{"title":"Philosophical Discourse on Image and Text (A Historical Analysis of Image and Text Relationship)","authors":"A. J. A. Susanti","doi":"10.18267/j.e-logos.497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18267/j.e-logos.497","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":439437,"journal":{"name":"E-LOGOS","volume":"5 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132643619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fundamental Uncertainty in Model Predictions: Analysis of Modern Macroeconomic Models from the Perspective of Friedman's Instrumentalism","authors":"Jáchym Novotný","doi":"10.18267/j.e-logos.498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18267/j.e-logos.498","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":439437,"journal":{"name":"E-LOGOS","volume":"178 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128164067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Role of Federal Government in the United States War Economy during World War II","authors":"Zdeňka Johnson","doi":"10.18267/j.e-logos.493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18267/j.e-logos.493","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":439437,"journal":{"name":"E-LOGOS","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131957256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Private militaries: Mercenaries, or fighters of a just war?","authors":"Tom Křížek","doi":"10.18267/j.e-logos.492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18267/j.e-logos.492","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":439437,"journal":{"name":"E-LOGOS","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133215846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Why is there still a war? On the latent meaning of war aggression","authors":"Hynek Tippelt","doi":"10.18267/j.e-logos.495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18267/j.e-logos.495","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":439437,"journal":{"name":"E-LOGOS","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132101338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: This report starts with a Question: Is Russian army modern? and offers the answer based on the analysis of three topics related to the environment of Russia-Ukraine war of 2022. The first topic covers conventional forces: we focus on defining strengths and weaknesses of Russian Air Force, Navy and Ground Forces. In order to paint a picture of Russian capabilities, we designated two opposite poles as opponents: American and Ukrainian army. The second topic covers IT sector, where we dive into the use of information technology and artificial intelligence in a war conflict. The third topic focuses on the economic side of war, in which we analyse financing of the Russian army and its sources, trade within the military sector
{"title":"Analysis of Technological and Economical Aspects of the On-Going Russian-Ukrainian Hybrid War: The Question of Modernity of Russian Army","authors":"A. Tokárciková","doi":"10.18267/j.e-logos.494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18267/j.e-logos.494","url":null,"abstract":": This report starts with a Question: Is Russian army modern? and offers the answer based on the analysis of three topics related to the environment of Russia-Ukraine war of 2022. The first topic covers conventional forces: we focus on defining strengths and weaknesses of Russian Air Force, Navy and Ground Forces. In order to paint a picture of Russian capabilities, we designated two opposite poles as opponents: American and Ukrainian army. The second topic covers IT sector, where we dive into the use of information technology and artificial intelligence in a war conflict. The third topic focuses on the economic side of war, in which we analyse financing of the Russian army and its sources, trade within the military sector","PeriodicalId":439437,"journal":{"name":"E-LOGOS","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133783923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: This paper has the following goals: 1) to prove that the contract of usury suffers from a self-contradiction, both from the viewpoint of the lender and the borrower; 2) to demonstrate the self-contradictory nature of the contract of usury by means of the Fisher model of the inter-temporal choice; 3) to prove that both the lender and the borrower pronounce the consent to the basic contract involuntarily because the former as well as the latter is acting under the indirect coercion; 4) to respond to Paretian objection that the Pareto improvement implies the mutual voluntariness, which is why there is no justification for the state to not enforce the contracts of usury. The author contends that from a subjective viewpoint, the contract of usury is a complex of two contracts which contradict each other: the basic contract and the super-contract. From the lender’s perspective, the basic contract is a loan and the super-contract is a sale of the loan. Since the lender negates his will to give a loan by the sale of the loan, the lender’s consent to the contract of usury as whole is self-contradictory. From the borrower’s perspective, the basic contract is a gift to the lender and the super-contract is a sale of this gift for a loan. Since the borrower negates his will to give a gift by the sale of the gift, the borrower’s consent to the contract of usury as a whole is self-contradictory. Next, the author contends that from an objective viewpoint, the contract of usury is an example of a non-equal “exchange”, i. e. a complex of an exchange (loan) and a transfer (usurious interest). Since the borrower does not give the transfer voluntarily, the lender violates the commutative justice by the contract of usury. To the Paretian objection that since both the lender and the borrower move onto a higher indifference curve thanks to the contract of usury, it must be a voluntary exchange, the author responds that the Pareto improvement does not imply the mutual voluntariness. The way how both the lender and the borrower move onto a higher indifference curve is not a voluntary exchange. There is no way to move onto a higher indifference curve in the contract of usury through a voluntary exchange. The contract of usury is neither an exchange, nor voluntary. It is not an exchange because it violates the equality in exchange. It is not voluntary, either, because it suffers from a double self-contradiction and voluntariness cannot be predicated to a self-contradictory (i. e. non-being) act of will. The author concludes that the state cannot and must not enforce the contracts of usury. It cannot because these contracts suffer from a double self-contradiction. It must not, either, because these contracts violate the commutative justice and it is the purpose of the state to protect the justice.
