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CLASSICAL NOMADOLOGIES
4区 历史学 0 CLASSICS Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/rmu.2020.3
K. Khellaf
However, precisely because Plato did not yet have at his disposition the constituted categories of representation (these appeared with Aristotle), he had to base his decision on a theory of Ideas. What appears then, in its purest state, before the logic of representation could be deployed, is a moral vision of the world. It is in the first instance for these moral reasons that simulacra must be exorcized and difference thereby subordinated to the same and the similar. For this reason, however, because Plato makes the decision, and because with him the victory is not assured as it will be in the established world of representation, the rumbling of the enemy can still be heard. Insinuated throughout the Platonic cosmos, difference resists its yoke. Heraclitus and the Sophists make an infernal racket. It is as though there were a strange double which dogs Socrates’ footsteps and haunts even Plato's style, inserting itself into the repetitions and variations of that style.
然而,正是因为柏拉图还没有掌握表象的既定范畴(这些范畴是在亚里士多德那里出现的),所以他必须根据理念论来作出决定。那么,在其最纯粹的状态下,在再现的逻辑得以部署之前,出现的是对世界的道德看法。首先,由于这些道德上的原因,拟像必须被驱除,从而使差异服从于相同和相似。然而,因为这个原因,因为柏拉图做出了决定,因为他的胜利并不像在既定的表象世界中那样有把握,敌人的隆隆声仍然可以听到。在柏拉图式的宇宙中,差异抵抗着它的束缚。赫拉克利特和诡辩家们吵吵嚷嚷。仿佛有一种奇怪的双重人物,尾随苏格拉底的脚步,甚至缠住柏拉图的风格,把自己插进那种风格的重复和变化之中。
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引用次数: 1
BEYOND THE HUMAN CONDITION: DURATION AND VIRTUALITY IN HERACLITUS 超越人类状态:赫拉克利特的持续与虚拟
4区 历史学 0 CLASSICS Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/rmu.2020.4
Richard Ellis
Gilles Deleuze's engagement with Heraclitus is long-standing, going back to his early work on Nietzsche, and persisting through the collaborative volumes produced with Félix Guattari in which Heraclitus becomes a key exemplar of their own philosophical method, whereby thought and nature are said to fold into one another in creative configurations. For Deleuze, as before him for Nietzsche, Heraclitus’ conception of universal becoming and of the constitutive flows across codes—be they ontological, epistemological, political, or ethical—demands a radical re-evaluation of the place of the human in time, and of the boundaries of subjectivity. Elsewhere, Deleuze states that the very meaning of philosophy is ‘to go beyond the human condition’ by opening us up to the other durations—inhuman and superhuman—with which, and by which, we are disclosed. A further key interlocutor here is Henri Bergson, whose work on time as duration, with psychological and ontological import, is central to the development of many of Deleuze's philosophical positions, including those subsequently nuanced by his work with Félix Guattari. Before attempting to map the plane of affiliations upon which these thinkers move, it is necessary to begin from Heraclitus’ own words on philosophical method and the opposition he draws between the correct, though elusive, practice of νόος (‘thought’, ‘understanding’) and the inadequate model of πολυμαθίη (‘much learning’) adopted by his intellectual predecessors.
吉尔·德勒兹与赫拉克利特的合作由来已久,可以追溯到他早期对尼采的研究,并一直延续到他与faclix Guattari的合作,在其中赫拉克利特成为了他们自己的哲学方法的关键典范,思想和自然被认为是在创造性的配置中相互融合的。对德勒兹来说,就像在他之前对尼采一样,赫拉克利特关于普遍形成和跨越代码的构成流的概念——无论是本体论的、认识论的、政治的还是伦理的——要求对人类在时间中的位置和主体性的边界进行彻底的重新评估。在其他地方,德勒兹指出,哲学的真正意义是“超越人类的条件”,通过向我们开放其他的持续时间——非人的和超人的——我们被揭示出来。另一位重要的对话者是亨利·柏格森,他关于时间作为持续时间的研究,具有心理学和本体论的重要性,对德拉兹的许多哲学立场的发展至关重要,包括后来他与f利克斯·瓜塔里的研究中细微差别的那些观点。在试图描绘出这些思想家所处的关系之前,有必要从赫拉克利特自己关于哲学方法的话语开始,以及他在ν ο ος(“思想”、“理解”)的正确(虽然难以捉摸)实践与他的知识前辈所采用的πολ ο μαθ (“多学问”)的不充分模型之间所画出的对立。
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引用次数: 0
ONE OR MANY MILITES? MILITARY MULTIPLICITY IN LATIN EPIC 一英里还是多英里?拉丁史诗中的军事多样性
4区 历史学 0 CLASSICS Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/rmu.2020.7
Hannah-Marie Chidwick
Since Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari emerged into the realm of Continental philosophy in the late twentieth century, the pair have sustained a prominent and influential presence in the fields of cultural studies, politics and sociology, also literary, artistic and cinematic scholarship, spurred on by the appropriation of the arts in Deleuze and Guattari's own work. The contributions to this special edition bring to light how the rubble-strewn textual field of Classical antiquity also ineludibly invites a methodological framework informed by Deleuze and Guattari's philosophy. By its contemporary nature, the Classical ‘canon’ is a warzone of competing translations, fragments and fragmentary orders, de- and re-constructions, bearing a torrid resemblance to the flattened and interconnected plane of existence described in Deleuze and Guattari's work. The pair draw from multiple avenues of academic exploration and encourage the seed-like spread of their multifarious ideas. This article makes a case for employing one concept in particular as a practice for reading Classical texts: ‘multiplicity’.
