The governance of artificial intelligence (AI) is at a historical juncture. Legislative acts, global treaties, export controls, and technical standards are now dominating the discourse over what used to be a predominantly market-driven space. Amidst all this frenzy, this paper explains why none of these projects will achieve ‘alignment’ of AI with the prospect of a sustainable model of production authentically committed to the rights and freedoms of people and communities. By reflecting on the role of law in consolidating the visions and logics of few multinationals in the global value chains of AI, it warns against the peril of regulating AI without looking at the methods and logistics of its material production. Following a detailed overview of the various (techno-)legal ways through which law enables the flow of materials, capital, and power from Global South to Global North, and from small players to lead firms, the paper concludes with some preliminary thoughts on a transformative agenda for the transnational regulation of infocomputational production.
{"title":"Law and the political economy of AI production","authors":"Petros Terzis","doi":"10.1093/ijlit/eaae001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlit/eaae001","url":null,"abstract":"The governance of artificial intelligence (AI) is at a historical juncture. Legislative acts, global treaties, export controls, and technical standards are now dominating the discourse over what used to be a predominantly market-driven space. Amidst all this frenzy, this paper explains why none of these projects will achieve ‘alignment’ of AI with the prospect of a sustainable model of production authentically committed to the rights and freedoms of people and communities. By reflecting on the role of law in consolidating the visions and logics of few multinationals in the global value chains of AI, it warns against the peril of regulating AI without looking at the methods and logistics of its material production. Following a detailed overview of the various (techno-)legal ways through which law enables the flow of materials, capital, and power from Global South to Global North, and from small players to lead firms, the paper concludes with some preliminary thoughts on a transformative agenda for the transnational regulation of infocomputational production.","PeriodicalId":44278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law and Information Technology","volume":"2016 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139950642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The rise of artificial intelligence (AI) technology presents both opportunities and challenges for the protection of human rights in Bangladesh. While AI has the potential to transform and enhance many areas of society, including healthcare, education, and business, it also raises significant ethical and legal questions that require careful consideration. This paper explores the current state of AI technology in Bangladesh and examines the potential impact on human rights, particularly in the areas of privacy, discrimination, and freedom of expression. The paper argues that while AI can be a valuable tool for promoting human rights, it can also exacerbate existing inequalities and create new forms of discrimination. To ensure that AI is used in a way that upholds human rights, the paper calls for the development of robust legal and ethical frameworks to regulate the use of AI technology. The paper proposes several recommendations for achieving this goal, including the establishment of clear ethical guidelines for the development and deployment of AI systems, the creation of a regulatory body to oversee AI technology in Bangladesh, and the use of impact assessments to identify potential risks and harms associated with AI systems. Overall, the paper emphasizes the need for a collaborative and interdisciplinary approach to addressing the legal and ethical challenges posed by AI technology in Bangladesh. By taking a proactive and holistic approach, Bangladesh can ensure that AI is developed and used in a way that respects and promotes human rights, rather than undermining them. The paper concludes by stressing the importance of ongoing research and dialogue on this critical topic to inform and guide policy and decision-making in the future.
{"title":"AI and the future of human rights in Bangladesh: a call for robust legal and ethical frameworks","authors":"Shadab Bin Ashraf, Md Masrur Islam","doi":"10.1093/ijlit/eaae002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlit/eaae002","url":null,"abstract":"The rise of artificial intelligence (AI) technology presents both opportunities and challenges for the protection of human rights in Bangladesh. While AI has the potential to transform and enhance many areas of society, including healthcare, education, and business, it also raises significant ethical and legal questions that require careful consideration. This paper explores the current state of AI technology in Bangladesh and examines the potential impact on human rights, particularly in the areas of privacy, discrimination, and freedom of expression. The paper argues that while AI can be a valuable tool for promoting human rights, it can also exacerbate existing inequalities and create new forms of discrimination. To ensure that AI is used in a way that upholds human rights, the paper calls for the development of robust legal and ethical frameworks to regulate the use of AI technology. The paper proposes several recommendations for achieving this goal, including the establishment of clear ethical guidelines for the development and deployment of AI systems, the creation of a regulatory body to oversee AI technology in Bangladesh, and the use of impact assessments to identify potential risks and harms associated with AI systems. Overall, the paper emphasizes the need for a collaborative and interdisciplinary approach to addressing the legal and ethical challenges posed by AI technology in Bangladesh. By taking a proactive and holistic approach, Bangladesh can ensure that AI is developed and used in a way that