{"title":"Usury and the Paretian Objection","authors":"L. Máslo","doi":"10.18267/j.e-logos.491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18267/j.e-logos.491","url":null,"abstract":": This paper has the following goals: 1) to prove that the contract of usury suffers from a self-contradiction, both from the viewpoint of the lender and the borrower; 2) to demonstrate the self-contradictory nature of the contract of usury by means of the Fisher model of the inter-temporal choice; 3) to prove that both the lender and the borrower pronounce the consent to the basic contract involuntarily because the former as well as the latter is acting under the indirect coercion; 4) to respond to Paretian objection that the Pareto improvement implies the mutual voluntariness, which is why there is no justification for the state to not enforce the contracts of usury. The author contends that from a subjective viewpoint, the contract of usury is a complex of two contracts which contradict each other: the basic contract and the super-contract. From the lender’s perspective, the basic contract is a loan and the super-contract is a sale of the loan. Since the lender negates his will to give a loan by the sale of the loan, the lender’s consent to the contract of usury as whole is self-contradictory. From the borrower’s perspective, the basic contract is a gift to the lender and the super-contract is a sale of this gift for a loan. Since the borrower negates his will to give a gift by the sale of the gift, the borrower’s consent to the contract of usury as a whole is self-contradictory. Next, the author contends that from an objective viewpoint, the contract of usury is an example of a non-equal “exchange”, i. e. a complex of an exchange (loan) and a transfer (usurious interest). Since the borrower does not give the transfer voluntarily, the lender violates the commutative justice by the contract of usury. To the Paretian objection that since both the lender and the borrower move onto a higher indifference curve thanks to the contract of usury, it must be a voluntary exchange, the author responds that the Pareto improvement does not imply the mutual voluntariness. The way how both the lender and the borrower move onto a higher indifference curve is not a voluntary exchange. There is no way to move onto a higher indifference curve in the contract of usury through a voluntary exchange. The contract of usury is neither an exchange, nor voluntary. It is not an exchange because it violates the equality in exchange. It is not voluntary, either, because it suffers from a double self-contradiction and voluntariness cannot be predicated to a self-contradictory (i. e. non-being) act of will. The author concludes that the state cannot and must not enforce the contracts of usury. It cannot because these contracts suffer from a double self-contradiction. It must not, either, because these contracts violate the commutative justice and it is the purpose of the state to protect the justice.","PeriodicalId":439437,"journal":{"name":"E-LOGOS","volume":"156 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124374956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In a recent article, Matej Cíbik claims that some tattoos are immoral because they are imprudent. (Cíbik 2020) In response, I argue that a tattoo can only be immoral if it causes harm to a third party, so that no tattoo is immoral simply because it is reckless. Conflating prudential and moral requirements in the way that Cíbik does would strike at the heart of liberalism, and has deeply counter-intuitive consequences, as we can see when we consider Cíbik's own discussions of suicidal individuals and smokers. After discussing the role of the self/other distinction in liberal moral philosophy, I affirm both the moral neutrality of tattoos and the importance of adopting non-judgemental attitudes towards the choices which a person makes concerning her own body.
{"title":"'tis but a Scratch: on the Moral Neutrality of Tattoos","authors":"Michael Campbell","doi":"10.18267/j.e-logos.489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18267/j.e-logos.489","url":null,"abstract":"In a recent article, Matej Cíbik claims that some tattoos are immoral because they are imprudent. (Cíbik 2020) In response, I argue that a tattoo can only be immoral if it causes harm to a third party, so that no tattoo is immoral simply because it is reckless. Conflating prudential and moral requirements in the way that Cíbik does would strike at the heart of liberalism, and has deeply counter-intuitive consequences, as we can see when we consider Cíbik's own discussions of suicidal individuals and smokers. After discussing the role of the self/other distinction in liberal moral philosophy, I affirm both the moral neutrality of tattoos and the importance of adopting non-judgemental attitudes towards the choices which a person makes concerning her own body.","PeriodicalId":439437,"journal":{"name":"E-LOGOS","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121665554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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