Journal of Criminal Psychology最新文献_第2页

Why some homicide investigations go cold: a study exploring the experiences of the investigative review process by UK detectives 为什么有些凶杀案调查会不了了之：英国侦探对调查审查过程的经验探索研究

IF 1 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Criminal Psychology

Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.1108/jcp-05-2024-0038

Kirsty Bennett, Jason Roach

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to explore the review mechanisms’ efficacy from the perspective of cold case reviewers. Live homicide review mechanisms at the 7- and 28-day stage of an inquiry seek to prevent the case becoming cold (or unsolved) by ensuring lines of inquiry have been suitably identified and progressed. There is also a requirement to ensure the investigation was not swayed by faulty decision-making or cognitive biases. However, the use of the review processes in preventing unsolved cases is unclear, and not subject to much academic discussion.

Design/methodology/approach

This exploratory study explores the review functions through the lens of cold case detectives, currently reviewing unsolved cases to identify progression opportunities. The study uses data from a seven-month, non-participatory observation period with a two-force collaborative cold case unit and 13 semi-structured interviews with cold case review officers. The observations and interviews were simultaneously analysed adhering to an inductive approach to Thematic Analysis.

Findings

The results show procedural guides (e.g. the Major Crime Investigation Manual) are important quality assurance mechanisms for review officers, helping ensure the appropriate and necessary lines of inquiry have been pursued. However, they were keen to emphasise the importance of intuition in progressing cases but felt continuously hindered by a lack of resources and large numbers of applicable cases. To the best of the authors’ knowledge this study is the first exploration of cold case detective’s experiences of the live review processes and how they may pose challenges in case progression for cognitive errors and biases. While the study has identified some challenges facing review officers in nine police forces across the UK, wider examination of policies, practices and mechanisms should be explored to develop the current procedural guidance (e.g. NPCC, 2021).

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge this exploratory study is the first exploration of cold case detective’s experiences of the live review processes and how they may pose challenges in case progression for cognitive errors and biases. While the study has identified some challenges facing review officers in nine police forces across the UK, wider examination of policies, practices and mechanisms should be explored to develop the current procedural guidance (e.g. NPCC, 2021).

本研究旨在从悬案审查人员的角度探讨审查机制的功效。在调查的 7 天和 28 天阶段，凶杀案现场审查机制旨在通过确保适当确定和推进调查线索，防止案件成为悬案（或悬案）。此外，还要求确保调查不受错误决策或认知偏见的影响。本探索性研究通过冷案侦探的视角探索审查功能，他们目前正在审查未决案件，以确定进展机会。本研究使用的数据来自对一个由两支部队组成的冷案协作组进行的为期七个月的非参与性观察，以及对冷案审查官员进行的 13 次半结构化访谈。研究结果表明，程序指南（如《重罪调查手册》）是审查官员的重要质量保证机制，有助于确保进行适当和必要的调查。然而，他们热衷于强调直觉在案件进展中的重要性，但始终感到缺乏资源和大量适用案件阻碍了他们的工作。据作者所知，本研究首次探讨了冷案侦探在现场审查过程中的经验，以及这些经验如何在案件进展过程中对认知错误和偏见构成挑战。据作者所知，这项探索性研究首次探讨了冷案侦探在现场审查过程中的经历，以及这些经历如何在案件进展过程中对认知错误和偏见构成挑战。虽然这项研究发现了英国九支警队的审查官员面临的一些挑战，但仍应探索更广泛的政策、实践和机制，以发展当前的程序指南（如 NPCC，2021 年）。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of forensic interviews and interrogations: a thematic analysis of law-enforcement views 对法医面谈和讯问的评价：执法人员观点的专题分析

IF 1 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Criminal Psychology

Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.1108/jcp-02-2024-0015

Laura Farrugia, Gavin Oxburgh, Fiona Gabbert

Purpose

Effective forensic interviewing is crucial, particularly if the interview is the only source of evidence. Whilst there are a number of interview models that advocate for reflective practice, the evaluation of interviews rarely gets the time or attention it deserves. This is concerning, given that interviewer skills drop significantly after six months, and there are limited opportunities for refresher training. This study aims to explore how law enforcement officers reflect upon and evaluate their interviews and seek their insight into what they believe an effective evaluation tool would constitute.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 32 officers from three police forces in England and Wales and six international security organisations completed a qualitative questionnaire that explored their views on how interview evaluation is conducted and the impact on the interview, and how technology could assist in this important stage in terms of usability, efficacy and capability of a new evaluation tool.

