Afrida Nurain, P. Sarker, Md. Shiblur Rahaman, Md. Mostafizur Rahman, Md Elias Uddin
Biosorption is a convenient process for heavy metal remediation. In this study, banana peel was experimented to eliminate lead (Pb2+) from an aqueous solution following batch experiments. The functional groups of banana peel were identified by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The adsorption mechanism was studied by the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm model and determined the separation factor from the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The adsorption of Pb2+ on dried banana peel had been studied at different adsorbent doses, pH, initial concentration of Pb, contact time, temperature, and agitation speed. After adsorption, Pb2+ was measured using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Maximum adsorption had taken place at pH 5 for adsorbent dose 45 g L-1. The optimum contact time and agitation speed was 30 minutes and 150 rpm, respectively for the initial Pb concentration of 100 ppm at 25°C. Both, Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models shows the best fitting (r2 = 0.9978 and 0.9595) for Pb2+ adsorption. The maximum Pb2+ adsorption capacity was 2.1 mg g-1. The findings indicate that the banana peel waste could be a potential adsorbent for heavy metal removal. Moreover, the waste management problem could be solved in an eco-friendly manner by utilizing it for the eradication of Pb2+ from wastewater.
生物吸附法是一种方便的重金属修复方法。在本研究中，通过批量实验，研究了香蕉皮对水溶液中铅(Pb2+)的去除作用。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)对香蕉皮中的官能团进行了鉴定。采用Langmuir吸附等温线模型和Freundlich吸附等温线模型研究了吸附机理，并从Langmuir吸附等温线中确定了分离因子。研究了不同吸附剂用量、pH、Pb初始浓度、接触时间、温度和搅拌速度对干香蕉皮上Pb2+的吸附作用。吸附后，用原子吸收光谱(AAS)测定Pb2+。当吸附剂剂量为45 g L-1时，pH为5时吸附效果最佳。在25℃条件下，当初始Pb浓度为100 ppm时，最佳接触时间为30 min，搅拌速度为150 rpm。Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温线模型对Pb2+的吸附均拟合最佳(r2 = 0.9978和0.9595)。Pb2+的最大吸附量为2.1 mg g-1。研究结果表明，香蕉皮废弃物可能是一种潜在的重金属去除吸附剂。此外，利用它去除废水中的Pb2+，可以以生态友好的方式解决废物管理问题。
{"title":"Utilization of Banana (Musa sapientum) Peel for Removal of Pb2+ from Aqueous Solution","authors":"Afrida Nurain, P. Sarker, Md. Shiblur Rahaman, Md. Mostafizur Rahman, Md Elias Uddin","doi":"10.47352/jmans.v1i2.89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47352/jmans.v1i2.89","url":null,"abstract":"Biosorption is a convenient process for heavy metal remediation. In this study, banana peel was experimented to eliminate lead (Pb2+) from an aqueous solution following batch experiments. The functional groups of banana peel were identified by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The adsorption mechanism was studied by the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm model and determined the separation factor from the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The adsorption of Pb2+ on dried banana peel had been studied at different adsorbent doses, pH, initial concentration of Pb, contact time, temperature, and agitation speed. After adsorption, Pb2+ was measured using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Maximum adsorption had taken place at pH 5 for adsorbent dose 45 g L-1. The optimum contact time and agitation speed was 30 minutes and 150 rpm, respectively for the initial Pb concentration of 100 ppm at 25°C. Both, Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models shows the best fitting (r2 = 0.9978 and 0.9595) for Pb2+ adsorption. The maximum Pb2+ adsorption capacity was 2.1 mg g-1. The findings indicate that the banana peel waste could be a potential adsorbent for heavy metal removal. Moreover, the waste management problem could be solved in an eco-friendly manner by utilizing it for the eradication of Pb2+ from wastewater.","PeriodicalId":438361,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Sustainability & Security eJournal","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116668646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Agriculture is the important part of world economy.Agriculture sector is the part and percell of economy.
农业是世界经济的重要组成部分。农业是经济的组成部分和支柱。
{"title":"Role of Agriculture sector in the era of globalization.","authors":"Dr. Iqbal Shaukat","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3851428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3851428","url":null,"abstract":"Agriculture is the important part of world economy.Agriculture sector is the part and percell of economy.","PeriodicalId":438361,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Sustainability & Security eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115218982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite the increased attention and capital incentives around corporate sustainability, the development of sustainability reporting standards and monitoring systems has been progressing at a slow pace. As a result, companies have misaligned incentives to deliberately or selectively communicate information not matched with actual environmental impacts or make largely unsubstantiated promises around future ambitions. These incidents are broadly called “greenwashing,” but there is no clear consensus on its definition and taxonomy. We pay particular attention to the threat of greenwashing concerning carbon emission reductions by coining a new term, “carbonwashing.” Since carbon mitigation is the universal goal, the corporate carbon performance data supply chain is relatively more advanced than that of the entire sustainability data landscape. Nonetheless, the threat of carbonwashing persists, even far more severe than general greenwashing due to the financial values attached to corporate carbon performance. This paper contextualizes sustainable finance-related carbonwashing via an outline of the communication as well as the measurement, reporting, and verification (MRV) of carbon emission mitigation performance. Moreover, it proposes several actionable policy recommendations on how industry stakeholders and government regulators can reduce carbonwashing risks.
