年,印尼伊斯兰大学英语语言教育系学生的整体SILL策略平均得分为3.43分,也意味着策略能力处于中等水平。从结果来看,建议学生需要发展其他五种策略,从中等到高知名度。关键词:策略能力,语言学习策略,调查研究
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引用次数: 8
期刊
Lingua Pedagogia, Journal of English Teaching Studies
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