Findings

Thematic analysis was used, resulting in three overall themes being identified from the data. These focused on current evaluation methods, barriers to conducting evaluations and technological solutions.

Originality/value

The findings are discussed in relation to interviewing and the development of tools to assist in evaluations. Implications for practice include the need for much more effort to be put into (re)introducing the evaluation stage into training to ensure that officers are allowed to reflect upon and evaluate their interview performance.

目的有效的法医面谈至关重要，尤其是当面谈是唯一的证据来源时。虽然有许多面谈模式提倡反思性实践，但面谈评估很少得到应有的时间或关注。这一点令人担忧，因为访谈者的技能在六个月后会明显下降，而进修培训的机会又很有限。本研究旨在探讨执法人员如何反思和评估他们的访谈，并就他们认为有效的评估工具应包括哪些内容征求他们的意见。来自英格兰和威尔士三支警察部队以及六家国际安全组织的 32 名执法人员填写了一份定性调查问卷，该问卷探讨了他们对如何进行访谈评估及其对访谈的影响的看法，以及技术如何在这一重要阶段从新评估工具的可用性、有效性和能力方面提供帮助。这些主题集中在当前的评估方法、开展评估的障碍和技术解决方案。原创性/价值讨论了与访谈和开发评估辅助工具有关的研究结果。对实践的启示包括：有必要加大力度，在培训中（重新）引入评估阶段，以确保警员能够反思和评估自己的面试表现。

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引用次数: 0

One psychopathic route to an unsuccessful life. Psychopathy and life outcomes in Generation 3 of the Cambridge study in delinquent development 一条通往不成功人生的心理变态之路。剑桥犯罪发展研究》第三代中的变态心理和生活结果

IF 1 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Criminal Psychology

Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.1108/jcp-02-2024-0009

Georgia Zara, Henriette Bergstrøm, David P. Farrington

Purpose

This study aims to examine whether psychopathic traits are associated with “unsuccessful” life outcomes in a community sample. While it is not easy to define what a successful life is, as it varies by context and developmental stage, there is a consensus in psychological research on what constitutes an unsuccessful life, as measured by the revised Unsuccessful Life Scale. This concept of unsuccessful life encompasses areas such as family and health, alcohol and drug use and work and job satisfaction, which, when compromised, are essential components of an unsuccessful 21st-century life.

Design/methodology/approach

The study continues the work carried out in the prospective longitudinal Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development by including the offspring (n = 551 G3 females and males) of the original 411 G2 males.

Findings

A small proportion of G3 individuals (6.5%, n = 36) were having an unsuccessful life, and 23.3% (n = 124) of them were exhibiting a high level of psychopathic traits as measured by the PCL:SV. The results suggest that some psychopathic traits are an integral part of an unsuccessful mix. For instance, for both males and females, drug use and physical fights were significantly associated with psychopathic traits. However, there were some differences, where a wider range of unsuccessful outcomes was associated with psychopathic traits in males (e.g. unsatisfactory accommodation) compared to females (e.g. unsatisfactory intimate relationships).

Originality/value

It seems that the costs of psychopathic traits outweigh the benefits when it comes to success in life. The implications of these findings are discussed.

