M. Bargh, R. Hulsebosch, H. Eertink, A. Prasad, Hu Wang, P. Schoo
Improving authentication delay is a key issue for achieving seamless handovers across networks and domains. This paper presents an overview of fast authentication methods when roaming within or across IEEE 802.11 Wireless-LANs. Besides this overview, the paper analyses the applicability of IEEE 802.11f and Seamoby solutions to enable fast authentication for inter-domain handovers. The paper proposes a number of possible changes to these solutions (typically in terms of network architectures and/or required trust relationships) for inter-domain operation. In addition, the paper identifies the crucial research issues therein. Possible solutions and directions for future research include: update to security infrastructure, inter-layer communication and discovery of appropriate networks.
{"title":"Fast authentication methods for handovers between IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs","authors":"M. Bargh, R. Hulsebosch, H. Eertink, A. Prasad, Hu Wang, P. Schoo","doi":"10.1145/1024733.1024741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1024733.1024741","url":null,"abstract":"Improving authentication delay is a key issue for achieving seamless handovers across networks and domains. This paper presents an overview of fast authentication methods when roaming within or across IEEE 802.11 Wireless-LANs. Besides this overview, the paper analyses the applicability of IEEE 802.11f and Seamoby solutions to enable fast authentication for inter-domain handovers. The paper proposes a number of possible changes to these solutions (typically in terms of network architectures and/or required trust relationships) for inter-domain operation. In addition, the paper identifies the crucial research issues therein. Possible solutions and directions for future research include: update to security infrastructure, inter-layer communication and discovery of appropriate networks.","PeriodicalId":441921,"journal":{"name":"Wireless Mobile Applications and Services on WLAN Hotspots","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128445818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wireless networked embedded terminals like personal digital assistants, cell-phones or sensor nodes are typically memory constrained devices. This limitation prevents the development of applications that require a large amount of run-time memory space. In a wired cum wireless scenario, a potentially unlimited amount of virtual memory can be found on remote servers installed on the wired network. However, virtual memory access requires performance constrained and lossless data flows against terminal handover between coverage areas. In this work, we present an infrastructure aimed at providing efficient remote memory access to mobile terminals in a wireless LAN connected to a multi-hop network. The behavior of the infrastructure has been theoretically studied, implemented and tested w.r.t. various traffic conditions and handover events.
{"title":"Proximity services supporting network virtual memory in mobile devices","authors":"E. Lattanzi, A. Acquaviva, A. Bogliolo","doi":"10.1145/1024733.1024749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1024733.1024749","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless networked embedded terminals like personal digital assistants, cell-phones or sensor nodes are typically memory constrained devices. This limitation prevents the development of applications that require a large amount of run-time memory space. In a wired cum wireless scenario, a potentially unlimited amount of virtual memory can be found on remote servers installed on the wired network. However, virtual memory access requires performance constrained and lossless data flows against terminal handover between coverage areas. In this work, we present an infrastructure aimed at providing efficient remote memory access to mobile terminals in a wireless LAN connected to a multi-hop network. The behavior of the infrastructure has been theoretically studied, implemented and tested w.r.t. various traffic conditions and handover events.","PeriodicalId":441921,"journal":{"name":"Wireless Mobile Applications and Services on WLAN Hotspots","volume":"189 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134545296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The widespread deployment of Wi-Fi hotspots and wide area cellular networks opens up the exciting possibility of interoperability between these types of networks. Interoperability allows a mobile device to dynamically use the multiple net-work interfaces available to it so as to maximize user satisfaction and system performance. In this paper, we define three basic user profiles for the network users and demonstrate through simulation studies that dynamic switching on the basis of the user profiles of the mobile devices leads to higher network performance and increased user satisfaction. Careful design of pricing, billing and revenue sharing schemes is necessary to ensure the commercial viability of the multiple service providers involved in an inter-operable network setting. Different pricing and revenue sharing schemes are introduced and analyzed using simulation studies. We also demonstrate how load balancing can improve network performance in an inter-operable network.
