Pub Date : 2010-11-04DOI: 10.1163/2468-1733_shafr_sim060050020
Sam W. Haynes
After the War of 1812 the United States remained a cultural and economic satellite of the world's most powerful empire. Though political independence had been won, John Bull intruded upon virtually every aspect of public life, from politics to economic development to literature to the performing arts. Many Americans resented their subordinate role in the transatlantic equation and, as earnest republicans, felt compelled to sever the ties that still connected the two nations. At the same time, the pull of Britain's centripetal orbit remained strong, so that Americans also harbored an unseemly, almost desperate need for validation from the nation that had given rise to their republic. The tensions inherent in this paradoxical relationship are the focus of "Unfinished Revolution." Conflicted and complex, American attitudes toward Great Britain provided a framework through which citizens of the republic developed a clearer sense of their national identity. Moreover, an examination of the transatlantic relationship from an American perspective suggests that the United States may have had more in common with traditional developing nations than we have generally recognized. Writing from the vantage point of America's unrivaled global dominance, historians have tended to see in the young nation the superpower it would become. Haynes here argues that, for all its vaunted claims of distinctiveness and the soaring rhetoric of "manifest destiny," the young republic exhibited a set of anxieties not uncommon among nation-states that have emerged from long periods of colonial rule.
{"title":"Unfinished Revolution: The Early American Republic in a British World","authors":"Sam W. Haynes","doi":"10.1163/2468-1733_shafr_sim060050020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/2468-1733_shafr_sim060050020","url":null,"abstract":"After the War of 1812 the United States remained a cultural and economic satellite of the world's most powerful empire. Though political independence had been won, John Bull intruded upon virtually every aspect of public life, from politics to economic development to literature to the performing arts. Many Americans resented their subordinate role in the transatlantic equation and, as earnest republicans, felt compelled to sever the ties that still connected the two nations. At the same time, the pull of Britain's centripetal orbit remained strong, so that Americans also harbored an unseemly, almost desperate need for validation from the nation that had given rise to their republic. The tensions inherent in this paradoxical relationship are the focus of \"Unfinished Revolution.\" Conflicted and complex, American attitudes toward Great Britain provided a framework through which citizens of the republic developed a clearer sense of their national identity. Moreover, an examination of the transatlantic relationship from an American perspective suggests that the United States may have had more in common with traditional developing nations than we have generally recognized. Writing from the vantage point of America's unrivaled global dominance, historians have tended to see in the young nation the superpower it would become. Haynes here argues that, for all its vaunted claims of distinctiveness and the soaring rhetoric of \"manifest destiny,\" the young republic exhibited a set of anxieties not uncommon among nation-states that have emerged from long periods of colonial rule.","PeriodicalId":43963,"journal":{"name":"PENNSYLVANIA MAGAZINE OF HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2010-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64630955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Nation of Speechifiers: Making an American Public after the Revolution. By Carolyn Eastman. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2009. xii, 290 pp. $37.50, ISBN 978-0-22618019-9.)","authors":"Catherine O’Donnell","doi":"10.1093/JAHIST/97.2.499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/JAHIST/97.2.499","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43963,"journal":{"name":"PENNSYLVANIA MAGAZINE OF HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY","volume":"97 1","pages":"499-499"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2010-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/JAHIST/97.2.499","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60935500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"PENCAK, Jews and Gentiles in Early America, 1654–1800","authors":"Leonard Dinnerstein","doi":"10.2307/27649573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/27649573","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43963,"journal":{"name":"PENNSYLVANIA MAGAZINE OF HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY","volume":"133 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/27649573","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68440154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-01-01DOI: 10.1163/2468-1733_shafr_sim030060252
C. E. Sears
{"title":"ROBERTS and ROBERTS, Thomas Barclay (1728–1793): Consul in France, Diplomat in Barbary","authors":"C. E. Sears","doi":"10.1163/2468-1733_shafr_sim030060252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/2468-1733_shafr_sim030060252","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43963,"journal":{"name":"PENNSYLVANIA MAGAZINE OF HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY","volume":"133 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64629596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"BENNETT, Union Jacks: Yankee Sailors in the Civil War","authors":"S. Ramold","doi":"10.1086/JAAHV90N4P430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/JAAHV90N4P430","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43963,"journal":{"name":"PENNSYLVANIA MAGAZINE OF HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/JAAHV90N4P430","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61073662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-01-01DOI: 10.1163/2468-1733_shafr_sim020090018
M. McConnell
The end of the Seven Years' War found Britain's professional army in America facing new and unfamiliar responsibilities. In addition to occupying the recently conquered French settlements in Canada, redcoats were ordered into the trans-Appalachian west, into the little-known and much disputed territories that lay between British, French, and Spanish America. There the soldiers found themselves serving as occupiers, police, and diplomats in a vast territory marked by extreme climatic variation-a world decidedly different from Britain or the settled American colonies. Going beyond the war experience, Army and Empire examines the lives and experiences of British soldiers in the complex, evolving cultural frontiers of the West in British America. From the first appearance of the redcoats in the West until the outbreak of the American Revolution, Michael N. McConnell explores all aspects of peacetime service, including the soldiers' diet and health, mental well-being, social life, transportation, clothing, and the built environments within which they lived and worked. McConnell looks at the army on the frontier for what it was: a collection of small communities of men, women, and children faced with the challenges of surviving on the far western edge of empire.