{"title":"Carbonwashing: A New Type of Carbon Data-Related ESG Greenwashing","authors":"S. In, K. Schumacher","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3901278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3901278","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the increased attention and capital incentives around corporate sustainability, the development of sustainability reporting standards and monitoring systems has been progressing at a slow pace. As a result, companies have misaligned incentives to deliberately or selectively communicate information not matched with actual environmental impacts or make largely unsubstantiated promises around future ambitions. These incidents are broadly called “greenwashing,” but there is no clear consensus on its definition and taxonomy. We pay particular attention to the threat of greenwashing concerning carbon emission reductions by coining a new term, “carbonwashing.” Since carbon mitigation is the universal goal, the corporate carbon performance data supply chain is relatively more advanced than that of the entire sustainability data landscape. Nonetheless, the threat of carbonwashing persists, even far more severe than general greenwashing due to the financial values attached to corporate carbon performance. This paper contextualizes sustainable finance-related carbonwashing via an outline of the communication as well as the measurement, reporting, and verification (MRV) of carbon emission mitigation performance. Moreover, it proposes several actionable policy recommendations on how industry stakeholders and government regulators can reduce carbonwashing risks.","PeriodicalId":438361,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Sustainability & Security eJournal","volume":"707 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124258161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Kennedy, Martin Dietrich Brauch, P. Toledano, Tehtena Mebratu-Tsegaye
With Nigeria’s National Assembly debating the proposed Petroleum Industry Bill (PIB) in the first quarter of 2021 — after nearly two decades of attempted reform of the country’s petroleum sector — Nigeria has a unique opportunity to rethink the role of the oil and gas industry in Nigeria’s economy and build out the country’s energy sector and economic capacity for the long term.
This piece provides a brief analysis of Nigeria’s PIB, highlighting the PIB’s laudable steps while identifying gaps and outlining recommendations for Nigeria to prepare for and seize the opportunity of the energy transition.
{"title":"Nigeria’s Petroleum Industry Bill: A Missed Opportunity to Prepare for the Zero-Carbon Future","authors":"S. Kennedy, Martin Dietrich Brauch, P. Toledano, Tehtena Mebratu-Tsegaye","doi":"10.7916/D8-DBS8-P927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7916/D8-DBS8-P927","url":null,"abstract":"With Nigeria’s National Assembly debating the proposed Petroleum Industry Bill (PIB) in the first quarter of 2021 — after nearly two decades of attempted reform of the country’s petroleum sector — Nigeria has a unique opportunity to rethink the role of the oil and gas industry in Nigeria’s economy and build out the country’s energy sector and economic capacity for the long term.<br><br>This piece provides a brief analysis of Nigeria’s PIB, highlighting the PIB’s laudable steps while identifying gaps and outlining recommendations for Nigeria to prepare for and seize the opportunity of the energy transition.","PeriodicalId":438361,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Sustainability & Security eJournal","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132231083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-30DOI: 10.34218/ijaret.10.6.2019.008
Pradyot Aramane, Akshay J Bhattad, M. M., Nishant Aithal, A. P., Prof.Prapulla S.B, Dr.Shoba .G
The increasing demand for water arising from global population growth and urbanization in recent years is stressing the water supply to its limits. By 2025, 1.8 billion people will experience absolute water scarcity, and 2/3 of the world will be living under water-stressed conditions [1-2]. Neural networks have proved to be an apt approach for water leakage detection as they have the best and most extensive reach on the problem owing to their computational nature. They do not any have basic flaws unlike alternate methods like leakage detection using acoustic sensors which cannot differentiate between spikes in flow and leakage. They are a flexible and efficient approach to detection of leakages in water distribution networks. According to an inquiry made by the International Water Supply Association (IWSA), the amount of lost or “unaccounted for water” (UFW) is typically in the range of 20–30% of production[3]. In this project, a neural network model is proposed for detection and location of leakages in the pipes based on pressure values from sensors deployed along the pipeline. The network is initially trained using these pressure values and can then be used to detect abnormalities in the readings which can be due to leakages. The open source tool used to develop this model is Neuroph Studio. Neuroph is a neural network framework written in Java. It can be used to create and train neural networks in Java programs. Neuroph provides Java class library as well as GUI tool to quickly create Java neural network components. The model consisting of a multilayer perceptron neural network identifies simultaneous leakages in multiple regions successfully. When the size of the input dataset increases from a set of 10 values to a set of 1500 values, the mean square error of outputs increases by 128 times. But when this change is from a set of 1500 values to a set of 12000 values, the mean square error increases by 1.6 times. Thus, the total mean square error decreases drastically with the increase in input size, leading to the conclusion that the model is stable and scalable.
