Abdul Majid, Shankar Lal Rathi, Amin Fahim, Sarwat Batool, Waqas Iqbal, B. Shankar
Objective: To find out the pattern of tobacco use practices and the effects of chewable tobacco and other forms of tobacco use on oral mucosa. Study Design: Retrospective observational study. Place and duration of study: Study was started from 1 July 2018 to 31 December 2018 and was conducted at Maxillofacial surgery OPD, Isra Dental Hospital. Materials and Methods: Samples of leukoplakia, erythroplakia or growth in oral cavity were collected from Maxillofacial surgery OPD. After taking detailed history including chewable tobacco habits, biopsy was taken and then results were analyzed by using SPSS version 22.0.The categorical data were expressed in terms of frequencies and percentages. The Chi square test was used to determine the association of different variables. Results: Majority of the patients were found to have naswaar addiction followed by gutka, smoking, areca nut, mainpuri and paan. Most of the patients i.e., 59% with oral lesions were having basic education at primary level and belonged to middle class monthly income category 35(39.77%) followed by low monthly income 28(31.8%).We noted significant association between various oral habits of tobacco use and biopsy reports and oral squamous cell carcinoma was observed as the common findings among study population. Conclusion: We have reached to the conclusion that in our region chewable tobacco is most common and significantly associated with risk of development of oral lesions and subsequent oral squamous cell carcinoma
{"title":"Types of Various Oral Mucosal Lesions with Respect to Trends of Chewable Tobacco and Their Subsequent Histopathological Findings","authors":"Abdul Majid, Shankar Lal Rathi, Amin Fahim, Sarwat Batool, Waqas Iqbal, B. Shankar","doi":"10.57234/652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57234/652","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To find out the pattern of tobacco use practices and the effects of chewable tobacco and other forms of tobacco use on oral mucosa. Study Design: Retrospective observational study. Place and duration of study: Study was started from 1 July 2018 to 31 December 2018 and was conducted at Maxillofacial surgery OPD, Isra Dental Hospital. Materials and Methods: Samples of leukoplakia, erythroplakia or growth in oral cavity were collected from Maxillofacial surgery OPD. After taking detailed history including chewable tobacco habits, biopsy was taken and then results were analyzed by using SPSS version 22.0.The categorical data were expressed in terms of frequencies and percentages. The Chi square test was used to determine the association of different variables. Results: Majority of the patients were found to have naswaar addiction followed by gutka, smoking, areca nut, mainpuri and paan. Most of the patients i.e., 59% with oral lesions were having basic education at primary level and belonged to middle class monthly income category 35(39.77%) followed by low monthly income 28(31.8%).We noted significant association between various oral habits of tobacco use and biopsy reports and oral squamous cell carcinoma was observed as the common findings among study population. Conclusion: We have reached to the conclusion that in our region chewable tobacco is most common and significantly associated with risk of development of oral lesions and subsequent oral squamous cell carcinoma","PeriodicalId":441218,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic International Medical College","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123988640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To compare the effects of microwave and light emitting diode disinfection on the dimensional stability of two denture base materials; polymethyl methacrylate and polyamide. Study Design: In-vitro study Place and Duration of Study: Peshawar Dental College and Material Research Laboratories, University of Peshawar from 10 June 2021 to 8 December 2021. Materials and Methods: Fifteen specimens each for polymethylmethacrylate and polyamide were divided into three groups, control, microwave & light emitting diode. The specimens for microwave group were irradiated at 1000W for 3 minutes, thrice a week. The specimens for light emitting diode group were disinfected in a device for 30 minutes, thrice a week. The control group specimens were placed in distilled water for 4 weeks. Dimensions were measured before disinfection, and four weeks after the assigned disinfection. The mean and the standard deviation of the differences between three groups were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and after obtaining significant values, through post hoc Tukey HSD. Results: For polymethylmethacrylate highest dimensional difference (-9.02mm) was noted for microwave disinfected group while the control group showed the lowest value (-6.99mm). For polyamide, the highest dimensional changes were recorded for light emitting diode group (8.66mm) and the lowest (-7mm) for the control group. Statistical analysis showed that the differences were significant for both polymethylmethacrylate and polyamide when compared with the control (p<0.05) but insignificant when microwave disinfected group was compared with light emitting diode group (p>0.05) Conclusion: No significant difference in dimensional stability of both the denture base resins was observed after disinfection with microwave and light emitting diode.