{"title":"Army and Empire: British Soldiers on the American Frontier, 1758-1775","authors":"M. McConnell","doi":"10.1163/2468-1733_shafr_sim020090018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/2468-1733_shafr_sim020090018","url":null,"abstract":"The end of the Seven Years' War found Britain's professional army in America facing new and unfamiliar responsibilities. In addition to occupying the recently conquered French settlements in Canada, redcoats were ordered into the trans-Appalachian west, into the little-known and much disputed territories that lay between British, French, and Spanish America. There the soldiers found themselves serving as occupiers, police, and diplomats in a vast territory marked by extreme climatic variation-a world decidedly different from Britain or the settled American colonies. Going beyond the war experience, Army and Empire examines the lives and experiences of British soldiers in the complex, evolving cultural frontiers of the West in British America. From the first appearance of the redcoats in the West until the outbreak of the American Revolution, Michael N. McConnell explores all aspects of peacetime service, including the soldiers' diet and health, mental well-being, social life, transportation, clothing, and the built environments within which they lived and worked. McConnell looks at the army on the frontier for what it was: a collection of small communities of men, women, and children faced with the challenges of surviving on the far western edge of empire.","PeriodicalId":43963,"journal":{"name":"PENNSYLVANIA MAGAZINE OF HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64629230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-01-01DOI: 10.1163/2468-1733_shafr_sim030060280
M. F. Conlin
Pierre-A uguste Adet: Revolutionary Chemistry and Diplomacy in the Early Republic THE LAST TWO DECADES of the eighteenth century were a period of revolutionary change when new ideas crisscrossed the Atlantic Ocean, overturning orthodoxies in politics and in science. As Joseph Priestley, an English radical and chemist residing in America, remarked, it was an "age of revolutions, philosophical as well as civil."' One person at the center of this maelstrom of ideas was Citizen Pierre-Auguste Adet, a diplomat and chemist who was sent by the French Republic to the United States in 1795 as minister plenipotentiary. As a revolutionary diplomat, Adet attempted to restore the Franco-American alliance with the help of American Republicans, by leaking the contents of the Jay Treaty, by recruiting foreign revolutionaries for the French army, and by intriguing in the presidential election of 1796. As a revolutionary chemist, Adet communicated American advances in chemistry to his compatriots in France, supported the researches of French scientists in the United States, and defended the Chemical Revolution of Antoine Laurent Lavoisier from the
{"title":"The American Mission of Citizen Pierre-Auguste Adet: Revolutionary Chemistry and Diplomacy in the Early Republic","authors":"M. F. Conlin","doi":"10.1163/2468-1733_shafr_sim030060280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/2468-1733_shafr_sim030060280","url":null,"abstract":"Pierre-A uguste Adet: Revolutionary Chemistry and Diplomacy in the Early Republic THE LAST TWO DECADES of the eighteenth century were a period of revolutionary change when new ideas crisscrossed the Atlantic Ocean, overturning orthodoxies in politics and in science. As Joseph Priestley, an English radical and chemist residing in America, remarked, it was an \"age of revolutions, philosophical as well as civil.\"' One person at the center of this maelstrom of ideas was Citizen Pierre-Auguste Adet, a diplomat and chemist who was sent by the French Republic to the United States in 1795 as minister plenipotentiary. As a revolutionary diplomat, Adet attempted to restore the Franco-American alliance with the help of American Republicans, by leaking the contents of the Jay Treaty, by recruiting foreign revolutionaries for the French army, and by intriguing in the presidential election of 1796. As a revolutionary chemist, Adet communicated American advances in chemistry to his compatriots in France, supported the researches of French scientists in the United States, and defended the Chemical Revolution of Antoine Laurent Lavoisier from the","PeriodicalId":43963,"journal":{"name":"PENNSYLVANIA MAGAZINE OF HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY","volume":"124 1","pages":"489-520"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64629608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-01-01DOI: 10.1163/2468-1733_shafr_sim020090037
M. Ward
WARFARE WAS CENTRAL TO COLONIAL AMERICA, witnessed by each generation from the founding of Jamestown. In the past ten years historians have closely examined the social composition of the colonial armies that fought those conflicts, in particular the Seven Years' War. Once viewed as the repository of the "low-lifes" of colonial society, recent work has suggested that the colonial armies were composed of men who were more representative of their society. The studies of Fred Anderson and Harold Selesky of the New England forces reveal armies formed predominantly of the young sons of farmers awaiting their inheritance and independence. The composition of the Virginia forces has been more controversial, in part because it is impossible to determine the composition of Virginia society in the mid-eighteenth century. However, John Ferling concludes that most of the men who served in the Virginia Regiment came from what he terms the "respectable" classes, "yeomen" and "tradesmen." The forces of Pennsylvania, however, have escaped scrutiny. The creation of these colonial armies required much experimentation.
