Pub Date : 2021-08-11DOI: 10.1109/SEGE52446.2021.9535068
A. Delavari, J. Prévost, A. Côté
To meet new needs and to respond to changes in the energy market, Hydro-Québec Trans Énergie (HQT) under-´ takes an important research project, named PRIAD, to improve existing tools for asset management and modelling system. The aim of this project is to assess the impact of the unavailability of equipment, such as breakers, sectionalizers, physical buses, power transformers, etc., on the performance of the Hydro-Quebec (HQ) network. Power system node-breaker (PSNB) models are of common use in operation, while bus-branch models are usually used in planning studies. PRIAD relies on a transmission system reliability simulator named PRISME. PRISME is HQ’s first planning application that requires a PSNB model. To this end, we have developed an algorithm to convert the traditional bus-branch network model to a detailed node-breaker representation. To generate the node-breaker model (PSS/E format), we used the state estimator file in IEEE format, the Energy Management System (EMS) network connectivity model (CIM format), and the state of switches from the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System (SCADA) file.
为了满足新的需求并应对能源市场的变化，hydro - quacimbec Trans Énergie (HQT)承担了一项名为PRIAD的重要研究项目，以改进现有的资产管理和建模系统工具。该项目的目的是评估设备不可用的影响，如断路器、分段器、物理总线、电力变压器等，对魁北克水电(HQ)网络的性能。电力系统节点断路器(PSNB)模型是运行中常用的模型，而规划研究中通常使用母线-支路模型。PRIAD依赖于一个名为PRISME的传输系统可靠性模拟器。PRISME是HQ第一个需要PSNB模型的规划应用程序。为此，我们开发了一种算法，将传统的总线-分支网络模型转换为详细的节点断路器表示。为了生成节点断路器模型(PSS/E格式)，我们使用了IEEE格式的状态估计器文件、能源管理系统(EMS)网络连接模型(CIM格式)以及来自监控和数据采集系统(SCADA)文件的交换机状态。
{"title":"Hydro-Québec’s Experience of Implementing Power-system Node-Breaker Model for Planning Studies","authors":"A. Delavari, J. Prévost, A. Côté","doi":"10.1109/SEGE52446.2021.9535068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SEGE52446.2021.9535068","url":null,"abstract":"To meet new needs and to respond to changes in the energy market, Hydro-Québec Trans Énergie (HQT) under-´ takes an important research project, named PRIAD, to improve existing tools for asset management and modelling system. The aim of this project is to assess the impact of the unavailability of equipment, such as breakers, sectionalizers, physical buses, power transformers, etc., on the performance of the Hydro-Quebec (HQ) network. Power system node-breaker (PSNB) models are of common use in operation, while bus-branch models are usually used in planning studies. PRIAD relies on a transmission system reliability simulator named PRISME. PRISME is HQ’s first planning application that requires a PSNB model. To this end, we have developed an algorithm to convert the traditional bus-branch network model to a detailed node-breaker representation. To generate the node-breaker model (PSS/E format), we used the state estimator file in IEEE format, the Energy Management System (EMS) network connectivity model (CIM format), and the state of switches from the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System (SCADA) file.","PeriodicalId":438266,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 9th International Conference on Smart Energy Grid Engineering (SEGE)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121806963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-11DOI: 10.1109/SEGE52446.2021.9535052
Z. Pourmirza, S. Walker
The UK government has set a target to reach net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, and many other countries follow the same goal. In order to support the transition to net zero carbon future, Electric Vehicles (EV) can play a significant role. Providing a secure EV charging station is of high importance as the amount and type of data handled and transmitted via EV charging stations is growing and raising concerns both for the grid and consumers. The objective of this paper is to study the current landscape of EV charging stations in terms of cyber security, identify the cyber vulnerabilities, and present protocols and standards that can address cyber security challenges in such systems to provide a more secure charging infrastructure. Finally, this paper recommends the use of some security measures and techniques to mitigate cyber-attacks on EV charging infrastructure and alleviate the adverse impact of such attacks.