{"title":"Effects of Microwave and Light Emitting Diode as Disinfection Methods on the Dimensional Stability of Polymethyl Methacrylate and Polyamide Denture Base Resin","authors":"H. Rehman","doi":"10.57234/1472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57234/1472","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To compare the effects of microwave and light emitting diode disinfection on the dimensional stability of two denture base materials; polymethyl methacrylate and polyamide. Study Design: In-vitro study Place and Duration of Study: Peshawar Dental College and Material Research Laboratories, University of Peshawar from 10 June 2021 to 8 December 2021. Materials and Methods: Fifteen specimens each for polymethylmethacrylate and polyamide were divided into three groups, control, microwave & light emitting diode. The specimens for microwave group were irradiated at 1000W for 3 minutes, thrice a week. The specimens for light emitting diode group were disinfected in a device for 30 minutes, thrice a week. The control group specimens were placed in distilled water for 4 weeks. Dimensions were measured before disinfection, and four weeks after the assigned disinfection. The mean and the standard deviation of the differences between three groups were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and after obtaining significant values, through post hoc Tukey HSD. Results: For polymethylmethacrylate highest dimensional difference (-9.02mm) was noted for microwave disinfected group while the control group showed the lowest value (-6.99mm). For polyamide, the highest dimensional changes were recorded for light emitting diode group (8.66mm) and the lowest (-7mm) for the control group. Statistical analysis showed that the differences were significant for both polymethylmethacrylate and polyamide when compared with the control (p<0.05) but insignificant when microwave disinfected group was compared with light emitting diode group (p>0.05) Conclusion: No significant difference in dimensional stability of both the denture base resins was observed after disinfection with microwave and light emitting diode.","PeriodicalId":441218,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic International Medical College","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129974997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To determine the combined cardioprotective effects of Nigella Sativa and enalapril in doxorubicininduced cardiotoxicity in rats. Study Design: Experimental randomized control trials. Place and Duration of Study: This research was carried out from September 2020 to August 2021, in the department of pharmacology, in collaboration with the National Institute of Health (NIH) Islamabad, Pakistan. Materials and Methods: For this experiment, 4 groups of adult male rats were taken, each containing 10 rats. Group 1 rats acquired a normal diet without any medication throughout the experiment. On day 8 (after acclimatization) cardiotoxicity was induced in groups 2, 3, and 4 rats by administering doxorubicin 5mg/kg intraperitoneally for 3 consecutive days. After the confirmation of cardiotoxicity, Group 3 rats were administered only angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) enalapril 2mg/kg, while group 4 rats were given a combination of Nigella sativa 100mg/kg and Enalapril 2mg/kg orally for 14 days. Baseline blood samples were taken on day 0 to obtain normal values of Cardiac Troponin T ( cTnT), Cardiac Troponin I (cTnT), and CK-MB enzyme. To confirm cardiotoxicity 2nd sampling was done on day 11, and the final sampling was done through cardiac puncture on day 26. Serum biochemical estimation was done and data were analyzed through SPSS 22 by using one-way ANOVA and paired t-test. A P-value < 0.05 was believed statistically considerable. Results: Enalapril alone produced significant cardioprotective effects as shown by the marked reduction in cTnT, cTnI, and CKMB levels in group 3 (p<0.05), but combined administration of Nigella sativa and enalapril in group 4 mice produced a more significant reduction in Trop T, Trop I, and CK-MB levels (P <0.05). Conclusion: Nigella sativa and enalapril in combination significantly lower cardiac enzyme in Doxorubicininduced cardiotoxicity in rats.
