Pub Date : 2009-10-09DOI: 10.1109/PTC.2009.5282155
J. Lopes, F. Soares, P. Almeida
This paper describes a research developed to identify management procedures to deal with the charging of Electric Vehicles (EVs) batteries in scenarios characterized by a large scale deployment of this new kind of load. Three approaches were studied: dumb charging, dual tariff policy and smart charging. To assess the efficacy of such procedures, the grid integration of EVs was pushed to its limit for each of the adopted charging management approaches. A Medium Voltage (MV) grid, representative of a residential area distribution grid in Portugal, was used as testing environment. Several shares of EVs technologies were considered for different integration scenarios. Voltage profiles and branch congestion levels were evaluated, for the peak load hour, for grid technical limits checking. Losses were also evaluated for a typical daily load profile.
{"title":"Identifying management procedures to deal with connection of Electric Vehicles in the grid","authors":"J. Lopes, F. Soares, P. Almeida","doi":"10.1109/PTC.2009.5282155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PTC.2009.5282155","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a research developed to identify management procedures to deal with the charging of Electric Vehicles (EVs) batteries in scenarios characterized by a large scale deployment of this new kind of load. Three approaches were studied: dumb charging, dual tariff policy and smart charging. To assess the efficacy of such procedures, the grid integration of EVs was pushed to its limit for each of the adopted charging management approaches. A Medium Voltage (MV) grid, representative of a residential area distribution grid in Portugal, was used as testing environment. Several shares of EVs technologies were considered for different integration scenarios. Voltage profiles and branch congestion levels were evaluated, for the peak load hour, for grid technical limits checking. Losses were also evaluated for a typical daily load profile.","PeriodicalId":441804,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Bucharest PowerTech","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114970904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-10-09DOI: 10.1109/PTC.2009.5282139
J. Rosas-Caro, J. Ramirez, F. Peng
Vector Switching Converter VeSC has been recently introduced as an alternative for controlling power flow in power system's complex interconnections by direct AC-AC conversion, and novel FACTS devices have been recently introduced based on the VeSC, such as the Xi (Ξ) and Gamma (Γ) controllers. This paper introduces the Simplified Vector Switching Converter SVeSC and the topology of the Xi (Ξ) and Gamma (Γ) controllers based on this novel simplified scheme, which reduce the number of switches, increasing the reliability and reducing the cost of implementation, while holds the operating principle. The control system of AC-link FACTS devices is simpler than the control system of the DC-link approach, and free of PLL and trigonometric calculations. Simulation results of the active power flow control between two nodes by the proposed simplified Xi (Ξ) controller are provided to prove the operating principle.
交流链路FACTS器件的控制系统比直流链路控制系统简单，并且不需要锁相环和三角函数计算。
{"title":"Simple topologies for AC-link flexible AC transmission systems","authors":"J. Rosas-Caro, J. Ramirez, F. Peng","doi":"10.1109/PTC.2009.5282139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PTC.2009.5282139","url":null,"abstract":"Vector Switching Converter VeSC has been recently introduced as an alternative for controlling power flow in power system's complex interconnections by direct AC-AC conversion, and novel FACTS devices have been recently introduced based on the VeSC, such as the Xi (Ξ) and Gamma (Γ) controllers. This paper introduces the Simplified Vector Switching Converter SVeSC and the topology of the Xi (Ξ) and Gamma (Γ) controllers based on this novel simplified scheme, which reduce the number of switches, increasing the reliability and reducing the cost of implementation, while holds the operating principle. The control system of AC-link FACTS devices is simpler than the control system of the DC-link approach, and free of PLL and trigonometric calculations. Simulation results of the active power flow control between two nodes by the proposed simplified Xi (Ξ) controller are provided to prove the operating principle.","PeriodicalId":441804,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Bucharest PowerTech","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123094340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-10-09DOI: 10.1109/PTC.2009.5282044
V. N. Katsanou, G. Papagiannis
Grounding systems are very important for the safe construction of a substation or a simple building. This paper examines various methodologies for the calculation of different grounding systems, including single rods, rodbeds and grids. In addition, the use of a Finite Element Method (FEM) formulation in the analysis of grounding systems is presented. Both 2D and 3D models are created in order to get an accurate field calculation. Test cases include both uniform and two layer earth structures. The results obtained by the FEM calculations are compared to those obtained by analytical methods, providing useful information about the most suitable methodology for the calculation of the grounding resistance.
