Pub Date : 2021-02-11DOI: 10.1332/policypress/9781447354550.003.0002
P. Alderson
Chapter 1 reviews: social and biomedical influences through the centuries; positivist health research and then problems with it; interpretive research and some associated problems; differences between positivism and interpretivism; realist evaluation compared and contrasted with critical realism and discourse analysis. The detailed example is an evaluation of a community-based integrated care service. The chapter ends with questioning the present unhealthy state of social health research, which undermines the hope that sociology can be generally respected, convincing and useful in helping to resolve serious global problems of health and illness. This prepares for future chapters that show how critical realism draws on the strengths and overcomes the limitations of these paradigms by combining them into larger analysis.
{"title":"Rethinking theories: the basis of practical research and problems with paradigms","authors":"P. Alderson","doi":"10.1332/policypress/9781447354550.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447354550.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 1 reviews: social and biomedical influences through the centuries; positivist health research and then problems with it; interpretive research and some associated problems; differences between positivism and interpretivism; realist evaluation compared and contrasted with critical realism and discourse analysis. The detailed example is an evaluation of a community-based integrated care service. The chapter ends with questioning the present unhealthy state of social health research, which undermines the hope that sociology can be generally respected, convincing and useful in helping to resolve serious global problems of health and illness. This prepares for future chapters that show how critical realism draws on the strengths and overcomes the limitations of these paradigms by combining them into larger analysis.","PeriodicalId":438507,"journal":{"name":"Critical Realism for Health and Illness Research","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115918507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Health and illness research:","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv1fcf8g0.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1fcf8g0.10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":438507,"journal":{"name":"Critical Realism for Health and Illness Research","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129325817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-11DOI: 10.1332/policypress/9781447354550.003.0005
P. Alderson
This chapter asks whether health research can and should be value-free. It questions whether facts can be separated from values, and then considers: health-related rights; dignity in healthcare; truth, trust and consent; values and ethics in health research. The chapter also looks at: what critical realism can add on important ethical concerns that are missing or under-examined in other paradigms; health research paradigms and ethics; ethical naturalism and moral realism; learning from other major theorists: advocacy on many levels and, finally, the chapter compares the approaches to values in realist evaluation and in critical realism. In the detailed example, Graham Scambler combines critical realism with Habermas’s theories.
{"title":"Health and illness research: value-free or value-laden?","authors":"P. Alderson","doi":"10.1332/policypress/9781447354550.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447354550.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter asks whether health research can and should be value-free. It questions whether facts can be separated from values, and then considers: health-related rights; dignity in healthcare; truth, trust and consent; values and ethics in health research. The chapter also looks at: what critical realism can add on important ethical concerns that are missing or under-examined in other paradigms; health research paradigms and ethics; ethical naturalism and moral realism; learning from other major theorists: advocacy on many levels and, finally, the chapter compares the approaches to values in realist evaluation and in critical realism. In the detailed example, Graham Scambler combines critical realism with Habermas’s theories.","PeriodicalId":438507,"journal":{"name":"Critical Realism for Health and Illness Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129532995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Back Matter","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv1fcf8g0.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1fcf8g0.19","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":438507,"journal":{"name":"Critical Realism for Health and Illness Research","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131630463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-11DOI: 10.1332/policypress/9781447354550.003.0006
P. Alderson
Adverse mortality and morbidity effects of the huge oil spills in Bayelsa State, Niger Delta, illustrate the value of critical realism’s four planes of social being for organising complex findings and for combining large- and small-scale data sets. These planes cover every aspect of being human: bodies in relation to nature; interpersonal relations; larger social relations and structures; and inner human being in the mental-social-embodied personality. Chapter 5 also considers critical realist approaches to managing data-analysis: laminated systems analysis; interdisciplinary research and policy-making; critical realist theories about interdisciplinarity; overcoming barriers to interdisciplinarity, and interdisciplinary commitments. The detailed examples are about improving the physical health of people with a diagnosis of serious mental illness, and feminist-informed counselling after sexual assault.