{"title":"Cardioprotective Effects of Nigella Sativa and Enalapril in Doxorubicin-induced Cardiotoxicity","authors":"Uzma Naeem","doi":"10.57234/1426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57234/1426","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the combined cardioprotective effects of Nigella Sativa and enalapril in doxorubicininduced cardiotoxicity in rats. Study Design: Experimental randomized control trials. Place and Duration of Study: This research was carried out from September 2020 to August 2021, in the department of pharmacology, in collaboration with the National Institute of Health (NIH) Islamabad, Pakistan. Materials and Methods: For this experiment, 4 groups of adult male rats were taken, each containing 10 rats. Group 1 rats acquired a normal diet without any medication throughout the experiment. On day 8 (after acclimatization) cardiotoxicity was induced in groups 2, 3, and 4 rats by administering doxorubicin 5mg/kg intraperitoneally for 3 consecutive days. After the confirmation of cardiotoxicity, Group 3 rats were administered only angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) enalapril 2mg/kg, while group 4 rats were given a combination of Nigella sativa 100mg/kg and Enalapril 2mg/kg orally for 14 days. Baseline blood samples were taken on day 0 to obtain normal values of Cardiac Troponin T ( cTnT), Cardiac Troponin I (cTnT), and CK-MB enzyme. To confirm cardiotoxicity 2nd sampling was done on day 11, and the final sampling was done through cardiac puncture on day 26. Serum biochemical estimation was done and data were analyzed through SPSS 22 by using one-way ANOVA and paired t-test. A P-value < 0.05 was believed statistically considerable. Results: Enalapril alone produced significant cardioprotective effects as shown by the marked reduction in cTnT, cTnI, and CKMB levels in group 3 (p<0.05), but combined administration of Nigella sativa and enalapril in group 4 mice produced a more significant reduction in Trop T, Trop I, and CK-MB levels (P <0.05). Conclusion: Nigella sativa and enalapril in combination significantly lower cardiac enzyme in Doxorubicininduced cardiotoxicity in rats.","PeriodicalId":441218,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic International Medical College","volume":"246 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122336530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tumors of parotid glands are majority benign and commonest of them is Pleomorphic adenoma. Patients commonly presents with a painless swelling in face. Parotid Oncocytoma is a rare parotid tumor with incidence of 0.1-1.5% (rarest of salivary tumor type) of all parotid tumors, and it occurs in 6-8 decade of life. In this case report we will present a case of 75 years old male with painless swelling in parotid gland and diagnosis of Oncocytoma was made.
{"title":"Parotid Gland Oncocytoma-A Case Report","authors":"S. Latif","doi":"10.57234/1387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57234/1387","url":null,"abstract":"Tumors of parotid glands are majority benign and commonest of them is Pleomorphic adenoma. Patients commonly presents with a painless swelling in face. Parotid Oncocytoma is a rare parotid tumor with incidence of 0.1-1.5% (rarest of salivary tumor type) of all parotid tumors, and it occurs in 6-8 decade of life. In this case report we will present a case of 75 years old male with painless swelling in parotid gland and diagnosis of Oncocytoma was made.","PeriodicalId":441218,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic International Medical College","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121788649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a long-lasting dermatological disease that is associated with ophthalmic complications in the long run. Those having AD are more likely at risk of developing comorbidities in eye as compared to normal persons. This review encompasses the clinical manifestations, pathophysiology and treatment of common ophthalmic complications presented with AD i.e., blepharitis, kerato-conjunctivitis, corneal ectasias, glaucomatous eyes, lens opacification, detachment of retina, herpetic eye disease (HED) and dupilumab associated eye toxicities. It is necessary for dermatology colleagues to be vigilant enough not to miss ophthalmic problems associated with AD, as an early detection and management can save the vision.