{"title":"Electric Vehicle Charging Station: Cyber Security Challenges and Perspective","authors":"Z. Pourmirza, S. Walker","doi":"10.1109/SEGE52446.2021.9535052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SEGE52446.2021.9535052","url":null,"abstract":"The UK government has set a target to reach net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, and many other countries follow the same goal. In order to support the transition to net zero carbon future, Electric Vehicles (EV) can play a significant role. Providing a secure EV charging station is of high importance as the amount and type of data handled and transmitted via EV charging stations is growing and raising concerns both for the grid and consumers. The objective of this paper is to study the current landscape of EV charging stations in terms of cyber security, identify the cyber vulnerabilities, and present protocols and standards that can address cyber security challenges in such systems to provide a more secure charging infrastructure. Finally, this paper recommends the use of some security measures and techniques to mitigate cyber-attacks on EV charging infrastructure and alleviate the adverse impact of such attacks.","PeriodicalId":438266,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 9th International Conference on Smart Energy Grid Engineering (SEGE)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121098615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-11DOI: 10.1109/SEGE52446.2021.9535096
Miguel Jiménez Aparicio, M. Reno, Pedro Barba, A. Bidram
This paper presents a new method for fault classification and location based on the Discrete Wavelet Transform decomposition and signal reconstruction - a type of Multi-Resolution Analysis. The designed signal-processing stage, which encompasses various signal transforms, plus the aforementioned decomposition in several frequency bands and the calculation of the signals’ energy, provides a consistent generalization of the features that characterize the fault signal. Then, this data is fed into ensemble Machine Learning algorithms. The results show that this method is reasonably accurate while requiring a tiny amount of fault data, expanding the capabilities of Traveling Wave relays to achieve an accurate fault classification and location in just microseconds.
{"title":"Multi-resolution Analysis Algorithm for Fast Fault Classification and Location in Distribution Systems","authors":"Miguel Jiménez Aparicio, M. Reno, Pedro Barba, A. Bidram","doi":"10.1109/SEGE52446.2021.9535096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SEGE52446.2021.9535096","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new method for fault classification and location based on the Discrete Wavelet Transform decomposition and signal reconstruction - a type of Multi-Resolution Analysis. The designed signal-processing stage, which encompasses various signal transforms, plus the aforementioned decomposition in several frequency bands and the calculation of the signals’ energy, provides a consistent generalization of the features that characterize the fault signal. Then, this data is fed into ensemble Machine Learning algorithms. The results show that this method is reasonably accurate while requiring a tiny amount of fault data, expanding the capabilities of Traveling Wave relays to achieve an accurate fault classification and location in just microseconds.","PeriodicalId":438266,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 9th International Conference on Smart Energy Grid Engineering (SEGE)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123001267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-11DOI: 10.1109/SEGE52446.2021.9535010
Marouane El Azzaoui
This paper deals with the start-up and smooth grid connexion of the doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) system driven by the wind turbine. Stator flux-oriented control for back-to-back converters in the DFIG rotor circuit is presented. The start-up procedure of DFIG begins with the encoder calibration and ends with the grid connection. First, a new algorithm for estimating the initial rotor position is investigated. This algorithm is provided to determine the initial angle, whatever the rotor state (blocked or in rotation). Then, the synchronization of open stator and grid voltages is discussed in depth. By controlling d-axis and q-axis the magnitude and phase of the induced stator voltage are adjusted respectively to be equal to the grid voltage. The proposed method ensures a smooth connection and zero exchange power at the moment of connection. Furthermore, the steps for safe disconnection are presented. Finally, the overall methodology is validated on a 3 kW DFIG laboratory setup.
{"title":"Start-up and Smooth Grid Connection of the Doubly Fed Induction Generator","authors":"Marouane El Azzaoui","doi":"10.1109/SEGE52446.2021.9535010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SEGE52446.2021.9535010","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the start-up and smooth grid connexion of the doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) system driven by the wind turbine. Stator flux-oriented control for back-to-back converters in the DFIG rotor circuit is presented. The start-up procedure of DFIG begins with the encoder calibration and ends with the grid connection. First, a new algorithm for estimating the initial rotor position is investigated. This algorithm is provided to determine the initial angle, whatever the rotor state (blocked or in rotation). Then, the synchronization of open stator and grid voltages is discussed in depth. By controlling d-axis and q-axis the magnitude and phase of the induced stator voltage are adjusted respectively to be equal to the grid voltage. The proposed method ensures a smooth connection and zero exchange power at the moment of connection. Furthermore, the steps for safe disconnection are presented. Finally, the overall methodology is validated on a 3 kW DFIG laboratory setup.","PeriodicalId":438266,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 9th International Conference on Smart Energy Grid Engineering (SEGE)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128039248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-11DOI: 10.1109/SEGE52446.2021.9535020
Hussain Sarwar Khan, Khaled Syfullah Fuad, M. Karimi, K. Kauhaniemi
The integration of power electronics-based generation has increased in the medium voltage (MV) level of the distribution networks, nowadays. It is obvious that the contribution level of this type of source is providing a limited fault current level according to the thermal and fault ride-through capability of power electronic converters. Therefore, the fault current level in the grid-connected and islanded mode of the microgrid is different and the protection scheme is required to be reviewed. In this regard, converters’ responses contribute to the stability of the microgrid in the case of abnormal conditions. This paper has investigated the effect of power electronic converters and their controllers in future microgrids with the high penetration level of power electronic-based generation. A distribution management system has been designed to address the issues and challenges of faulty conditions and a voltage ride-through technique has been proposed. The simulation results of an MV distribution network demonstrate the fault current level of the future microgrid in abnormal conditions. The proper protection strategy is designed to detect any type of short circuit fault current as well as avoidance of damage to the integrated PEC-based generations.