{"title":"Interoperability of Wi-Fi hotspots and cellular networks","authors":"D. Joseph, B. S. Manoj, C. Murthy","doi":"10.1145/1024733.1024750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1024733.1024750","url":null,"abstract":"The widespread deployment of Wi-Fi hotspots and wide area cellular networks opens up the exciting possibility of interoperability between these types of networks. Interoperability allows a mobile device to dynamically use the multiple net-work interfaces available to it so as to maximize user satisfaction and system performance. In this paper, we define three basic user profiles for the network users and demonstrate through simulation studies that dynamic switching on the basis of the user profiles of the mobile devices leads to higher network performance and increased user satisfaction. Careful design of pricing, billing and revenue sharing schemes is necessary to ensure the commercial viability of the multiple service providers involved in an inter-operable network setting. Different pricing and revenue sharing schemes are introduced and analyzed using simulation studies. We also demonstrate how load balancing can improve network performance in an inter-operable network.","PeriodicalId":441921,"journal":{"name":"Wireless Mobile Applications and Services on WLAN Hotspots","volume":"308 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123483362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the wide spread growth of mobile computing devices and local area wireless networks, wireless network providers have started to target the users with value-added services based on the users' location information. Thus, location awareness and user tracking in indoor wireless networks has become an increasingly important issue. To address the issue, we have developed LOCATOR, a radio frequency based system for location estimation of users in indoor wireless networks. Our system works by building a radio map of the network site, which involves taking signal strength samples at various points in the wireless network, and then using this radio map, the system estimates the user's current location from the value of his current observed signal strength. Although the use of an RF-based technique for location estimation is not new, but LOCATOR is unique in the way it builds and manages the radio map to process location queries. Moreover, in addition to using ideas of probability to model the problem, we have devised a multi-level clustering based algorithm that work in conjunction with an interpolation scheme for a more efficient and accurate location estimation. We have tested our system on 802.11b wireless network testbeds and have been able to achieve an accuracy of location estimation to within 4 feet of the actual user location with 90% probabilit.
{"title":"LOCATOR: location estimation system For wireless LANs","authors":"Ankur Agiwal, Parakram Khandpur, H. Saran","doi":"10.1145/1024733.1024747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1024733.1024747","url":null,"abstract":"With the wide spread growth of mobile computing devices and local area wireless networks, wireless network providers have started to target the users with value-added services based on the users' location information. Thus, location awareness and user tracking in indoor wireless networks has become an increasingly important issue. To address the issue, we have developed LOCATOR, a radio frequency based system for location estimation of users in indoor wireless networks. Our system works by building a radio map of the network site, which involves taking signal strength samples at various points in the wireless network, and then using this radio map, the system estimates the user's current location from the value of his current observed signal strength. Although the use of an RF-based technique for location estimation is not new, but LOCATOR is unique in the way it builds and manages the radio map to process location queries. Moreover, in addition to using ideas of probability to model the problem, we have devised a multi-level clustering based algorithm that work in conjunction with an interpolation scheme for a more efficient and accurate location estimation. We have tested our system on 802.11b wireless network testbeds and have been able to achieve an accuracy of location estimation to within 4 feet of the actual user location with 90% probabilit.","PeriodicalId":441921,"journal":{"name":"Wireless Mobile Applications and Services on WLAN Hotspots","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131551261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To implement seamless mobility inside an integrated, multiple (e.g. GPRS/WiFi) access system, a vertical handover policy has to be devised. This is usually done at the mobile terminal, allowing it to be customized from a end-user perspective, in order to fit individual needs/preferences. We propose a new approach in taking vertical handover decisions, which are not anymore exclusively based on the knowledge of the available access networks' characteristics but also on higher level parameters which fall in the transport and application layers. To this extent, in this paper a model has been realized and simulations have been run in order to evaluate the impact of the vertical handover and its frequency on a set of typical user's network applications/services. We also take into account the user preferences in terms of cost and quality of service. We believe this approach reflects the optimal settings from the user's point of view with regard to his running services and applications. Our aim is to understand how to define a metric to be used in order to devise a solution which should try to balance the overall cost of vertical handovers with the actual benefits they bring to actual user's networking needs. This way, each mobile user could autonomously apply the handover decision policy which is more convenient to his specific needs.