{"title":"Ophthalmic Complications Associated with Atopic Dermatitis: A Review","authors":"Adnan Ahmad","doi":"10.57234/1396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57234/1396","url":null,"abstract":"Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a long-lasting dermatological disease that is associated with ophthalmic complications in the long run. Those having AD are more likely at risk of developing comorbidities in eye as compared to normal persons. This review encompasses the clinical manifestations, pathophysiology and treatment of common ophthalmic complications presented with AD i.e., blepharitis, kerato-conjunctivitis, corneal ectasias, glaucomatous eyes, lens opacification, detachment of retina, herpetic eye disease (HED) and dupilumab associated eye toxicities. It is necessary for dermatology colleagues to be vigilant enough not to miss ophthalmic problems associated with AD, as an early detection and management can save the vision.","PeriodicalId":441218,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic International Medical College","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116346549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saadia Khan, I. Iqbal, Asad Abbas, R. Arshad, I. Ali, S. Khan, Adan Ijaz
Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of parental iron therapy to treat iron deficiency anemia in malnourished children. Study Design: Quasi experimental design. Place and Duration of Study: Stabilization Centre, Children Hospital and the Institute of Child Health, Multan from 1 December 2014 to 31 December 2020. Materials and Methods: A total of 250 malnourished children with iron deficiency were included in the study. The laboratory parameters i.e., Hemoglobin, Hematocrit, Red Blood Cells Count, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, and Serum ferritin of all patients were done. Using the iron deficit formula, all participants were given the measured iron sucrose complex. The iron sucrose complex was diluted with 0.9% normal saline and administered steadily for 3-4 hours. After 6 weeks of therapy, hemoglobin, RBC count , ferritin was measured. Comparison of mean ±SD of baseline laboratory parameters and after 6 weeks of iron supplementation was analyzed by using t-test. Results: A total of 250 participants were registered, male patients (57.2%) were more than female patients (42.8 %). Most of the 92(36.8%) participants were 12-24 months old. The key cause of anemia among 102(40.8%) admitted patients was inadequate diet or excessive milk consumption. The mean ±SD value of the Hb level at admission was 7.5±1.9 and it increased to 11±1.15g/dL after 6 weeks of active supplementation which is statistically significant (P-value < 0.05). Six weeks after giving intravenous iron therapy mean serum Ferritin increased from 11.5ml to 21.61 ng/ml. Conclusion: Current study concluded that controlled administration of IV iron sucrose for treatment of iron deficiency anemia among inpatients is efficacious and safe. IV iron sucrose should be considered for patient with severe IDA, those who are not compliant with oral formulations, and patients with malabsorption.
{"title":"Parental Iron Therapy to Treat Iron Deficiency Anemia in Malnourished Children","authors":"Saadia Khan, I. Iqbal, Asad Abbas, R. Arshad, I. Ali, S. Khan, Adan Ijaz","doi":"10.57234/691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57234/691","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of parental iron therapy to treat iron deficiency anemia in malnourished children. Study Design: Quasi experimental design. Place and Duration of Study: Stabilization Centre, Children Hospital and the Institute of Child Health, Multan from 1 December 2014 to 31 December 2020. Materials and Methods: A total of 250 malnourished children with iron deficiency were included in the study. The laboratory parameters i.e., Hemoglobin, Hematocrit, Red Blood Cells Count, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, and Serum ferritin of all patients were done. Using the iron deficit formula, all participants were given the measured iron sucrose complex. The iron sucrose complex was diluted with 0.9% normal saline and administered steadily for 3-4 hours. After 6 weeks of therapy, hemoglobin, RBC count , ferritin was measured. Comparison of mean ±SD of baseline laboratory parameters and after 6 weeks of iron supplementation was analyzed by using t-test. Results: A total of 250 participants were registered, male patients (57.2%) were more than female patients (42.8 %). Most of the 92(36.8%) participants were 12-24 months old. The key cause of anemia among 102(40.8%) admitted patients was inadequate diet or excessive milk consumption. The mean ±SD value of the Hb level at admission was 7.5±1.9 and it increased to 11±1.15g/dL after 6 weeks of active supplementation which is statistically significant (P-value < 0.05). Six weeks after giving intravenous iron therapy mean serum Ferritin increased from 11.5ml to 21.61 ng/ml. Conclusion: Current study concluded that controlled administration of IV iron sucrose for treatment of iron deficiency anemia among inpatients is efficacious and safe. IV iron sucrose should be considered for patient with severe IDA, those who are not compliant with oral formulations, and patients with malabsorption.","PeriodicalId":441218,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic International Medical College","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116592085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I’ll be honest…it has been 35+ years since I started Medical School [MBBS]. And in the realm of Medicine at large, and Immunology/Rheumatology in specific, we are still struggling to find a ‘cure’ for chronic systemic inflammatory immune-mediated diseases also known as ‘autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARD)’. Rheumatology is still in its