研究目的：本研究旨在探讨在社区样本中，心理变态特质是否与 "不成功 "的生活结果有关。虽然要定义什么是成功的人生并不容易，因为它因环境和发展阶段而异，但心理学研究已就什么是不成功的人生达成共识，并用修订后的 "不成功人生量表"（Unsuccessful Life Scale）来衡量。不成功人生的概念包括家庭与健康、酗酒与吸毒、工作与工作满意度等方面，这些方面一旦受到损害，就会成为 21 世纪不成功人生的重要组成部分。研究结果一小部分 G3 人（6.5%，n = 36）的生活并不成功，其中 23.3%（n = 124）的人表现出高水平的精神病态特质，以 PCL:SV 进行测量。结果表明，某些心理变态特质是不成功组合中不可或缺的一部分。例如，在男性和女性中，吸毒和肢体冲突都与精神病态特征有明显的关联。然而，两者之间也存在一些差异，男性（如不理想的住宿条件）与女性（如不理想的亲密关系）相比，更多的不成功结果与心理变态特质有关。本文讨论了这些发现的意义。

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引用次数: 0

Getting stuck in a collective stigma: sex offense registrants, liminality liminoid experiences, and identity limbo groups 陷入集体污名：性犯罪注册者、边缘性边缘体验和身份边缘群体

IF 1 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Criminal Psychology

Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.1108/jcp-03-2024-0017

Brooke Cooley Webb, Cassandra Petersen, Lisa L. Sample

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the internalization of group-level identities held by people who are on the sex offense registry and how these influence emotions and the willingness to accept treatment. The types and consequences of identities and stigmas are often examined at the individual level, but most people belong to groups that hold collective identities that can be detected in phrases such as “we, us, our,” etc.

Design/methodology/approach

Longitudinal data from 2008 to 2024 was used to examine registrant’s group identities. Interviews were conducted with 115 registrants and 40 of their family members, and narrative research analysis was used to assess how participants’ levels of liminality influence why some on the registry never come to see themselves as sex criminals.

Findings

Three group-level identities were found that corresponded with varying phases of liminality. The first group had a fixed mindset, no liminality and a strong sense of self. The second group of registrants had liminoid experiences, allowing them to change the way they saw themselves over time. This group had a growth mindset that believed change was attainable. The third group exhibited fixed mindset, as they either always saw themselves as sex criminals and required no transition or came to see themselves as sex offenders post-punishment.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there are no studies that have examined group-level identities among people convicted of sex crimes or what the consequences of group identities have on behavior.

研究目的：本研究旨在考察性犯罪登记人员对群体身份的内化情况，以及这些身份如何影响他们的情绪和接受治疗的意愿。身份和污名的类型及后果通常在个人层面上进行研究，但大多数人都属于持有集体身份的群体，这些集体身份可以从 "我们、我们、我们的 "等短语中发现。对 115 名注册者及其 40 名家庭成员进行了访谈，并使用叙事研究分析来评估参与者的边缘化程度如何影响一些注册者为何从未将自己视为性罪犯。研究结果发现，有三种群体层面的身份与不同的边缘化阶段相对应。第一组有固定的思维模式，没有边缘性，自我意识强烈。第二组注册者有临界体验，使他们能够随着时间的推移改变对自己的看法。这一组人拥有成长型思维模式，相信改变是可以实现的。据作者所知，目前还没有研究对性犯罪者的群体身份或群体身份对行为的影响进行过调查。

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引用次数: 0

Unmasking the dark triad: exploring its relationship with attitudes toward intimate partner violence 揭开黑暗三合会的面纱：探索其与亲密伴侣暴力态度之间的关系

IF 1 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Criminal Psychology

Pub Date : 2024-06-20 DOI: 10.1108/jcp-02-2024-0016

Charlie Waite, Robyn Mooney

Purpose

Although it is a relatively recent conceptualization of malevolent personality, the dark triad (DT) has been widely researched and shown to be responsible for increases in physical violence, controlling behavior, short-term mating preferences and poor relationship quality. This study aims to investigate whether DT traits predict acceptance toward intimate partner violence (IPV) in the general population, addressing a gap in the literature regarding predictors of harmful attitudes toward romantic relationships.

Design/methodology/approach

In total, 150 adults aged 18–74 (76% women) completed two self-report questionnaires: the short DT and the IPV attitude scale-revised.