{"title":"A user-centric analysis of vertical handovers","authors":"Andrea Calvagna, G. Modica","doi":"10.1145/1024733.1024751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1024733.1024751","url":null,"abstract":"To implement seamless mobility inside an integrated, multiple (e.g. GPRS/WiFi) access system, a vertical handover policy has to be devised. This is usually done at the mobile terminal, allowing it to be customized from a end-user perspective, in order to fit individual needs/preferences. We propose a new approach in taking vertical handover decisions, which are not anymore exclusively based on the knowledge of the available access networks' characteristics but also on higher level parameters which fall in the transport and application layers. To this extent, in this paper a model has been realized and simulations have been run in order to evaluate the impact of the vertical handover and its frequency on a set of typical user's network applications/services. We also take into account the user preferences in terms of cost and quality of service. We believe this approach reflects the optimal settings from the user's point of view with regard to his running services and applications. Our aim is to understand how to define a metric to be used in order to devise a solution which should try to balance the overall <i>cost</i> of vertical handovers with the actual benefits they bring to actual user's networking needs. This way, each mobile user could autonomously apply the handover decision policy which is more convenient to his specific needs.","PeriodicalId":441921,"journal":{"name":"Wireless Mobile Applications and Services on WLAN Hotspots","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116928055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We make the case for a Global Confederation of Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Wireless Local Area Networks. A P2P Wireless Network Confederation (P2PWNC) is a community of administrative domains that offer wireless Internet access to each other's registered users. The ubiquitous Internet access that the roaming users of these domains could enjoy compensates for their home domain's cost of providing access to visitors. Existing roaming schemes utilize central authorities or bilateral contracts to control access to resources. In contrast, a P2PWNC forms a pure P2P community in which participating domains are autonomous entities. Domains make independent decisions concerning the amount of bandwidth they contribute. As a result, similarly to existing P2P systems, a P2PWNC will suffer from "free-riding" if no incentive mechanisms exist to ensure that domains offer the amount of resources that is economically justified. Flexible rules on reciprocity can be set to delimit domain actions and encourage domains to provide in order to consume. In this paper, we present several aspects of the P2PWNC requirements and design. We outline several P2PWNC implementation issues relating to user privacy and the confederation's real-world deployment. We also describe the P2PWNC prototype that we developed.
{"title":"A peer-to-peer approach to wireless LAN roaming","authors":"E. C. Efstathiou, George C. Polyzos","doi":"10.1145/941326.941329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/941326.941329","url":null,"abstract":"We make the case for a Global Confederation of Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Wireless Local Area Networks. A P2P Wireless Network Confederation (P2PWNC) is a community of administrative domains that offer wireless Internet access to each other's registered users. The ubiquitous Internet access that the roaming users of these domains could enjoy compensates for their home domain's cost of providing access to visitors. Existing roaming schemes utilize central authorities or bilateral contracts to control access to resources. In contrast, a P2PWNC forms a pure P2P community in which participating domains are autonomous entities. Domains make independent decisions concerning the amount of bandwidth they contribute. As a result, similarly to existing P2P systems, a P2PWNC will suffer from \"free-riding\" if no incentive mechanisms exist to ensure that domains offer the amount of resources that is economically justified. Flexible rules on reciprocity can be set to delimit domain actions and encourage domains to provide in order to consume. In this paper, we present several aspects of the P2PWNC requirements and design. We outline several P2PWNC implementation issues relating to user privacy and the confederation's real-world deployment. We also describe the P2PWNC prototype that we developed.","PeriodicalId":441921,"journal":{"name":"Wireless Mobile Applications and Services on WLAN Hotspots","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132656839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bill N. Schilit, A. LaMarca, G. Borriello, W. Griswold, David W. Mcdonald, Ed Lazowska, Anand Balachandran, Jason I. Hong, Vaughn Iverson
To be widely adopted, location-aware computing must be as effortless, familiar and rewarding as web search tools like Google. We envisage the global scale Place Lab, consisting of an open software base and a community building activity as a way to bootstrap the broad adoption of location-aware computing. The initiative is a laboratory because it will also be a vehicle for research and instruction, especially in the formative stages. The authors draw on their experiences with campus and building-scale location systems to identify the technological and social barriers to a truly ubiquitous deployment. With a grasp of these "barriers to adoption," we present a usage scenario, the problems in realizing this scenario, and how these problems will be addressed. We conclude with a sketch of the multi-organization cooperative being formed to move this effort forward.