cradle having gotten the recognition as a subspecialty of Medicine only in 1972. I have seen the field evolve in terms of understanding the orchestrated ‘play’ of the immune cells along with cytokines etc. over the past 3 decades, all of which has led to the concept and birth of ‘biologic’ disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs [b-DMARDs]. The first b-DMARD to get approved by the Food and Drugs Administration [FDA] was etanercept, a TNF-alpha receptor fusion protein in 1998. Infliximab, a chimeric monoclonal antibody against TNF soon followed in 1999. Ever since then, there has been a flurry of b-DMARDs including 3 more in the same family of TNF-antagonists, 2 in the Interleukin [IL]-6 antagonist class, 1 blocker of the second co-stimulatory T-cell signaling: CTLA-4Ig, 3 IL-1 antagonists, B-cell depleting chimeric monoclonal antibody directed against CD-20 etc. Also, 3 oral Janus-kinase inhibitors have joined the ‘gang’ and are called targeted synthetic DMARDs. I still remember the pre-b-DMARD era when rip roaring rheumatoid arthritis was still around, and with my Ustaad Saheb (Mentor), all what we had to offer pharmaceutically were the conventional synthetic [cs] DMARDs including methotrexate, hydroxychloroquine, sulfasalazine, leflunomide and [the younger generation can hold their breath] cyclosporine, d-penicillamine, chlorambucil…GOLD injections and even cyclophosphamide! Corticosteroids have been around since 1950! The 1st and “so far” […well, I/You might be next one!] the only Nobel Prize winning revelation in the realm of Rheumatology......................................
{"title":"Rheuminations","authors":"Dr. Prashant Kaushik, Aarya A. Kaushik","doi":"10.57234/1621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57234/1621","url":null,"abstract":"I’ll be honest…it has been 35+ years since I started Medical School [MBBS]. And in the realm of Medicine at large, and Immunology/Rheumatology in specific, we are still struggling to find a ‘cure’ for chronic systemic inflammatory immune-mediated diseases also known as ‘autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARD)’. Rheumatology is still in its cradle having gotten the recognition as a subspecialty of Medicine only in 1972. I have seen the field evolve in terms of understanding the orchestrated ‘play’ of the immune cells along with cytokines etc. over the past 3 decades, all of which has led to the concept and birth of ‘biologic’ disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs [b-DMARDs]. The first b-DMARD to get approved by the Food and Drugs Administration [FDA] was etanercept, a TNF-alpha receptor fusion protein in 1998. Infliximab, a chimeric monoclonal antibody against TNF soon followed in 1999. Ever since then, there has been a flurry of b-DMARDs including 3 more in the same family of TNF-antagonists, 2 in the Interleukin [IL]-6 antagonist class, 1 blocker of the second co-stimulatory T-cell signaling: CTLA-4Ig, 3 IL-1 antagonists, B-cell depleting chimeric monoclonal antibody directed against CD-20 etc. Also, 3 oral Janus-kinase inhibitors have joined the ‘gang’ and are called targeted synthetic DMARDs. I still remember the pre-b-DMARD era when rip roaring rheumatoid arthritis was still around, and with my Ustaad Saheb (Mentor), all what we had to offer pharmaceutically were the conventional synthetic [cs] DMARDs including methotrexate, hydroxychloroquine, sulfasalazine, leflunomide and [the younger generation can hold their breath] cyclosporine, d-penicillamine, chlorambucil…GOLD injections and even cyclophosphamide! Corticosteroids have been around since 1950! The 1st and “so far” […well, I/You might be next one!] the only Nobel Prize winning revelation in the realm of Rheumatology......................................","PeriodicalId":441218,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic International Medical College","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126074294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: This study aimed to define the challenges faced by medical students rotating in the orthopedics department and their suggestions regarding improvement during covid-19 pandemic. Study Design: A mixed method cross sectional study design. Place and Duration of Study: It was conducted on 4 and 5 year MBBS students at Shifa college of Medicine with clerkship rotation in the department of orthopedics from 16 March 2020 to 23 August 2021. Materials and Methods: Students were enquired about their comfort levels while using the internet and computer for online sessions. Data was collected through an online questionnaire and analyzed using Google forms. Frequencies, percentages, and standard deviations were calculated for qualitative variables. Results: Out of 147 study participants, 64(43.4%) students strongly agreed that they had no difficulty and were extremely comfortable using internet and computer during covid-19 pandemic. Eighty-five (58%) students used online available reading material shared on Google classrooms and what's app groups. While only 23(16%) agreed to concentrate during online sessions. One hundred and eighteen (80%) agreed with a lesser desire to study for online classes as compared to on campus. Major problems faced by the students during the pandemic included very limited patient centered learning, limited hands-on experience, less interactive sessions, problems with internet connections, technology handling and class timing issues due to time zone differences. Conclusion: We conclude that our students faced lot of challenges during Covid-19 pandemic including internet issues, lack of awareness of technology, distractions because of family, siblings and homely environment and lack of conducive learning environment like learning at bedside. Flexible class timings, multiple breaks, recorded lectures and online interaction of real patients can improve online clinical learning.