Findings

A series of hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted, with gender as predictor in the first models and DT traits added as predictors in second models. The results showed that male participants were more accepting of IPV than female participants. Over and above the contribution of gender, psychopathy and Machiavellianism positively predicted overall IPV acceptance, but narcissism did not. Psychopathy and Machiavellianism positively predicted acceptance of psychological abuse, and psychopathy positively predicted acceptance of controlling behaviors. Narcissism did not predict any facet of IPV acceptance.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, as the first study to explore the roles of DT traits in acceptance of IPV behaviors, the results contribute to the understanding of how these traits may predispose individuals to harmful intimate partner behaviors. These findings can inform IPV prevention efforts to aid in the early identification of individuals who hold maladaptive beliefs surrounding romantic relationships.

目的虽然黑暗三合会（DT）是一种相对较新的恶性人格概念，但它已被广泛研究，并被证明是导致身体暴力、控制行为、短期交配偏好和不良关系质量增加的原因。本研究旨在调查 DT 特质是否能预测普通人群对亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）的接受程度，从而弥补有关对恋爱关系有害态度预测因素的文献空白。研究结果进行了一系列分层多元回归分析，在第一个模型中将性别作为预测因素，在第二个模型中加入 DT 特质作为预测因素。结果显示，男性参与者比女性参与者更能接受 IPV。除了性别因素外，精神病态和马基雅维利主义对整体 IPV 接受度有积极的预测作用，但自恋则没有。心理变态和马基雅维利主义对接受心理虐待有积极的预测作用，心理变态对接受控制行为有积极的预测作用。原创性/价值据作者所知，这是第一项探讨 DT 特质在接受 IPV 行为中的作用的研究，研究结果有助于人们了解这些特质如何使个人倾向于有害的亲密伴侣行为。这些研究结果可以为预防 IPV 的工作提供参考，以帮助及早识别那些对恋爱关系持有不良信念的人。

{"title":"Unmasking the dark triad: exploring its relationship with attitudes toward intimate partner violence","authors":"Charlie Waite, Robyn Mooney","doi":"10.1108/jcp-02-2024-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jcp-02-2024-0016","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Purpose</h3>\u0000<p>Although it is a relatively recent conceptualization of malevolent personality, the dark triad (DT) has been widely researched and shown to be responsible for increases in physical violence, controlling behavior, short-term mating preferences and poor relationship quality. This study aims to investigate whether DT traits predict acceptance toward intimate partner violence (IPV) in the general population, addressing a gap in the literature regarding predictors of harmful attitudes toward romantic relationships.</p>\u0000<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>\u0000<p>In total, 150 adults aged 18–74 (76% women) completed two self-report questionnaires: the short DT and the IPV attitude scale-revised.</p>\u0000<h3>Findings</h3>\u0000<p>A series of hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted, with gender as predictor in the first models and DT traits added as predictors in second models. The results showed that male participants were more accepting of IPV than female participants. Over and above the contribution of gender, psychopathy and Machiavellianism positively predicted overall IPV acceptance, but narcissism did not. Psychopathy and Machiavellianism positively predicted acceptance of psychological abuse, and psychopathy positively predicted acceptance of controlling behaviors. Narcissism did not predict any facet of IPV acceptance.</p>\u0000<h3>Originality/value</h3>\u0000<p>To the best of the authors’ knowledge, as the first study to explore the roles of DT traits in acceptance of IPV behaviors, the results contribute to the understanding of how these traits may predispose individuals to harmful intimate partner behaviors. These findings can inform IPV prevention efforts to aid in the early identification of individuals who hold maladaptive beliefs surrounding romantic relationships.</p>","PeriodicalId":44013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141504407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hanging up on emergency services: staged calls end differently 挂断紧急服务：分阶段呼叫的结局不同