{"title":"Challenge: ubiquitous location-aware computing and the \"place lab\" initiative","authors":"Bill N. Schilit, A. LaMarca, G. Borriello, W. Griswold, David W. Mcdonald, Ed Lazowska, Anand Balachandran, Jason I. Hong, Vaughn Iverson","doi":"10.1145/941326.941331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/941326.941331","url":null,"abstract":"To be widely adopted, location-aware computing must be as effortless, familiar and rewarding as web search tools like Google. We envisage the global scale Place Lab, consisting of an open software base and a community building activity as a way to bootstrap the broad adoption of location-aware computing. The initiative is a laboratory because it will also be a vehicle for research and instruction, especially in the formative stages. The authors draw on their experiences with campus and building-scale location systems to identify the technological and social barriers to a truly ubiquitous deployment. With a grasp of these \"barriers to adoption,\" we present a usage scenario, the problems in realizing this scenario, and how these problems will be addressed. We conclude with a sketch of the multi-organization cooperative being formed to move this effort forward.","PeriodicalId":441921,"journal":{"name":"Wireless Mobile Applications and Services on WLAN Hotspots","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125194598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper discusses the evolution of W-LAN starting from the mere extension of LAN services indoors, through the widespread diffusion of outdoors coverage with free and often un-authorized access, to the business models supporting their evolution to public coverage HotSpots. Besides, the idea of Open Access Networks (OANs) going beyond wireless HotSpots to become a shared access infrastructure fostering service operators competition is introduced and discussed.The concept of Open Access Networks (OAN) is detailed, highlighting its difference with the more traditional model of vertical integration of the access network into the global service. Arguing on OANs development, it is shown how to support the quick and smooth evolution of the infrastructure toward a widespread and reliable communication support. References to existing projects, starting from StockholmOpen.net and Wilma are given.Business models are discussed by mentioning the different actors, the market organization and different organization forms.The final part of the paper is devoted to technical challenges such as access control, security, privacy, roaming, resource exploitation and service differentiation.
{"title":"Global growth of open access networks: from warchalking and connection sharing to sustainable business","authors":"R. Battiti, R. Cigno, F. Orava, B. Pehrson","doi":"10.1145/941326.941330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/941326.941330","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the evolution of W-LAN starting from the mere extension of LAN services indoors, through the widespread diffusion of outdoors coverage with free and often un-authorized access, to the business models supporting their evolution to public coverage HotSpots. Besides, the idea of Open Access Networks (OANs) going beyond wireless HotSpots to become a shared access infrastructure fostering service operators competition is introduced and discussed.The concept of Open Access Networks (OAN) is detailed, highlighting its difference with the more traditional model of vertical integration of the access network into the global service. Arguing on OANs development, it is shown how to support the quick and smooth evolution of the infrastructure toward a widespread and reliable communication support. References to existing projects, starting from StockholmOpen.net and Wilma are given.Business models are discussed by mentioning the different actors, the market organization and different organization forms.The final part of the paper is devoted to technical challenges such as access control, security, privacy, roaming, resource exploitation and service differentiation.","PeriodicalId":441921,"journal":{"name":"Wireless Mobile Applications and Services on WLAN Hotspots","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122919415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A wireless LAN (WLAN)-based Internet service, called NESPOT, of Korea Telecom (KT), the biggest telecommunication and Internet service company in Korea, has been operational since early 2002. As the numbers of subscribers and deployed access points (APs) increase, KT has been endeavoring to improve its service quality as well as the network management. In this paper, we introduce a joint effort between Seoul National University (SNU) and KT to achieve it. We have been addressing two major issues as part of the joint project thus far: (1) a unified WLAN management tool; and (2) real-time traffic support enhancement. We present our on-going efforts as well as some preliminary results. Some issues, which need further attention for the future NESPOT service enhancement, are also introduced.