{"title":"Iot and Neural Network Based Multi Region and Simultaneous Leakage Detection in Pipelines","authors":"Pradyot Aramane, Akshay J Bhattad, M. M., Nishant Aithal, A. P., Prof.Prapulla S.B, Dr.Shoba .G","doi":"10.34218/ijaret.10.6.2019.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34218/ijaret.10.6.2019.008","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing demand for water arising from global population growth and urbanization in recent years is stressing the water supply to its limits. By 2025, 1.8 billion people will experience absolute water scarcity, and 2/3 of the world will be living under water-stressed conditions [1-2]. Neural networks have proved to be an apt approach for water leakage detection as they have the best and most extensive reach on the problem owing to their computational nature. They do not any have basic flaws unlike alternate methods like leakage detection using acoustic sensors which cannot differentiate between spikes in flow and leakage. They are a flexible and efficient approach to detection of leakages in water distribution networks. According to an inquiry made by the International Water Supply Association (IWSA), the amount of lost or “unaccounted for water” (UFW) is typically in the range of 20–30% of production[3]. In this project, a neural network model is proposed for detection and location of leakages in the pipes based on pressure values from sensors deployed along the pipeline. The network is initially trained using these pressure values and can then be used to detect abnormalities in the readings which can be due to leakages. The open source tool used to develop this model is Neuroph Studio. Neuroph is a neural network framework written in Java. It can be used to create and train neural networks in Java programs. Neuroph provides Java class library as well as GUI tool to quickly create Java neural network components. The model consisting of a multilayer perceptron neural network identifies simultaneous leakages in multiple regions successfully. When the size of the input dataset increases from a set of 10 values to a set of 1500 values, the mean square error of outputs increases by 128 times. But when this change is from a set of 1500 values to a set of 12000 values, the mean square error increases by 1.6 times. Thus, the total mean square error decreases drastically with the increase in input size, leading to the conclusion that the model is stable and scalable.","PeriodicalId":438361,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Sustainability & Security eJournal","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115487521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The increasing pace of urbanization in emerging market economies poses a challenge for agricultural production in these countries. On the one hand, agricultural productivity is not keeping pace with the speed of urbanization and growth in food demand and, on the other, the demand for food is highly skewed making for an inordinate amount of food going for non-human consumption and wastage. This paper reviews the trends in urbanization in as well as in in agricultural productivity and comes to the conclusion that some parts of the world may well be facing a neo Malthusian future. Policy measures designed to address this situation are considered. Implications for international trade and domestic agricultural policies are also considered.
{"title":"Increasing Pace of Urbanization and Implications for Food Security and Sustainable Agriculture","authors":"R. Jha","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3488892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3488892","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing pace of urbanization in emerging market economies poses a challenge for agricultural production in these countries. On the one hand, agricultural productivity is not keeping pace with the speed of urbanization and growth in food demand and, on the other, the demand for food is highly skewed making for an inordinate amount of food going for non-human consumption and wastage. This paper reviews the trends in urbanization in as well as in in agricultural productivity and comes to the conclusion that some parts of the world may well be facing a neo Malthusian future. Policy measures designed to address this situation are considered. Implications for international trade and domestic agricultural policies are also considered.","PeriodicalId":438361,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Sustainability & Security eJournal","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127597752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-08-01DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9361.2012.00671.x
J. Thurlow, P. Dorosh, Winston Yu
Climate change assessments often inadequately address uncertainty when estimating damages. Using a dynamic economy-wide model of Bangladesh, we estimate and decompose damages from historical climate variability and future anthropogenic climate change. Our stochastic simulation approach avoids biases caused by non-linear damage functions and fixed occurrences of extreme events in historical data. Using ten climate projections, we find that future anthropogenic climate change damages until 2050 are, on average, one-fifth of those from historical climate variability. Climate change also alters the temporal distribution of damages and slows Bangladeshâ..s long- run shift (adaptation) into dry (winter) season rice production.
{"title":"A Stochastic Simulation Approach to Estimating the Economic Impacts of Climate Change in Bangladesh","authors":"J. Thurlow, P. Dorosh, Winston Yu","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9361.2012.00671.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9361.2012.00671.x","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change assessments often inadequately address uncertainty when estimating damages. Using a dynamic economy-wide model of Bangladesh, we estimate and decompose damages from historical climate variability and future anthropogenic climate change. Our stochastic simulation approach avoids biases caused by non-linear damage functions and fixed occurrences of extreme events in historical data. Using ten climate projections, we find that future anthropogenic climate change damages until 2050 are, on average, one-fifth of those from historical climate variability. Climate change also alters the temporal distribution of damages and slows Bangladeshâ..s long- run shift (adaptation) into dry (winter) season rice production.","PeriodicalId":438361,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Sustainability & Security eJournal","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132695513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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