IF 1 Q2 Social Sciences

Journal of Criminal Psychology

Pub Date : 2024-06-18 DOI: 10.1108/jcp-02-2024-0014

Serena Elms, David D. Clarke, Mark Briskey, David Keatley

PurposeEmergency service dispatchers perform a vital role in assisting callers by helping them through the emergency they are in and ensuring the delivery of first responders. If an emergency caller prematurely hangs up a call, before the arrival of first responders, it can impact a dispatcher’s ability to provide them with assistance. This paper aims to understand why staged callers, who are attempting to cover up a crime, and authentic callers hang up by identifying which linguistic and behavioural indicators occur prior to the end of a call.Design/methodology/approachA sample of 40 emergency calls (20 staged; 20 authentic) related to health and welfare emergencies were analysed with a temporal measure known as indicator waves. This provided a means to identify which indicators occurred above the level expected by chance near the end of authentic and staged calls.FindingsThe results of the current study show that the indicators that proceeded hanging up in authentic calls reflected the nature of the situation (e.g. nonurgency wherein the victim is deceased or is in a stable condition). Whereas the indicators that proceeded hanging up in staged calls focused on the “staging” aspect of the incident by accounting for forensic evidence that could be incriminating.Originality/valueThe identification of indicators that occur before the end of staged and authentic calls provides further insight into the differences between the two call types and offers opportunities for further research, potentially leading to application.

目的紧急服务调度员在协助呼叫者方面发挥着至关重要的作用，他们帮助呼叫者渡过紧急难关，并确保急救人员的到达。如果紧急呼叫者在急救人员到达之前过早挂断电话，就会影响调度员为其提供援助的能力。本文旨在通过识别在通话结束前出现的语言和行为指标，来了解试图掩盖犯罪的分阶段呼叫者和真实呼叫者挂断电话的原因。设计/方法/方法对 40 个与健康和福利紧急情况有关的紧急呼叫（20 个分阶段呼叫；20 个真实呼叫）样本进行了分析，并采用了一种称为指标波的时间测量方法。研究结果本研究结果表明，在真实电话中，挂断电话后的指标反映了情况的性质（例如，非紧急事件，受害者已死亡或情况稳定）。原创性/价值识别分阶段和真实通话结束前出现的指标，可以进一步了解这两种通话类型之间的差异，为进一步研究提供了机会，并有可能导致应用。

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引用次数: 0

The dark figure of murder and unsolved homicides in the USA 美国谋杀和悬案的黑暗数字

IF 1 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Criminal Psychology

Pub Date : 2024-06-18 DOI: 10.1108/jcp-03-2024-0025

Molly Minkler, Matt DeLisi, James Marquart, Nicholas Scurich

Purpose

This study aims to use a novel data set of 636 murderers sentenced to death in California to investigate homicide offenses that are committed but not prosecuted or officially solved, a concept known as the dark figure of crime.

Design/methodology/approach

Uaing appellate records from the Supreme Court of California, which contain extensive information about the offender’s background, criminal offense history and mental health diagnoses, it was revealed that one-third of the offenders in the sample have additional homicide offenses for which they likely bear responsibility, but were not prosecuted.

Findings

Most of these involve one or two additional homicides, though a wide range was observed spanning 0 to 93 additional victims. Those with a dark figure of murder and unsolved homicides had substantially more prior arrests, convictions and prison incarcerations and were higher in psychopathy, sexual sadism, homicidal ideation and gang involvement than offenders without a dark figure. Psychopathy and homicidal ideation were the most robust predictors of both the presence and magnitude of a dark figure of murder and unsolved homicides, whereas sexual sadism was inconsistently associated.

Originality/value

A disproportionate amount of the unsolved murders in the USA are likely perpetrated by the most pathological types of offenders, those with extensive antisocial careers and severe externalizing psychopathology.