{"title":"Enhancement of a WLAN-based internet service in Korea","authors":"Youngkyu Choi, Jeongyeup Paek, Sunghyun Choi, G. Lee, Jae Hwan Lee, Hanwook Jung","doi":"10.1145/941326.941333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/941326.941333","url":null,"abstract":"A wireless LAN (WLAN)-based Internet service, called NESPOT, of Korea Telecom (KT), the biggest telecommunication and Internet service company in Korea, has been operational since early 2002. As the numbers of subscribers and deployed access points (APs) increase, KT has been endeavoring to improve its service quality as well as the network management. In this paper, we introduce a joint effort between Seoul National University (SNU) and KT to achieve it. We have been addressing two major issues as part of the joint project thus far: (1) a unified WLAN management tool; and (2) real-time traffic support enhancement. We present our on-going efforts as well as some preliminary results. Some issues, which need further attention for the future NESPOT service enhancement, are also introduced.","PeriodicalId":441921,"journal":{"name":"Wireless Mobile Applications and Services on WLAN Hotspots","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116357187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We present a generic business model for WLAN hotspots that comprises a role, resource and revenue model of a value network. We distinguish roles like customer, hotspot provider, hotstpot owner, device owner, device provider, location owner, portal providers (e.g. internet service providers, corporate network providers), enabling service providers (e.g. authentication and authorization), network management and maintenance providers, and mobile and data network providers. In a hotspot enterprise such roles perform certain functions in relation to themselves or to each other: they create internal and external added-value services according to a role model. These services make use of physical, ICT and organizational infrastructure that consists of (in)tangible assets such as location, access devices, networks and expertise of people. In addition, we describe the instantiation of the generic business model into a roaming business case between ProRail - NS Dutch Railways, the University of Twente and KPN - Mobile. The business case describes seamless network level roaming. The bases for the case is formed by an already rolled-out WLAN hotspot network of 600 base stations at the campus of the university and a planned roll-out of a WLAN hotspot along a train trajectory nearby the campus.
{"title":"A generic business model for WLAN hotspots: a roaming business case in The Netherlands","authors":"J. Verhoosel, R. Stap, A. Salden","doi":"10.1145/941326.941339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/941326.941339","url":null,"abstract":"We present a generic business model for WLAN hotspots that comprises a role, resource and revenue model of a value network. We distinguish roles like customer, hotspot provider, hotstpot owner, device owner, device provider, location owner, portal providers (e.g. internet service providers, corporate network providers), enabling service providers (e.g. authentication and authorization), network management and maintenance providers, and mobile and data network providers. In a hotspot enterprise such roles perform certain functions in relation to themselves or to each other: they create internal and external added-value services according to a role model. These services make use of physical, ICT and organizational infrastructure that consists of (in)tangible assets such as location, access devices, networks and expertise of people. In addition, we describe the instantiation of the generic business model into a roaming business case between ProRail - NS Dutch Railways, the University of Twente and KPN - Mobile. The business case describes seamless network level roaming. The bases for the case is formed by an already rolled-out WLAN hotspot network of 600 base stations at the campus of the university and a planned roll-out of a WLAN hotspot along a train trajectory nearby the campus.","PeriodicalId":441921,"journal":{"name":"Wireless Mobile Applications and Services on WLAN Hotspots","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115531011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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