自从吉尔·德勒兹(Gilles Deleuze)和f利克斯·瓜塔里(f lix Guattari)在20世纪后期进入欧陆哲学领域以来,这对夫妇在文化研究、政治和社会学领域,以及文学、艺术和电影学术领域一直保持着杰出和有影响力的存在,这是受到德勒兹和瓜塔里自己作品中艺术的盗用的推动。这个特别版的贡献揭示了古典古代的废墟文本领域也不可避免地邀请了德勒兹和瓜塔里哲学的方法论框架。就其当代性质而言,古典“正典”是一个相互竞争的翻译、碎片和碎片秩序、去解构和重建的战区,与德勒兹和瓜塔里的作品中所描述的扁平而相互联系的存在平面有着惊人的相似之处。这对夫妇从多种学术探索途径中汲取灵感,并鼓励他们各种各样的想法像种子一样传播。这篇文章提出了一个案例,特别采用一个概念作为阅读古典文本的实践:“多样性”。
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引用次数: 0
BECOMING DOMESTIC IN HESIOD'S WORKS AND DAYS 在赫西奥德的作品和生活中变得本土化
4区 历史学 0 CLASSICS Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/rmu.2020.6
Ben Radcliffe
The work of Gilles Deleuze is populated by literary and artistic figures who become stuck, confined, and exhausted: he has written about the characters of Samuel Beckett, for instance, who are incapacitated by a compulsion to count and sort; Sacher-Masoch's protagonists, who share their author's eponymous desire to defer endlessly the sexual act; and the notorious figures in the paintings of Francis Bacon, determined but unable to escape the confines of their own bodies. What accounts for Deleuze's interest in scenes of stasis and immobility? These figures, and others like them, seem to appeal to Deleuze precisely because their corporeal limitations coincide with intense and inscrutable affects, as if Spinoza's maxim, ‘we do not even know what the body can do’, is true especially when the body's capacities appear most restricted. This is an aspect of Deleuze's thought that complicates his reputation as a philosopher of limitless becoming, movement, and synthesis.
吉尔·德勒兹(Gilles Deleuze)的作品中充斥着陷入困境、受到限制、疲惫不堪的文学和艺术人物:例如,他写过塞缪尔·贝克特(Samuel Beckett)中的人物,他们因强迫计数和分类而丧失了能力;萨切尔-马索克笔下的主角们,他们和作者一样渴望无休止地推迟性行为;还有弗朗西斯·培根画中的臭名昭著的人物,他们决心摆脱自己身体的束缚,却无法逃脱。是什么解释了德勒兹对静止和不动场景的兴趣?这些形象,以及其他类似的形象,似乎对德勒兹很有吸引力,正是因为它们的身体局限性与强烈而不可思议的情感相吻合,就好像斯宾诺莎的格言“我们甚至不知道身体能做什么”是正确的,特别是当身体的能力受到限制时。这是德勒兹思想的一个方面,使他作为一个无限生成、运动和综合的哲学家的声誉复杂化。
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引用次数: 0
ANIMAL REVOLT AND LINES OF FLIGHT IN LUCRETIUS, BOOK FIVE 卢克莱修的动物反抗和逃跑路线,第五卷
4区 历史学 0 CLASSICS Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/rmu.2020.8
R. Hutchins
Lucretius is the first classical author to have written a history of animal resistance. In a fifty-line passage from Book Five of De rerum natura, the ‘animal revolt’ (5.1297–349), Lucretius describes the rise of empire and its instrumentalization of animals for war. When the animals are led onto the battlefield, however, they swerve against their ‘armed teachers and savage masters’ (1311). The linear rise of empire, built on the abuse of animals’ bodies, is deterritorialized by those same animal bodies in a chaotic scene that takes place on what Monica Gale has called a ‘cosmic battlefield’. This paper follows Lucretius’ account in Book Five of De rerum natura of the linear rise of empire, its increasing capture of animal life, and the rupture of empire's linear trajectory by a clinamen, or ‘swerve’, of rebel animals. I compare Lucretius’ account of the rise of empire to what Deleuze and Guattari call a ‘molar line’, and the swerve of rebel animals to Deleuze and Guattari's notion of the ‘line of flight’.