{"title":"Substation grounding system resistance calculations using a FEM approach","authors":"V. N. Katsanou, G. Papagiannis","doi":"10.1109/PTC.2009.5282044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PTC.2009.5282044","url":null,"abstract":"Grounding systems are very important for the safe construction of a substation or a simple building. This paper examines various methodologies for the calculation of different grounding systems, including single rods, rodbeds and grids. In addition, the use of a Finite Element Method (FEM) formulation in the analysis of grounding systems is presented. Both 2D and 3D models are created in order to get an accurate field calculation. Test cases include both uniform and two layer earth structures. The results obtained by the FEM calculations are compared to those obtained by analytical methods, providing useful information about the most suitable methodology for the calculation of the grounding resistance.","PeriodicalId":441804,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Bucharest PowerTech","volume":"197 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121314388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-10-09DOI: 10.1109/PTC.2009.5281799
D. Apetrei, G. Chicco, P. Postolache, N. Golovanov, M. Albu
This paper presents a real case study of the half-cycle duration measurement and classification. The study is based on data gathered at three different low voltage locations. In order to carry out the measurements, a special facility (OSC function) of a custom designed equipment called MOT was used. After the introductory aspects concerning the regulation for frequency measurement, the paper presents the structure of the MOT equipment and illustrates the characteristics of the data gathered. These data are then analysed through a hierarchical clustering method to identify and classify the events. The results obtained and the main ideas for future developments are illustrated and discussed in the paper.
{"title":"Cluster analysis of half-cycle duration measurements to classify local and network events","authors":"D. Apetrei, G. Chicco, P. Postolache, N. Golovanov, M. Albu","doi":"10.1109/PTC.2009.5281799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PTC.2009.5281799","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a real case study of the half-cycle duration measurement and classification. The study is based on data gathered at three different low voltage locations. In order to carry out the measurements, a special facility (OSC function) of a custom designed equipment called MOT was used. After the introductory aspects concerning the regulation for frequency measurement, the paper presents the structure of the MOT equipment and illustrates the characteristics of the data gathered. These data are then analysed through a hierarchical clustering method to identify and classify the events. The results obtained and the main ideas for future developments are illustrated and discussed in the paper.","PeriodicalId":441804,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Bucharest PowerTech","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125817218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-10-09DOI: 10.1109/PTC.2009.5282266
H.M. Tan, D. Vowles, R. Zivanovic
The Enhanced Binary-Single Machine Infinite bus Equivalent (Binary-SIME) method is an enhancement of the SIME method. It provides a robust and flexible approach to searching for the transient stability limits (TSLs) in a fully detailed model of a multi-machine power system. This paper describes the modular implementation of the Binary-SIME method with the PSS/E™ time domain simulation package. Extension to incorporate alternative search approaches is facilitated by the modular architecture. The Binary-SIME search implementation is applied to the IEEE simplified model of the Australian power system to search for power transfer limits (PTLs) and critical clearing times (CCTs). The Binary-SIME method is compared with the binary search method in the search for TSLs.
{"title":"Implementation of the Enhanced Binary-SIME method for finding transient stability limits with PSS/E™","authors":"H.M. Tan, D. Vowles, R. Zivanovic","doi":"10.1109/PTC.2009.5282266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PTC.2009.5282266","url":null,"abstract":"The Enhanced Binary-Single Machine Infinite bus Equivalent (Binary-SIME) method is an enhancement of the SIME method. It provides a robust and flexible approach to searching for the transient stability limits (TSLs) in a fully detailed model of a multi-machine power system. This paper describes the modular implementation of the Binary-SIME method with the PSS/E™ time domain simulation package. Extension to incorporate alternative search approaches is facilitated by the modular architecture. The Binary-SIME search implementation is applied to the IEEE simplified model of the Australian power system to search for power transfer limits (PTLs) and critical clearing times (CCTs). The Binary-SIME method is compared with the binary search method in the search for TSLs.","PeriodicalId":441804,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Bucharest PowerTech","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123504597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-10-09DOI: 10.1109/PTC.2009.5282122
M. Alonso, H. Amaris
This paper presents a methodology for optimal placement of DG units in power networks to guarantee the voltage profile, maximize loadability conditions in normal and in contingencies situations. The methodology aims in finding the configuration, among a set of system components, which meets the desired system reliability requirements taking into account stability limits. Results shown in the paper indicate that the proposed formulations can be used to determine which the best buses are where the addition of small distributed generator units can greatly enhance the voltage stability of the whole network and power transfer capability under contingencies.