{"title":"Fault Current Level Analysis of Future Microgrids with High Penetration Level of Power Electronic-Based Generation","authors":"Hussain Sarwar Khan, Khaled Syfullah Fuad, M. Karimi, K. Kauhaniemi","doi":"10.1109/SEGE52446.2021.9535020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SEGE52446.2021.9535020","url":null,"abstract":"The integration of power electronics-based generation has increased in the medium voltage (MV) level of the distribution networks, nowadays. It is obvious that the contribution level of this type of source is providing a limited fault current level according to the thermal and fault ride-through capability of power electronic converters. Therefore, the fault current level in the grid-connected and islanded mode of the microgrid is different and the protection scheme is required to be reviewed. In this regard, converters’ responses contribute to the stability of the microgrid in the case of abnormal conditions. This paper has investigated the effect of power electronic converters and their controllers in future microgrids with the high penetration level of power electronic-based generation. A distribution management system has been designed to address the issues and challenges of faulty conditions and a voltage ride-through technique has been proposed. The simulation results of an MV distribution network demonstrate the fault current level of the future microgrid in abnormal conditions. The proper protection strategy is designed to detect any type of short circuit fault current as well as avoidance of damage to the integrated PEC-based generations.","PeriodicalId":438266,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 9th International Conference on Smart Energy Grid Engineering (SEGE)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114349917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-11DOI: 10.1109/SEGE52446.2021.9535011
Kathrine Lau Jørgensen, Hamid Reza Shaker
A power grid with increasing wind power and decreasing capacity of conventional power plants induces challenges in the balancing of the power grid. The cost of purchasing reserves in Denmark has increased rapidly over the last five years. One solution to decrease the reserve cost is by introducing new market players to the markets, e.g. wind turbines. Today the wind turbines are excluded from the markets due to low availability. By developing a wind power forecasting model, the availability of the wind at varying wind speeds can be evaluated. A time series neural network with three hidden neurons and two delays are developed. It was found that the highest performance was reached by applying PCA and by using the training algorithm scaled conjugate gradient. The optimal network resulted in an R2-value at 0.990 and MSE at 33895, when testing the model on unseen data. Using the developed model, the availability of wind power was estimated. Limits of the reserve purchase were set at varying wind speeds. The highest purchase was at wind speeds above 20 m/s, where 92% of the predicted power is available with a security of 95%. As the wind speed decreases the purchase decreases as well. The model showed the poorest predictions at wind speeds between 0-5 m/s.
{"title":"Wind Power Forecasting for the Danish Transmission System Operator Using Machine Learning","authors":"Kathrine Lau Jørgensen, Hamid Reza Shaker","doi":"10.1109/SEGE52446.2021.9535011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SEGE52446.2021.9535011","url":null,"abstract":"A power grid with increasing wind power and decreasing capacity of conventional power plants induces challenges in the balancing of the power grid. The cost of purchasing reserves in Denmark has increased rapidly over the last five years. One solution to decrease the reserve cost is by introducing new market players to the markets, e.g. wind turbines. Today the wind turbines are excluded from the markets due to low availability. By developing a wind power forecasting model, the availability of the wind at varying wind speeds can be evaluated. A time series neural network with three hidden neurons and two delays are developed. It was found that the highest performance was reached by applying PCA and by using the training algorithm scaled conjugate gradient. The optimal network resulted in an R2-value at 0.990 and MSE at 33895, when testing the model on unseen data. Using the developed model, the availability of wind power was estimated. Limits of the reserve purchase were set at varying wind speeds. The highest purchase was at wind speeds above 20 m/s, where 92% of the predicted power is available with a security of 95%. As the wind speed decreases the purchase decreases as well. The model showed the poorest predictions at wind speeds between 0-5 m/s.","PeriodicalId":438266,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 9th International Conference on Smart Energy Grid Engineering (SEGE)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125467851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-11DOI: 10.1109/SEGE52446.2021.9534986
Amleset Kelati, Hossam Gaber
In this paper, we present and discussed Internet of Things (IoT) based smart grid (SG) using smart meter (SM) for energy management techniques on Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA). The SG allows for reliable communication and an efficient energy management system. IoT-based SG technology can manage and monitor remotely using Home Area Networks (HANs) for home energy management. HAN is equipped with SM to collect a huge amount of data from appliances to report their energy consumption. Home Energy Management’s (HEM’s) have the advantage of offering real-time energy usage to the consumer by limiting the power requirement to the SG. The paper addresses HAN system devices using ZigBee makes wireless communication effective for monitoring consumer's daily routine and by alerting security alarms with lower cost. The ZigBee network in connection with the microcontroller and interfaced with FPGA on HAN advanced the existing remote energy management system and the relatability and confidentiality of the SGs on the home energy management system.