研究目的本研究旨在利用加州 636 名被判处死刑的杀人犯的新数据集，调查那些已经实施但未被起诉或正式破案的杀人犯罪，这一概念被称为犯罪的黑暗人物。设计/方法/途径利用加利福尼亚州最高法院的上诉记录（其中包含有关罪犯背景、刑事犯罪史和精神健康诊断的大量信息），发现样本中三分之一的罪犯有额外的杀人罪行，他们可能对这些罪行负有责任，但未被起诉。与无犯罪前科的罪犯相比，有谋杀前科和未破命案的罪犯在逮捕、定罪和监禁方面的前科要多得多，在精神变态、性虐待狂、杀人意念和团伙参与方面的前科也更多。心理变态和杀人意念是最有力的预测因素，可以预测谋杀案和未破凶杀案中是否存在 "黑影 "以及 "黑影 "的程度，而性施虐狂与之相关的程度则不一致。原创性/价值美国未破凶杀案中不成比例的凶杀案很可能是由最病态类型的罪犯所为，这些罪犯具有广泛的反社会生涯和严重的外化性心理变态。

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引用次数: 0

Double jeopardy: the effects of retrial knowledge on juror decisions 一罪不二审：重审知识对陪审员决定的影响

IF 1 Q2 Social Sciences

Journal of Criminal Psychology

Pub Date : 2024-06-17 DOI: 10.1108/jcp-03-2024-0021

James Munro, Fred Motson, Jim Turner, L. Frumkin, L. Curley

PurposeSince the passage of the Double Jeopardy (Scotland) Act 2011, mirroring changes in other jurisdictions, a person who has been acquitted in Scotland can, under certain circumstances, be retried for that offence. Jurors could have knowledge of the previous acquittal verdict (whether not guilty or not proven) through media sources, potentially biasing the new jury in their decision-making. The purpose of this study is to detemine the influence of knowing a trial is a retrial, on conviction rates.Design/methodology/approachThe current study invited 253 participants to give a verdict to a mock murder trial after either receiving pretrial information about the original verdict or no information about the case being a retrial.FindingsSignificantly more acquittal verdicts were given when the participants were told that it was a retrial, compared to the control condition, irrespective of whether the prior verdict was not guilty or not proven.Originality/valueFindings are discussed in light of jurors’ knowledge of legal concepts and acquittal verdicts and the increasing exposure of the general Scottish public to the not-proven verdict due to increased media coverage.

目的自 2011 年《一罪不二审（苏格兰）法》通过以来，与其他司法管辖区的变化如出一辙，在某些情况下，在苏格兰被宣告无罪的人可以因该罪行重新接受审判。陪审员可能会通过媒体渠道了解到之前的无罪判决（无论是无罪还是未被证实），这可能会使新的陪审团在决策时产生偏差。设计/方法/途径本研究邀请 253 名参与者在收到有关原判决的审前信息或未收到有关案件为重审的信息后，对模拟谋杀案审判做出判决。研究结果与对照组相比，当参与者被告知这是一起重审案件时，无论之前的判决是无罪还是未经证实，作出无罪判决的人数都显著增加。原创性/价值研究结果将根据陪审员对法律概念和无罪判决的了解程度，以及媒体报道增加导致苏格兰公众越来越多地接触未经证实判决的情况进行讨论。

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引用次数: 0

Increasing access and transparency: evaluating transcript provision for rape victim-survivors in Scottish legal proceedings 增加获取途径和透明度：评估苏格兰法律诉讼中为强奸受害者-幸存者提供的记录誊本

IF 1 Q2 Social Sciences

Journal of Criminal Psychology

Pub Date : 2024-05-20 DOI: 10.1108/jcp-03-2024-0026

Emma Richardson

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide a viewpoint in response to the Scottish Government announcing a yearlong pilot scheme to make court transcripts available to complainants of rape who have had their case heard in the High Court. This is the outcome of a campaign led by survivors to make accessible records of their trial. Here, a five-question model is applied which cautions the use of written records of spoken interaction by asking, how adequate are they for the purpose intended to serve?Design/methodology/approachFive questions are asked of transcripts, or written records, from a previously developed model (Richardson et al., 2022): (i) Are they an accurate representation of the spoken interaction that took place?; (ii) Who has agency, whose “voice” is represented in the recorded account?; (iii) Do lay and professional parties have ownership over the record?; (iv) How usable is the record; and (v) How resource efficient it is to produce?FindingsThe application of these questions to the yearlong pilot scheme offers a view on how transcripts, as written records of spoken interaction, must be considered not as direct replicas of the interaction that took place, but as a subjective text created by professional parties. In making these available, ownership is significantly increased. However, whether they are adequate for the purpose they intend to serve is yet to be known.Originality/valueThe originality of this viewpoint is offering a framework in which to locate some of the potential considerations by which to evaluate the pilot scheme. In considering how “high” or “low” answers to the five questions might “score” and recognising that as the scheme develops these issues intersect, consequences may be predicted by what is already known. For example, by increasing resource efficiency, you might decrease accuracy of representation and vice versa.