respects and promotes human rights, rather than undermining them. The paper concludes by stressing the importance of ongoing research and dialogue on this critical topic to inform and guide policy and decision-making in the future.","PeriodicalId":44278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law and Information Technology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139770416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Journal Article Digital Death, Digital Assets and Post-Mortem Privacy, By Edina Harbinja Get access Digital Death, Digital Assets and Post-Mortem Privacy by Edina HarbinjaEdinburgh, 2023, ISBN-13: 978-1-4744-8536-4, 272, £85.00. David Oliver Erdos David Oliver Erdos Faculty of Law, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom doe20@cam.ac.uk https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7615-5736 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Journal of Law and Information Technology, eaad025, https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlit/eaad025 Published: 19 October 2023
期刊文章《数字死亡、数字资产和死后隐私》，作者:Edina Harbinja。获取《数字死亡、数字资产和死后隐私》，作者:Edina Harbinja，爱丁堡，2023,ISBN-13: 978-1-4744-8536- 4,272, 85英镑。David Oliver Erdos David Oliver Erdos英国剑桥大学法律系doe20@cam.ac.uk https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7615-5736搜索作者其他著作:牛津学术谷歌学者国际法律与信息技术杂志，eaad025, https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlit/eaad025出版日期:2023年10月19日
{"title":"Digital Death, Digital Assets and Post-Mortem Privacy, By Edina Harbinja","authors":"David Oliver Erdos","doi":"10.1093/ijlit/eaad025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlit/eaad025","url":null,"abstract":"Journal Article Digital Death, Digital Assets and Post-Mortem Privacy, By Edina Harbinja Get access Digital Death, Digital Assets and Post-Mortem Privacy by Edina HarbinjaEdinburgh, 2023, ISBN-13: 978-1-4744-8536-4, 272, £85.00. David Oliver Erdos David Oliver Erdos Faculty of Law, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom doe20@cam.ac.uk https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7615-5736 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Journal of Law and Information Technology, eaad025, https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlit/eaad025 Published: 19 October 2023","PeriodicalId":44278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law and Information Technology","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135666729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Katie Logos, Russell Brewer, Colette Langos, Bryce Westlake
Abstract The Internet has become an increasingly attractive location for collecting data about cyber threats, driven by the abundance of quality data available and accessible online. As such, researchers and practitioners have turned to automated data collection technologies (ADCT), including ‘web crawlers’ and ‘web scrapers’, to study these threats. The rapid proliferation of ADCT has meant directions for their ethical and legal operation have been slow to adapt, with no clear guidelines regulating their use for research. This article identifies the relevant ethical and legal frameworks guiding the deployment of ADCT in Australia for cybersecurity research. This is accomplished through a systematic review of research within this context, coupled with ethical and jurisprudential analysis. We argue that the use of ADCT can be both ethical and legal, but only where mitigating measures are implemented. We provide a series of practical directions to guide researchers and practitioners when navigating this novel terrain.
{"title":"Establishing a framework for the ethical and legal use of web scrapers by cybercrime and cybersecurity researchers: learnings from a systematic review of Australian research","authors":"Katie Logos, Russell Brewer, Colette Langos, Bryce Westlake","doi":"10.1093/ijlit/eaad023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlit/eaad023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Internet has become an increasingly attractive location for collecting data about cyber threats, driven by the abundance of quality data available and accessible online. As such, researchers and practitioners have turned to automated data collection technologies (ADCT), including ‘web crawlers’ and ‘web scrapers’, to study these threats. The rapid proliferation of ADCT has meant directions for their ethical and legal operation have been slow to adapt, with no clear guidelines regulating their use for research. This article identifies the relevant ethical and legal frameworks guiding the deployment of ADCT in Australia for cybersecurity research. This is accomplished through a systematic review of research within this context, coupled with ethical and jurisprudential analysis. We argue that the use of ADCT can be both ethical and legal, but only where mitigating measures are implemented. We provide a series of practical directions to guide researchers and practitioners when navigating this novel terrain.","PeriodicalId":44278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law and Information Technology","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135481754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The EU data economy’s growth hinges on access to extensive data, with open banking initiatives encouraging data sharing in the financial services industry. Artificial intelligence (AI)-driven tools play a vital role in harnessing the potential of this data, but training these systems carries inherent risks, including the introduction of new or the perpetuation of existing biases. This article examines the role of the European Financial Data Space (EFDS) in AI training, using consumer creditworthiness evaluation as a case study. It investigates whether the EFDS facilitates responsible AI development, considering data protection concerns like legal basis, transparency and control. The objective is to enhance the regulatory proposal for the EFDS, ensuring a well-founded legal framework for utilizing AI responsibly in the financial sector within the broader context of European Data Spaces.