{"title":"Challenges of Online Learning Environment Faced by Undergraduate Medical Students During Covid 19 Pandemic","authors":"Fareeha Farooqui","doi":"10.57234/1330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57234/1330","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study aimed to define the challenges faced by medical students rotating in the orthopedics department and their suggestions regarding improvement during covid-19 pandemic. Study Design: A mixed method cross sectional study design. Place and Duration of Study: It was conducted on 4 and 5 year MBBS students at Shifa college of Medicine with clerkship rotation in the department of orthopedics from 16 March 2020 to 23 August 2021. Materials and Methods: Students were enquired about their comfort levels while using the internet and computer for online sessions. Data was collected through an online questionnaire and analyzed using Google forms. Frequencies, percentages, and standard deviations were calculated for qualitative variables. Results: Out of 147 study participants, 64(43.4%) students strongly agreed that they had no difficulty and were extremely comfortable using internet and computer during covid-19 pandemic. Eighty-five (58%) students used online available reading material shared on Google classrooms and what's app groups. While only 23(16%) agreed to concentrate during online sessions. One hundred and eighteen (80%) agreed with a lesser desire to study for online classes as compared to on campus. Major problems faced by the students during the pandemic included very limited patient centered learning, limited hands-on experience, less interactive sessions, problems with internet connections, technology handling and class timing issues due to time zone differences. Conclusion: We conclude that our students faced lot of challenges during Covid-19 pandemic including internet issues, lack of awareness of technology, distractions because of family, siblings and homely environment and lack of conducive learning environment like learning at bedside. Flexible class timings, multiple breaks, recorded lectures and online interaction of real patients can improve online clinical learning.","PeriodicalId":441218,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic International Medical College","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123746980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To determine caries frequency in mandibular second molars in proportion to level of angulation and depth of impaction of mandibular third molars established on winters and Pell and Gregory classification system. Study Design: This was a Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: This study was regulated in Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at Islamic International Dental Hospital, Islamabad from 1 January 2018 to 30th June 2018. Materials and Methods: An overall 100 cases of caries were investigated on clinical and radiographic basis in mandibular second molars. Each panoramic radiograph was studied for the presence of carious lesion in lower second molars. The depth and angulation of impacted third molars was being assessed using Pell and Gregory and winter's grouping respectively. Chi square test was applied for analysis of data. Results: The participants in this study had age range from 18 to 60 years old. Mean age was 39.24 ±9.77 years. Majority of the patients 59 (59.0%) were between the ages 18 and 40. Among these patients, males were 83 (83.0%) and females 17 (17.0%) having a 4.9:1 male-to-female ratio. Caries at the distal aspect of mandibular second molars were seen in 39 percent of individuals with impacted lower third molars and mesioangularly impacted teeth most resulted in caries. Conclusion: This study concluded that 39% of the patients with impacted mandibular third molars caused distal cervical caries in second molars, with mesioangular impaction being the most prominent type causing caries. So, an attentive follow up of impacted mandibular third molars should be considered as health of lower mandibular second molar is influenced by pattern of impaction.