{"title":"IoT for Home Energy Management (HEM) Using FPGA","authors":"Amleset Kelati, Hossam Gaber","doi":"10.1109/SEGE52446.2021.9534986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SEGE52446.2021.9534986","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present and discussed Internet of Things (IoT) based smart grid (SG) using smart meter (SM) for energy management techniques on Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA). The SG allows for reliable communication and an efficient energy management system. IoT-based SG technology can manage and monitor remotely using Home Area Networks (HANs) for home energy management. HAN is equipped with SM to collect a huge amount of data from appliances to report their energy consumption. Home Energy Management’s (HEM’s) have the advantage of offering real-time energy usage to the consumer by limiting the power requirement to the SG. The paper addresses HAN system devices using ZigBee makes wireless communication effective for monitoring consumer's daily routine and by alerting security alarms with lower cost. The ZigBee network in connection with the microcontroller and interfaced with FPGA on HAN advanced the existing remote energy management system and the relatability and confidentiality of the SGs on the home energy management system.","PeriodicalId":438266,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 9th International Conference on Smart Energy Grid Engineering (SEGE)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121788515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-11DOI: 10.1109/SEGE52446.2021.9534994
Ugonna Chikezie, T. Karacolak, J. D. do Prado
Security has been a major challenge in the smart grid since its adoption. This great concern let to the proposal of the application of blockchain technology to the smart grid. Blockchain is a growing list of records, called blocks, that are linked using cryptography and its transactions are validated by a consensus mechanism. The most known and trusted blockchain consensus mechanism is the proof-of-work (PoW) as it can process very little number of transactions per second. However, the proof-of-authority (PoA) consensus mechanism is scalable as it can process thousands of transactions per second without compromising security. This paper focuses on the applicability of blockchain PoA consensus mechanism and how it ensures that transactions are confirmed on time and the integrity of the transactions are upheld in the blockchain. The PoA consensus mechanism is appropriate especially with the adoption of peer-to-peer energy trading between prosumers and consumers. This study proposes a peer-to-peer energy trading in an open blockchain with the help of the Advanced Metering Infrastructure(AMI) that enables smart meters to function optimally for this purpose.
{"title":"Examining the Applicability of Blockchain to the Smart Grid Using Proof-of-Authority Consensus","authors":"Ugonna Chikezie, T. Karacolak, J. D. do Prado","doi":"10.1109/SEGE52446.2021.9534994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SEGE52446.2021.9534994","url":null,"abstract":"Security has been a major challenge in the smart grid since its adoption. This great concern let to the proposal of the application of blockchain technology to the smart grid. Blockchain is a growing list of records, called blocks, that are linked using cryptography and its transactions are validated by a consensus mechanism. The most known and trusted blockchain consensus mechanism is the proof-of-work (PoW) as it can process very little number of transactions per second. However, the proof-of-authority (PoA) consensus mechanism is scalable as it can process thousands of transactions per second without compromising security. This paper focuses on the applicability of blockchain PoA consensus mechanism and how it ensures that transactions are confirmed on time and the integrity of the transactions are upheld in the blockchain. The PoA consensus mechanism is appropriate especially with the adoption of peer-to-peer energy trading between prosumers and consumers. This study proposes a peer-to-peer energy trading in an open blockchain with the help of the Advanced Metering Infrastructure(AMI) that enables smart meters to function optimally for this purpose.","PeriodicalId":438266,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 9th International Conference on Smart Energy Grid Engineering (SEGE)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130332687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-11DOI: 10.1109/SEGE52446.2021.9534991
Farhad Khosrojerdi, S. Gagnon, Raul Valverde
Photovoltaic (PV) installers and non-technical solar energy consumers use PV planning software for the system design and simulation. End-users rely on the designed system and power estimations provided by these tools. However, most planning software products fail to consider shading conditions. This problem affects energy forecasting for solar power plants located in cold climates. In this paper, we define the status of full shading for a snow-covered panel and the minimum depth of snow creating it. Using a case study, we design the project by the most reliable planning software, System Advisor Model (SAM). We show that the simulation overestimates power generations for snowy months. To identify shading conditions and the correlated performance reductions, we compare the SAM results with the measured data collected onsite. As a result, the minimum depth of snow that can create full shading and zero production is detected. Moreover, comparing the measured data with the simulated power helps us to define a rule-base system providing PV performance reduction factors. It assists solar sector practitioners to plan a PV project accurately, especially for the locations where snowfall is an important environmental factor for several months.