卢克莱修是第一个写动物抵抗史的古典作家。卢克莱修在《论自然》(De rerum natura, 1297 - 349)第五卷中的一段50行文字中描述了帝国的崛起及其将动物作为战争工具的过程。然而,当这些动物被带到战场上时,它们会转向对抗“武装的老师和野蛮的主人”(1311年)。帝国的线性崛起,建立在虐待动物身体的基础上,在莫妮卡·盖尔所谓的“宇宙战场”上发生的混乱场景中,同样的动物身体被去领土化了。本文遵循卢克莱修在《论自然》第五卷中对帝国线性崛起的描述,它对动物生活的日益捕获,以及帝国线性轨迹的断裂,由于反叛动物的“转向”。我将卢克莱修对帝国崛起的描述与德勒兹和瓜塔里所说的“摩尔线”进行了比较,将反叛动物的转向与德勒兹和瓜塔里所说的“逃跑线”进行了比较。
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引用次数: 0
GILLES DELEUZE AND BERNARDO BERTOLUCCI ON PLATO'S CAVE
4区 历史学 0 CLASSICS Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/rmu.2020.5
Z. Giannopoulou
The allegory of the Cave in Republic 514a–18d is one of the most memorable Platonic images. The depiction of chained humans in a cavernous dwelling looking at shadows of objects cast on a parapet in front of them but unable to locate the objects themselves until one of them is freed, turns around to see the objects, and finally leaves the cave has haunted and inspired readers throughout the centuries. The prisoners are said to be ‘like us’ (515a), which is taken to refer either to human life in general or to human life in corrupt political environments. Plato's core metaphysical and epistemological doctrines are thought to inhere in the Cave, his belief that the sensible world, represented by the cave, holds people captive to defective and erroneous appearances, and that only philosophy can free and enlighten them, leading them out of the cave to the intelligible realm of the eternal Forms. The cave then houses captives since childhood who believe that shadows of artifacts exhaust reality, and captors who project images of artifacts on the wall and thereby manipulate what the captives see and hear.
《理想国》514a-18d中洞穴的寓言是最令人难忘的柏拉图式意象之一。几个世纪以来,被锁在洞穴里的人类看着投射在他们面前的护墙上的物体的影子,却无法找到物体本身,直到其中一个被释放,转身看到物体,最后离开洞穴,这一描述一直困扰着并激励着读者。囚犯被称为“像我们一样”(515a),这被认为是指一般的人类生活或腐败政治环境中的人类生活。柏拉图的核心形而上学和认识论学说被认为是固有的洞穴,他相信,以洞穴为代表的感性世界,把人们囚禁在有缺陷和错误的表象中,只有哲学才能解放和启蒙他们,带领他们走出洞穴,进入永恒形式的可理解领域。洞穴里住着从小就相信人工制品的影子会使现实消失的俘虏,以及将人工制品的图像投射到墙上从而操纵俘虏所看到和听到的东西的俘虏。
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引用次数: 0
RMU volume 49 issue 1-2 Cover and Back matter RMU第49卷第1-2期封面和封底
4区 历史学 0 CLASSICS Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/rmu.2020.16
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引用次数: 0
BACK ON CIRCE'S ISLAND 回到喀耳刻的岛上
4区 历史学 0 CLASSICS Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/rmu.2020.12
M. Van Veldhuizen
The reception of Circe's island in and through Classical Antiquity has largely focused on the enigmatic sorceress herself. The long literary chain of interpretive topoi—Circe the witch, the whore, the temptress—stretches from Apollonius, Virgil, Ovid, and Dio Chrysostom to Spenser, Calderón, Joyce, Margaret Atwood, and Madeline Miller. Her role as Odysseus’ benefactor, so unmistakable in Homer, is soon forgotten; to Virgil, she is above all dea saeva, (‘the savage goddess’, Aen. 7.19). One distinguishing feature of Circe and her reception is the focus on representation: the enchantment of Circe, as Greta Hawes puts it, is above all a study in allegory. From the moment Circe put a spell on Odysseus’ companions, transforming them into animals in Book 10 of the Odyssey, Circe has invited analogical reasoning, centered on what the transformation from one being into another represents. More often than not, this transformation is interpreted according to a dualist thinking about humans and animals: subjects are transformed from one being into another being, thus representing some moral or physical degradation. This article, by contrast, concentrates on Circe's island through the lens of becoming-animal, the concept developed by Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari in the tenth plateau of A Thousand Plateaus, ‘1730: Becoming-Intense, Becoming-Animal, Becoming-Imperceptible…’. I explicate the concept of becoming-animal by applying it to a Deleuzian encounter with Circe's island, both in its ancient articulations and in its various receptions, including H.G. Wells's science fiction novel The Island of Dr. Moreau.