{"title":"Can the European Financial Data Space remove bias in financial AI development? Opportunities and regulatory challenges","authors":"Andrés Chomczyk Penedo, Pablo Trigo Kramcsák","doi":"10.1093/ijlit/eaad020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlit/eaad020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The EU data economy’s growth hinges on access to extensive data, with open banking initiatives encouraging data sharing in the financial services industry. Artificial intelligence (AI)-driven tools play a vital role in harnessing the potential of this data, but training these systems carries inherent risks, including the introduction of new or the perpetuation of existing biases. This article examines the role of the European Financial Data Space (EFDS) in AI training, using consumer creditworthiness evaluation as a case study. It investigates whether the EFDS facilitates responsible AI development, considering data protection concerns like legal basis, transparency and control. The objective is to enhance the regulatory proposal for the EFDS, ensuring a well-founded legal framework for utilizing AI responsibly in the financial sector within the broader context of European Data Spaces.","PeriodicalId":44278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law and Information Technology","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135344524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This article adds to the debate on what, legally speaking, smart contracts are and what they should be. Currently, much of this debate focuses on the relationship between smart contracts and legal contracts, overlooking that other legal categories may also be appropriate. This article suggests that the concept of abandonment can be fruitfully applied to smart contracts. Using the concept of abandonment has the advantage of allowing smart contracts, as close as legally possible, to be utilized as machines (or using the terminology suggested by Vitalik Buterin, founder of Etherium, as a ‘persistent script’). It would also make other issues, like the interpretation of smart contracts, easier to deal with. The argument is not that smart contracts can never be legal contracts; rather, it is suggested that, prima facie, users should have the choice of utilizing smart contracts as legal contracts or as machines.
{"title":"A non-contractual approach to smart contracts","authors":"Florian Gamper","doi":"10.1093/ijlit/eaad021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlit/eaad021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article adds to the debate on what, legally speaking, smart contracts are and what they should be. Currently, much of this debate focuses on the relationship between smart contracts and legal contracts, overlooking that other legal categories may also be appropriate. This article suggests that the concept of abandonment can be fruitfully applied to smart contracts. Using the concept of abandonment has the advantage of allowing smart contracts, as close as legally possible, to be utilized as machines (or using the terminology suggested by Vitalik Buterin, founder of Etherium, as a ‘persistent script’). It would also make other issues, like the interpretation of smart contracts, easier to deal with. The argument is not that smart contracts can never be legal contracts; rather, it is suggested that, prima facie, users should have the choice of utilizing smart contracts as legal contracts or as machines.","PeriodicalId":44278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law and Information Technology","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136376028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract With the availability of broadband internet and a significant increase in storage capacity, people are sharing a dynamically growing amount of multimedia content on video-sharing platforms, including sexually explicit content. While sexual content on the internet is not illegal per se and remains in the domain of economic services, there are certain forms of sexually explicit content that are criminally unlawful, such as child pornography or non-consensual pornography. This article explores why the current business-oriented regulatory environment fails to provide effective tools to combat illegal sexual content: first, from the perspective of content moderation on video-sharing platforms, and then from the perspective of substantive criminal law. After mapping the gaps in policy at all levels of content regulation, the article offers recommendations to address these issues, open up a policy debate and influence policy makers.
{"title":"An elephant in the room—EU policy gaps in the regulation of moderating illegal sexual content on video-sharing platforms","authors":"Kinga Sorbán","doi":"10.1093/ijlit/eaad024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlit/eaad024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract With the availability of broadband internet and a significant increase in storage capacity, people are sharing a dynamically growing amount of multimedia content on video-sharing platforms, including sexually explicit content. While sexual content on the internet is not illegal per se and remains in the domain of economic services, there are certain forms of sexually explicit content that are criminally unlawful, such as child pornography or non-consensual pornography. This article explores why the current business-oriented regulatory environment fails to provide effective tools to combat illegal sexual content: first, from the perspective of content moderation on video-sharing platforms, and then from the perspective of substantive criminal law. After mapping the gaps in policy at all levels of content regulation, the article offers recommendations to address these issues, open up a policy debate and influence policy makers.","PeriodicalId":44278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law and Information Technology","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134909945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract One of the biggest challenges of implementing value-added tax (VAT) collection on cross-border digital goods and services is the compliance with World Trade Organization (WTO) obligations. The lack of a clear distinction between goods and services in the WTO agreements and divergent classifications adopted by states have led to fragmented and inconsistent VAT collection, potentially creating trade barriers in international e-commerce. This article analyses various approaches to classify goods and services including technological neutrality and tradability. It also uses the modernization of Thailand’s VAT system as a case study to demonstrate the complexity of categorizing digital goods and services for VAT enforcement in international e-commerce. It finds that technological neutrality and tradability are key criteria to separate digital goods from e-services for the proper implementation of WTO obligations. The article concludes with remarks on the correlation between categorizing digital goods and services in VAT collection and protectionism in cross-border e-commerce.