{"title":"Voltage stability in distribution networks with DG","authors":"M. Alonso, H. Amaris","doi":"10.1109/PTC.2009.5282122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PTC.2009.5282122","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a methodology for optimal placement of DG units in power networks to guarantee the voltage profile, maximize loadability conditions in normal and in contingencies situations. The methodology aims in finding the configuration, among a set of system components, which meets the desired system reliability requirements taking into account stability limits. Results shown in the paper indicate that the proposed formulations can be used to determine which the best buses are where the addition of small distributed generator units can greatly enhance the voltage stability of the whole network and power transfer capability under contingencies.","PeriodicalId":441804,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Bucharest PowerTech","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116352469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-10-09DOI: 10.1109/PTC.2009.5281998
L. Degroote, B. Renders, B. Meersman, L. Vandevelde
When distributed generation (DG) units are connected to a low voltage (LV) single-phase distribution network the voltage profile will change. The connection of single-phase DG units to three-phase distribution networks will not only alter the voltage profile in the connected phase, but also the two other phase voltages will be influenced due to neutral-point shifting and voltage unbalance. The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of single-phase DG units on the phase voltages, in different circumstances. This will be investigated by performing several simulations. In order to make these detailed simulations, an unbalanced multiphase harmonic power flow method, considering the neutral wire, will be proposed. The presented model uses the iterative forward/backward method. Furthermore, the network is solved by using symmetrical components and the prevalent convergence problems will be tackled in this paper.
{"title":"Neutral-point shifting and voltage unbalance due to single-phase DG units in low voltage distribution networks","authors":"L. Degroote, B. Renders, B. Meersman, L. Vandevelde","doi":"10.1109/PTC.2009.5281998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PTC.2009.5281998","url":null,"abstract":"When distributed generation (DG) units are connected to a low voltage (LV) single-phase distribution network the voltage profile will change. The connection of single-phase DG units to three-phase distribution networks will not only alter the voltage profile in the connected phase, but also the two other phase voltages will be influenced due to neutral-point shifting and voltage unbalance. The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of single-phase DG units on the phase voltages, in different circumstances. This will be investigated by performing several simulations. In order to make these detailed simulations, an unbalanced multiphase harmonic power flow method, considering the neutral wire, will be proposed. The presented model uses the iterative forward/backward method. Furthermore, the network is solved by using symmetrical components and the prevalent convergence problems will be tackled in this paper.","PeriodicalId":441804,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Bucharest PowerTech","volume":"514 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122505714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-10-09DOI: 10.1109/PTC.2009.5281819
P. Moutis, Emmanouil Loukarakis, S. Papathanasiou, N. Hatziargyriou
In this paper, an operating strategy is suggested for the participation of variable speed, variable pitch wind generators (VSVPWG) in primary load-frequency regulation through pitch-control. The proposed strategy is mathematically precise and neither direct wind measurement as a control input, nor any linearization of the system are required. The above suggested are independent of the specific type of the electric generator connected to the turbine and the only requirement is the expansion of the look-up tables of the aerodynamic characteristics of the rotor. The operating strategy is applied to a VSVPWG model developed in MATLAB-Simulink and connected to both a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) and a full-power converter synchronous generator (FPCSG). Indicative simulation results are shown, the effectiveness of the proposed control versus wind and set-point of power variations is validated, tuning issues are addressed and lastly a comparison is presented between the aforementioned technique and the method of over-speeding previously developed and published in the specific field of research.
{"title":"Primary load-frequency control from pitch-controlled wind turbines","authors":"P. Moutis, Emmanouil Loukarakis, S. Papathanasiou, N. Hatziargyriou","doi":"10.1109/PTC.2009.5281819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PTC.2009.5281819","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, an operating strategy is suggested for the participation of variable speed, variable pitch wind generators (VSVPWG) in primary load-frequency regulation through pitch-control. The proposed strategy is mathematically precise and neither direct wind measurement as a control input, nor any linearization of the system are required. The above suggested are independent of the specific type of the electric generator connected to the turbine and the only requirement is the expansion of the look-up tables of the aerodynamic characteristics of the rotor. The operating strategy is applied to a VSVPWG model developed in MATLAB-Simulink and connected to both a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) and a full-power converter synchronous generator (FPCSG). Indicative simulation results are shown, the effectiveness of the proposed control versus wind and set-point of power variations is validated, tuning issues are addressed and lastly a comparison is presented between the aforementioned technique and the method of over-speeding previously developed and published in the specific field of research.","PeriodicalId":441804,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Bucharest PowerTech","volume":"14 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116808322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-10-09DOI: 10.1109/PTC.2009.5282224
A. Meliopoulos, G. Cokkinides, S. Mohagheghi, Q. B. Dam, R.H. Alaileh, Giorgos K. Stefopoulos
This paper describes a laboratory setup as the scaled model of a three substation power system. The scaled model has been developed at the Power System Control and Automation Laboratory of Georgia Institute of Technology. Elaborate physical models for the power system components along with high fidelity models for signal generation and interfacing to the laboratory setup are among its unique features. Accurately modeled transmission line modules have been built that truly model the natural asymmetries as well as mutual couplings between the phase/neutral/ground wires. In addition, a highly accurate dynamic model has been developed in software for the synchronous generator that allows for introducing various non-idealities to the power system such as voltage imbalances, voltage harmonics, and frequency/magnitude fluctuations. Multiple metering devices are connected to the scaled model that transmits the real-time measurement to a computer host, which functions as the Human Machine Interface (HMI). All the measurements are GPS-synchronized and are time tagged with an accuracy of 1 µs. Various Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) are connected to the scaled model in order to perform different protection and control functions. The laboratory setup is a multi-vendor environment and is used as an highly accurate experimental platform for various EMS related applications such as performing distributed state estimation based on the Super Calibrator concept, testing the performance of protective relays, testing the accuracy of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs), implementing intelligent alarm processing algorithms, validating the interoperability of various IEDs in a multi-vendor environment, and testing the capabilities and functionalities of a IEC 61850 compatible communication network. In addition, the developed scaled model of the power system can be effectively used as a teaching tool for graduate/undergraduate studies in the field of power systems.