{"title":"Four planes of social being: more connections","authors":"P. Alderson","doi":"10.1332/policypress/9781447354550.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447354550.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"Adverse mortality and morbidity effects of the huge oil spills in Bayelsa State, Niger Delta, illustrate the value of critical realism’s four planes of social being for organising complex findings and for combining large- and small-scale data sets. These planes cover every aspect of being human: bodies in relation to nature; interpersonal relations; larger social relations and structures; and inner human being in the mental-social-embodied personality. Chapter 5 also considers critical realist approaches to managing data-analysis: laminated systems analysis; interdisciplinary research and policy-making; critical realist theories about interdisciplinarity; overcoming barriers to interdisciplinarity, and interdisciplinary commitments. \u0000The detailed examples are about improving the physical health of people with a diagnosis of serious mental illness, and feminist-informed counselling after sexual assault.","PeriodicalId":438507,"journal":{"name":"Critical Realism for Health and Illness Research","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121190327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chapter 6 on the four stages of dialectical transformative change involves concepts of: absence as well as presence; difference versus actual transformative change; emergence of higher order things from lower order ones; immanent critique. With the four stages, the acronym MELD stands for first Moment, second Edge, third Level and fourth Dimension. The stages are considered in their benign/effective, malign/ineffective and mini versions. It is vital to start research with 1M’s intense in-depth study before intervening at 2E, then at 3L looking at the larger scene, and at 4D working on personal change. There is an overview of research from past to future, local to global. The detailed example applies MELD to research on improving care for children with allergies.
{"title":"Researching transformative change over time","authors":"P. Alderson","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv1fcf8g0.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1fcf8g0.12","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 6 on the four stages of dialectical transformative change involves concepts of: absence as well as presence; difference versus actual transformative change; emergence of higher order things from lower order ones; immanent critique. With the four stages, the acronym MELD stands for first Moment, second Edge, third Level and fourth Dimension. The stages are considered in their benign/effective, malign/ineffective and mini versions. It is vital to start research with 1M’s intense in-depth study before intervening at 2E, then at 3L looking at the larger scene, and at 4D working on personal change. There is an overview of research from past to future, local to global. The detailed example applies MELD to research on improving care for children with allergies.","PeriodicalId":438507,"journal":{"name":"Critical Realism for Health and Illness Research","volume":"212 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122697447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-11DOI: 10.1332/policypress/9781447354550.003.0008
P. Alderson
The final chapter begins with epidemics in Africa and Asia, then considers challenges to health and illness research, and ways forward. Disconnections in theory, policy and practice are contrasted with the connections that need to be made in theory and practice if pandemics, climate change and other global threats to health are to be contained. Contradictory social science theories all need to be connected and combined, like medical science, into a larger coherent critical realist framework that goes beyond describing and measuring. The detailed example is about contested understandings of mental distress within neoliberal reform of community mental health services. Eight commitments for useful health research are followed by methods for Utopian research about future change.
{"title":"The point is to change it: connecting research to policy and practice","authors":"P. Alderson","doi":"10.1332/policypress/9781447354550.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447354550.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"The final chapter begins with epidemics in Africa and Asia, then considers challenges to health and illness research, and ways forward. Disconnections in theory, policy and practice are contrasted with the connections that need to be made in theory and practice if pandemics, climate change and other global threats to health are to be contained. Contradictory social science theories all need to be connected and combined, like medical science, into a larger coherent critical realist framework that goes beyond describing and measuring.\u0000The detailed example is about contested understandings of mental distress within neoliberal reform of community mental health services. Eight commitments for useful health research are followed by methods for Utopian research about future change.","PeriodicalId":438507,"journal":{"name":"Critical Realism for Health and Illness Research","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123535543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"List of figures and tables","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv1fcf8g0.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1fcf8g0.3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":438507,"journal":{"name":"Critical Realism for Health and Illness Research","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124585757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rethinking theories:","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv1fcf8g0.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1fcf8g0.7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":438507,"journal":{"name":"Critical Realism for Health and Illness Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122618657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ABCD – Articles, books, commentary and dictionary-glossary","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv1fcf8g0.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1fcf8g0.14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":438507,"journal":{"name":"Critical Realism for Health and Illness Research","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114527912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：