{"title":"Pattern of Impaction of Mandibular Third Molar and Its Relation with Caries in Mandibular Second Molar","authors":"Numra Mumtaz, Jawaria Bibi, Hawa Jabbar, M. Fazal","doi":"10.57234/698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57234/698","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine caries frequency in mandibular second molars in proportion to level of angulation and depth of impaction of mandibular third molars established on winters and Pell and Gregory classification system. Study Design: This was a Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: This study was regulated in Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at Islamic International Dental Hospital, Islamabad from 1 January 2018 to 30th June 2018. Materials and Methods: An overall 100 cases of caries were investigated on clinical and radiographic basis in mandibular second molars. Each panoramic radiograph was studied for the presence of carious lesion in lower second molars. The depth and angulation of impacted third molars was being assessed using Pell and Gregory and winter's grouping respectively. Chi square test was applied for analysis of data. Results: The participants in this study had age range from 18 to 60 years old. Mean age was 39.24 ±9.77 years. Majority of the patients 59 (59.0%) were between the ages 18 and 40. Among these patients, males were 83 (83.0%) and females 17 (17.0%) having a 4.9:1 male-to-female ratio. Caries at the distal aspect of mandibular second molars were seen in 39 percent of individuals with impacted lower third molars and mesioangularly impacted teeth most resulted in caries. Conclusion: This study concluded that 39% of the patients with impacted mandibular third molars caused distal cervical caries in second molars, with mesioangular impaction being the most prominent type causing caries. So, an attentive follow up of impacted mandibular third molars should be considered as health of lower mandibular second molar is influenced by pattern of impaction.","PeriodicalId":441218,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic International Medical College","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116860510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To determine the co-relation between perceived social support and stress among nursing staff working in a COVID-19 dedicated hospital setup. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Mental Health (AFIMH), Rawalpindi from 30 Aug 2020 to 02 March 2021. Materials and Methods: We consecutively sampled 128 subjects. All participants were requested to complete a brief demographic sheet, Urdu version of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale 21 (DASS-21) to assess the level of severity of stress among nursing staff and the Urdu version of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Data analysis was done using SPSS version 23.0. Results: The mean duration of stay of nursing staff in ward was 4.86 ± 2.28 weeks. Sixty-two (48.44%) nurses had duration of 2 to 4 weeks while 66 (51.56%) nurses had duration of more than 4 weeks of stay in the ward. The mean total stress score was 6.86 ± 5.80. The mean multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS) score was 47.29 ± 22.53. There was significant negative correlation between MSPSS score and stress score (r= -0.396, p-value < 0.05). Conclusion: Results of this study highlighted that a significant negative co-relation is present between perceived social support and stress among nursing staff working in a COVID-19 dedicated hospital setup.
{"title":"Level of Stress Among Health Care Workers in COVID-19 Dedicated Setup","authors":"Asif Azeem","doi":"10.57234/1530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57234/1530","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the co-relation between perceived social support and stress among nursing staff working in a COVID-19 dedicated hospital setup. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Mental Health (AFIMH), Rawalpindi from 30 Aug 2020 to 02 March 2021. Materials and Methods: We consecutively sampled 128 subjects. All participants were requested to complete a brief demographic sheet, Urdu version of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale 21 (DASS-21) to assess the level of severity of stress among nursing staff and the Urdu version of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Data analysis was done using SPSS version 23.0. Results: The mean duration of stay of nursing staff in ward was 4.86 ± 2.28 weeks. Sixty-two (48.44%) nurses had duration of 2 to 4 weeks while 66 (51.56%) nurses had duration of more than 4 weeks of stay in the ward. The mean total stress score was 6.86 ± 5.80. The mean multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS) score was 47.29 ± 22.53. There was significant negative correlation between MSPSS score and stress score (r= -0.396, p-value < 0.05). Conclusion: Results of this study highlighted that a significant negative co-relation is present between perceived social support and stress among nursing staff working in a COVID-19 dedicated hospital setup.","PeriodicalId":441218,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic International Medical College","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122253657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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