目的本文旨在针对苏格兰政府宣布的一项为期一年的试点计划，即向在高等法院审理案件的强奸案申诉人提供法庭记录誊本，提出自己的观点。这是由幸存者领导的一场运动的成果，这场运动的目的是让人们能够获取他们的审判记录。设计/方法/途径根据之前开发的模型（Richardson et al、(ii)谁有代理权，谁的 "声音 "在记录中得到体现？(iii)非专业和专业人员对记录是否拥有所有权？研究结果将这些问题应用于为期一年的试点计划提供了一种观点，即作为口语互动的书面记录，记录誊本必须被视为不是所发生互动的直接复制品，而是由专业人员创作的主观文本。在提供这些记录的过程中，所有权得到了极大的加强。原创性/价值这一观点的原创性在于提供了一个框架，在这个框架中可以找到一些评估试点计划的潜在考虑因素。在考虑五个问题的 "高分 "或 "低分 "时，并认识到随着计划的发展，这些问题会相互交叉，因此可以根据已知情况预测后果。例如，通过提高资源效率，可能会降低表述的准确性，反之亦然。

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引用次数: 0

Risk and desistance factors for female acquisitive offending: a systematic review 女性获取性犯罪的风险和摆脱因素：系统性审查

IF 1 Q2 Social Sciences

Journal of Criminal Psychology

Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.1108/jcp-11-2023-0074

Faiza Ihsan-Ghafoor, Rachel Worthington, Louise Coughlin

PurposeThis systematic review sought to examine the research body on acquisitive offending among female offenders, specifically exploring what factors may take females closer towards engaging in acquisitive offending and what factors may support desistance from this behaviour.Design/methodology/approachA systematic review was conducted, using the recommended guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. A total of 8,129 initial articles were identified from the search terms, 77 articles were deemed suitable to meet the inclusion criteria and are explored in the results section. Papers were screened for quality appraisal and risk of bias.FindingsTen factors were identified that took females closer towards offending. Five factors were identified that took females away from offending. Based on the findings, four typologies of female acquisitive offenders were identified: short-term orientation (adolescent); mental health orientation; life-course persistent (theft); and acquisitive diversity (including robbery and burglary).Research limitations/implicationsFuture research would benefit from exploring a more rich understanding of the mechanisms that underpin why females engage in acquisitive offending and what factors contribute towards their desistance. A wider range of bio-psycho-social factors, which may increase the risk of acquisitive offending, should also be considered in future research alongside ways in which interventions may be gender-responsive.Originality/valueThis review provides insight into the differing functions and typologies of female acquisitive offending. Interventions for each of these typologies are considered within the review.

目的本系统综述旨在研究女性罪犯中的侵占性犯罪，特别是探讨哪些因素可能使女性更接近于从事侵占性犯罪，以及哪些因素可能支持女性放弃这种行为。通过检索词共确定了 8,129 篇初始文章，77 篇文章被认为符合纳入标准，并在结果部分进行了探讨。对论文进行了质量评估和偏倚风险筛选。有五项因素使女性远离犯罪。根据研究结果，确定了女性盗窃犯罪者的四种类型：短期取向（青春期）；心理健康取向；生命历程持续性（盗窃）；以及盗窃多样性（包括抢劫和入室盗窃）。在未来的研究中，还应考虑更广泛的生物-心理-社会因素，这些因素可能会增加女性从事侵占性犯罪的风险，同时也应考虑如何采取干预措施来促进性别平等。综述中考虑了针对每种类型的干预措施。

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