在古典时代,人们对喀耳刻岛的接待主要集中在这位神秘的女巫本人身上。从阿波罗尼乌斯、维吉尔、奥维德、迪奥·金口斯托姆到斯宾塞、Calderón、乔伊斯、玛格丽特·阿特伍德和玛德琳·米勒,这条解读主题的文学长链绵延不绝。她作为奥德修斯的恩人的角色,在荷马史诗中是如此明确无误,但很快就被遗忘了;对维吉尔来说,她首先是“野蛮女神”(《创世纪》7:19)。《喀耳刻》和《她的接受》的一个显著特征是对再现的关注:正如格里塔·霍斯所说,《喀耳刻》的魅力首先是对寓言的研究。在《奥德赛》第10卷中,从喀耳刻对奥德修斯的同伴施咒,把他们变成动物的那一刻起,喀耳刻就开始了类比推理,集中在从一个人变成另一个人所代表的意义上。通常情况下,这种转变是根据对人类和动物的二元论思维来解释的:主体从一种存在转变为另一种存在,因此代表了某种道德或身体上的退化。相比之下,这篇文章通过变成动物的视角来关注喀耳喀斯岛,这个概念是由吉尔·德勒兹和f lix Guattari在《千高原》的第十高原中提出的,“1730:变得激烈,变成动物,变得难以察觉……”我将变成动物的概念运用到德勒兹式的与喀耳刻岛的相遇中,无论是在古老的表达方式上,还是在各种各样的接受方式上,包括h·g·威尔斯的科幻小说《莫罗博士岛》,以此来解释这个概念。
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引用次数: 2
RMU volume 49 issue 1-2 Cover and Front matter RMU第49卷第1-2期封面和封面
4区 历史学 0 CLASSICS Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/rmu.2020.15
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引用次数: 0
EURIPIDEAN ASSEMBLAGES EURIPIDEAN组合
4区 历史学 0 CLASSICS Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/rmu.2020.10
N. Worman
In the final scene of Quentin Tarantino's The Hateful Eight (2015), Daisy Domergue, the sole female character among the titled eight, hangs suspended from the ceiling of the cabin in which they all have fought an operatically violent battle to the death. From her cuffed hand a chain dangles, at the other end of which is another cuffed hand, minus the rest of the body to which it had belonged. Its owner was her bounty hunter, who spent most of his time onscreen physically abusing her, including struggling with her over the control of weapons (e.g., machete and gun). We meet her with a black eye, to which are soon added a broken nose and teeth and a face repeatedly doused in her own blood and that of others. Two equally bloody antagonists string her up, pitting their injuries against her near-dead weight, so that for a time her body is triangulated by her attachment to them as well as to the remaining bit of the bounty hunter.
在昆汀·塔伦蒂诺(Quentin Tarantino)的电影《八恶人》(the Hateful Eight, 2015)的最后一幕中,八人组中唯一的女性角色黛西·多默格(Daisy Domergue)被吊在船舱的天花板上,她们在船舱里进行了一场戏剧性的暴力殊死搏斗。她那只被铐着的手上挂着一条链子,链子的另一端是另一只被铐着的手,减去了它原来所属的身体的其余部分。它的主人是她的赏金猎人,他在屏幕上花了大部分时间对她进行身体虐待,包括与她争夺武器的控制权(例如砍刀和枪)。我们见到她的时候,她的眼睛被打黑了,很快又被打断了鼻子和牙齿,她的脸被反复地浸在自己和别人的血里。两个同样血腥的对手把她吊起来,用他们的伤口来对抗她近乎死亡的体重,所以有一段时间,她的身体被她对他们的依恋以及对赏金猎人的剩余部分的依恋所三角化。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
RAMUS-CRITICAL STUDIES IN GREEK AND ROMAN LITERATURE
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