{"title":"A laboratory setup of a power system scaled model for testing and validation of EMS applications","authors":"A. Meliopoulos, G. Cokkinides, S. Mohagheghi, Q. B. Dam, R.H. Alaileh, Giorgos K. Stefopoulos","doi":"10.1109/PTC.2009.5282224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PTC.2009.5282224","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a laboratory setup as the scaled model of a three substation power system. The scaled model has been developed at the Power System Control and Automation Laboratory of Georgia Institute of Technology. Elaborate physical models for the power system components along with high fidelity models for signal generation and interfacing to the laboratory setup are among its unique features. Accurately modeled transmission line modules have been built that truly model the natural asymmetries as well as mutual couplings between the phase/neutral/ground wires. In addition, a highly accurate dynamic model has been developed in software for the synchronous generator that allows for introducing various non-idealities to the power system such as voltage imbalances, voltage harmonics, and frequency/magnitude fluctuations. Multiple metering devices are connected to the scaled model that transmits the real-time measurement to a computer host, which functions as the Human Machine Interface (HMI). All the measurements are GPS-synchronized and are time tagged with an accuracy of 1 µs. Various Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) are connected to the scaled model in order to perform different protection and control functions. The laboratory setup is a multi-vendor environment and is used as an highly accurate experimental platform for various EMS related applications such as performing distributed state estimation based on the Super Calibrator concept, testing the performance of protective relays, testing the accuracy of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs), implementing intelligent alarm processing algorithms, validating the interoperability of various IEDs in a multi-vendor environment, and testing the capabilities and functionalities of a IEC 61850 compatible communication network. In addition, the developed scaled model of the power system can be effectively used as a teaching tool for graduate/undergraduate studies in the field of power systems.","PeriodicalId":441804,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Bucharest PowerTech","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129470889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-10-09DOI: 10.1109/PTC.2009.5281864
M. Pedrasa, E. Spooner, I. MacGill
There is a need to improve the delivery of energy services, and utilizing distributed energy resources offers significant potential. We propose an energy service modeling technique that would capture temporal variations of its demand and value, and differentiate it from the electric energy consumed by the end-use equipment. We then use this technique with a novel energy service simulation platform that aims to maximize the net benefit derived from energy services. The simulation platform creates a strategy for how available distributed resources should be operated in order to provide the desired energy services while minimizing the cost of consumption. The corresponding optimization problem is solved using particle swarm optimization. The simulation platform proved capable of creating an operation schedule that maximizes net benefit under a range of challenging conditions.
{"title":"Improved energy services provision through the intelligent control of distributed energy resources","authors":"M. Pedrasa, E. Spooner, I. MacGill","doi":"10.1109/PTC.2009.5281864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PTC.2009.5281864","url":null,"abstract":"There is a need to improve the delivery of energy services, and utilizing distributed energy resources offers significant potential. We propose an energy service modeling technique that would capture temporal variations of its demand and value, and differentiate it from the electric energy consumed by the end-use equipment. We then use this technique with a novel energy service simulation platform that aims to maximize the net benefit derived from energy services. The simulation platform creates a strategy for how available distributed resources should be operated in order to provide the desired energy services while minimizing the cost of consumption. The corresponding optimization problem is solved using particle swarm optimization. The simulation platform proved capable of creating an operation schedule that maximizes net benefit under a range of challenging conditions.","PeriodicalId":441804,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Bucharest PowerTech","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129538714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：