{"title":"The boundary between digital goods and E-services in cross-border E-commerce and implication for non-discrimination under the WTO system","authors":"Papawadee Tanodomdej","doi":"10.1093/ijlit/eaad022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlit/eaad022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract One of the biggest challenges of implementing value-added tax (VAT) collection on cross-border digital goods and services is the compliance with World Trade Organization (WTO) obligations. The lack of a clear distinction between goods and services in the WTO agreements and divergent classifications adopted by states have led to fragmented and inconsistent VAT collection, potentially creating trade barriers in international e-commerce. This article analyses various approaches to classify goods and services including technological neutrality and tradability. It also uses the modernization of Thailand’s VAT system as a case study to demonstrate the complexity of categorizing digital goods and services for VAT enforcement in international e-commerce. It finds that technological neutrality and tradability are key criteria to separate digital goods from e-services for the proper implementation of WTO obligations. The article concludes with remarks on the correlation between categorizing digital goods and services in VAT collection and protectionism in cross-border e-commerce.","PeriodicalId":44278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law and Information Technology","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135552153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Journal Article We, the Robots? Regulating Artificial Intelligence and the Limits of the Law Get access We, the Robots? Regulating Artificial Intelligence and the Limits of the Lawby Simon Chesterman (ed), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2021, ISBN: 9781009047081, 289 pp. Matúš Mesarčík Matúš Mesarčík Faculty of Law, Institute of Information Technology Law and Intellectual Property Law, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia E-mail:matus.mesarcik@flaw.uniba.sk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Journal of Law and Information Technology, eaad018, https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlit/eaad018 Published: 08 September 2023
{"title":"We, the Robots? Regulating Artificial Intelligence and the Limits of the Law","authors":"Matúš Mesarčík","doi":"10.1093/ijlit/eaad018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlit/eaad018","url":null,"abstract":"Journal Article We, the Robots? Regulating Artificial Intelligence and the Limits of the Law Get access We, the Robots? Regulating Artificial Intelligence and the Limits of the Lawby Simon Chesterman (ed), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2021, ISBN: 9781009047081, 289 pp. Matúš Mesarčík Matúš Mesarčík Faculty of Law, Institute of Information Technology Law and Intellectual Property Law, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia E-mail:matus.mesarcik@flaw.uniba.sk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Journal of Law and Information Technology, eaad018, https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlit/eaad018 Published: 08 September 2023","PeriodicalId":44278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law and Information Technology","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136298464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Journal Article The Equality Machine: Harnessing Digital Technology for a Brighter, More Inclusive Future, by Orly Lobel Get access The Equality Machine: Harnessing Digital Technology for a Brighter, More Inclusive Futureby Orly LobelPublicAffairs, 2022, ISBN: 978-1-541-77475-9, 352 pp, US$30.00. Jorge L Contreras Jorge L Contreras University of Utah S.J. Quinney College of Law, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA E-mail: jorge.contreras@law.utah.edu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7899-3060 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Journal of Law and Information Technology, eaad019, https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlit/eaad019 Published: 31 August 2023
{"title":"The Equality Machine: Harnessing Digital Technology for a Brighter, More Inclusive Future, by Orly Lobel","authors":"Jorge L Contreras","doi":"10.1093/ijlit/eaad019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlit/eaad019","url":null,"abstract":"Journal Article The Equality Machine: Harnessing Digital Technology for a Brighter, More Inclusive Future, by Orly Lobel Get access The Equality Machine: Harnessing Digital Technology for a Brighter, More Inclusive Futureby Orly LobelPublicAffairs, 2022, ISBN: 978-1-541-77475-9, 352 pp, US$30.00. Jorge L Contreras Jorge L Contreras University of Utah S.J. Quinney College of Law, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA E-mail: jorge.contreras@law.utah.edu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7899-3060 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Journal of Law and Information Technology, eaad019, https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlit/eaad019 Published: 31 August 2023","PeriodicalId":44278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law and Information Technology","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135830455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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