{"title":"An Army of Servants: The Pennsylvania Regiment during the Seven Years' War","authors":"M. Ward","doi":"10.1163/2468-1733_shafr_sim020090037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/2468-1733_shafr_sim020090037","url":null,"abstract":"WARFARE WAS CENTRAL TO COLONIAL AMERICA, witnessed by each generation from the founding of Jamestown. In the past ten years historians have closely examined the social composition of the colonial armies that fought those conflicts, in particular the Seven Years' War. Once viewed as the repository of the \"low-lifes\" of colonial society, recent work has suggested that the colonial armies were composed of men who were more representative of their society. The studies of Fred Anderson and Harold Selesky of the New England forces reveal armies formed predominantly of the young sons of farmers awaiting their inheritance and independence. The composition of the Virginia forces has been more controversial, in part because it is impossible to determine the composition of Virginia society in the mid-eighteenth century. However, John Ferling concludes that most of the men who served in the Virginia Regiment came from what he terms the \"respectable\" classes, \"yeomen\" and \"tradesmen.\" The forces of Pennsylvania, however, have escaped scrutiny. The creation of these colonial armies required much experimentation.","PeriodicalId":43963,"journal":{"name":"PENNSYLVANIA MAGAZINE OF HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY","volume":"119 1","pages":"75-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64628778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Book Review: The Presbyterian Controversy: Fundamentalists, Modernists, and Moderates, by Bradley J. Longfield","authors":"R. M. Miller","doi":"10.1086/489000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/489000","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43963,"journal":{"name":"PENNSYLVANIA MAGAZINE OF HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY","volume":"116 1","pages":"404-405"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"1992-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60328988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Disorderly Women: Prostitution in Ante-Bellum Philadelphia UNTIL THE MID-NINETEENTH CENTURY, the wards of Philadelphia were a disorderly mixture of the rich, middling and poor; of native and immigrant; of black and white. Amidst the rush of growth and change, there was little room for privacy, no premium on decorum. The city was an urban frontier; people were bound together in neighborhoods where they lived and worked, and as time and money permitted, played. Such boundaries as distinguished between races were evident and deepening. The modern city was to bring with it more rigid rules of behavior and formal standards that set groups off from each other. But this development was neither simple nor smooth. The reshaping of the old city was as much a reshaping of the people who lived in it as it was a recasting of the urban horizon. It was a struggle fought many times over between the old habits of some and the new priorities of others. Prostitutes—or disorderly women as they were frequently called— were familiar figures in the landscape of the disorderly city. They moved freely and openly in parks, on the streets, and in places of amusement. Along with paupers and peddlers, they used public spaces to their own advantage. Like more substantial citizens, they sometimes came before local magistrates to complain of wrongs against them; on other occasions, they might have been brought before the bench as vagrants and thieves. They were "public women," symbols of longstanding sexual disorder, tolerated as necessary nuisances. This essay attempts to re-create in ethnographic style the "disorderly" world in which prostitutes lived and to examine their lives and careers in the context of those of their peers among the laboring
{"title":"Disorderly City, Disorderly Women: Prostitution in Ante-Bellum Philadelphia","authors":"Marcia Carlisle","doi":"10.1515/9783110976366.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110976366.3","url":null,"abstract":"Disorderly Women: Prostitution in Ante-Bellum Philadelphia UNTIL THE MID-NINETEENTH CENTURY, the wards of Philadelphia were a disorderly mixture of the rich, middling and poor; of native and immigrant; of black and white. Amidst the rush of growth and change, there was little room for privacy, no premium on decorum. The city was an urban frontier; people were bound together in neighborhoods where they lived and worked, and as time and money permitted, played. Such boundaries as distinguished between races were evident and deepening. The modern city was to bring with it more rigid rules of behavior and formal standards that set groups off from each other. But this development was neither simple nor smooth. The reshaping of the old city was as much a reshaping of the people who lived in it as it was a recasting of the urban horizon. It was a struggle fought many times over between the old habits of some and the new priorities of others. Prostitutes—or disorderly women as they were frequently called— were familiar figures in the landscape of the disorderly city. They moved freely and openly in parks, on the streets, and in places of amusement. Along with paupers and peddlers, they used public spaces to their own advantage. Like more substantial citizens, they sometimes came before local magistrates to complain of wrongs against them; on other occasions, they might have been brought before the bench as vagrants and thieves. They were \"public women,\" symbols of longstanding sexual disorder, tolerated as necessary nuisances. This essay attempts to re-create in ethnographic style the \"disorderly\" world in which prostitutes lived and to examine their lives and careers in the context of those of their peers among the laboring","PeriodicalId":43963,"journal":{"name":"PENNSYLVANIA MAGAZINE OF HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY","volume":"110 1","pages":"549-568"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67042617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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