光伏(PV)安装人员和非技术太阳能消费者使用PV规划软件进行系统设计和仿真。最终用户依赖于这些工具提供的设计系统和功率估计。然而，大多数规划软件产品没有考虑遮阳条件。这一问题影响了位于寒冷气候地区的太阳能发电厂的能量预测。在本文中，我们定义了一个被雪覆盖的面板的完全遮阳状态和创建它的最小积雪深度。通过案例研究，我们使用最可靠的规划软件System Advisor Model (SAM)来设计项目。结果表明，该模拟高估了积雪月份的发电量。为了确定遮阳条件和相关的性能下降，我们将SAM结果与现场收集的测量数据进行了比较。因此，可以创建完全遮阳和零生产的最小积雪深度被检测到。此外，将实测数据与模拟功率进行比较有助于我们定义一个提供光伏性能降低因子的基于规则的系统。它帮助太阳能行业从业者准确地规划光伏项目，特别是对于几个月来降雪是重要环境因素的地方。
{"title":"Full Shading for Photovoltaic Systems Operating under Snow Conditions","authors":"Farhad Khosrojerdi, S. Gagnon, Raul Valverde","doi":"10.1109/SEGE52446.2021.9534991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SEGE52446.2021.9534991","url":null,"abstract":"Photovoltaic (PV) installers and non-technical solar energy consumers use PV planning software for the system design and simulation. End-users rely on the designed system and power estimations provided by these tools. However, most planning software products fail to consider shading conditions. This problem affects energy forecasting for solar power plants located in cold climates. In this paper, we define the status of full shading for a snow-covered panel and the minimum depth of snow creating it. Using a case study, we design the project by the most reliable planning software, System Advisor Model (SAM). We show that the simulation overestimates power generations for snowy months. To identify shading conditions and the correlated performance reductions, we compare the SAM results with the measured data collected onsite. As a result, the minimum depth of snow that can create full shading and zero production is detected. Moreover, comparing the measured data with the simulated power helps us to define a rule-base system providing PV performance reduction factors. It assists solar sector practitioners to plan a PV project accurately, especially for the locations where snowfall is an important environmental factor for several months.","PeriodicalId":438266,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 9th International Conference on Smart Energy Grid Engineering (SEGE)","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115271335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-11DOI: 10.1109/SEGE52446.2021.9534997
Baptiste Boyer, P. Fiani, G. Sandou, E. Godoy, C. Vlad
This paper presents a modular approach to model and control multi-source systems or networks. This method derives from an energy-based modeling approach called functional modeling in which predictive functional control algorithms have been implemented. A concept of cost function is introduced and associated to each source. The design of the control has several objectives: remain as generic as possible, satisfy the needs from the consumers and distribute flows in order to minimize the cost functions. This methodology is applied to a use case consisting in the management of an isolated production unit composed of a wind power plant and a backup battery. The system is modeled and controlled in order to ensure the active power balance between consumers needs and sources supplies.
{"title":"Model Predictive Control Modular Approach for Multi-Source System Management","authors":"Baptiste Boyer, P. Fiani, G. Sandou, E. Godoy, C. Vlad","doi":"10.1109/SEGE52446.2021.9534997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SEGE52446.2021.9534997","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a modular approach to model and control multi-source systems or networks. This method derives from an energy-based modeling approach called functional modeling in which predictive functional control algorithms have been implemented. A concept of cost function is introduced and associated to each source. The design of the control has several objectives: remain as generic as possible, satisfy the needs from the consumers and distribute flows in order to minimize the cost functions. This methodology is applied to a use case consisting in the management of an isolated production unit composed of a wind power plant and a backup battery. The system is modeled and controlled in order to ensure the active power balance between consumers needs and sources supplies.","PeriodicalId":438266,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 9th International Conference on Smart Energy Grid Engineering (SEGE)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129327151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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