Pub Date : 2021-12-06DOI: 10.1109/SOFTT54252.2021.9673140
Iswahyudi Hidayat, Linda Meylani, A. Kurniawan, M. S. Arifianto, K. Anwar
Codebook design is an important factor determining the performance of sparse code multiple access (SCMA) systems. By properly designing the mother constellation, a codebook will be obtained for each user on the SCMA system. In this paper, we investigate mother constellation for SCMA system having capability of multi user detection $Q$. Two types of constellation are used in this paper, line constellation, where symbols/codebooks owned by each user are distinguished by amplitude, and square constellation, where symbols/codebooks owned by each user are distinguished by phase. Simulation results confirmed that line constellation has better bit error rate (BER) performances compare to square constellation at $L=2$. Higher $L$ in MUD $Q$ needs higher signal to Noise Ratio (BER) to obtain same BER.
{"title":"Investigating Mother Constellation of SCMA Systems Having Capability of Multiuser Detection","authors":"Iswahyudi Hidayat, Linda Meylani, A. Kurniawan, M. S. Arifianto, K. Anwar","doi":"10.1109/SOFTT54252.2021.9673140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SOFTT54252.2021.9673140","url":null,"abstract":"Codebook design is an important factor determining the performance of sparse code multiple access (SCMA) systems. By properly designing the mother constellation, a codebook will be obtained for each user on the SCMA system. In this paper, we investigate mother constellation for SCMA system having capability of multi user detection $Q$. Two types of constellation are used in this paper, line constellation, where symbols/codebooks owned by each user are distinguished by amplitude, and square constellation, where symbols/codebooks owned by each user are distinguished by phase. Simulation results confirmed that line constellation has better bit error rate (BER) performances compare to square constellation at $L=2$. Higher $L$ in MUD $Q$ needs higher signal to Noise Ratio (BER) to obtain same BER.","PeriodicalId":443155,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Symposium On Future Telecommunication Technologies (SOFTT)","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117146926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-06DOI: 10.1109/SOFTT54252.2021.9673152
Salma Badawi Mohammed Ahmed, Syed Aamer Hussain, L. Latiff, N. Ahmad, S. Sam
In the case of disaster, communication networks may be damaged partly or totally. In such a situation, rescue operations require a quickly deployable communication system to save lives. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are considered adaptable and quick-to-deploy communication mesh in catastro-phe situations. To amend the efficiency of the UAV mesh, which is also called Flying Ad-hoc Network(FANET), it is essential to deal with the problems that might contribute to poor performance. One of the most difficult challenges is data routing from the source to the destination. This paper analyze the efficiency of routing protocols namely, AODV, DSR, OLSR and ZRP in disaster scenarios to evaluate the performance of FANET. Using the Netsim simulator, simulation-based testing is carried out, and it is shown that AODV and OLSR work effectively in disaster scenarios in FANETs' dynamic environments.
{"title":"Performance Evaluation of FANET Routing Protocols in Disaster Scenarios","authors":"Salma Badawi Mohammed Ahmed, Syed Aamer Hussain, L. Latiff, N. Ahmad, S. Sam","doi":"10.1109/SOFTT54252.2021.9673152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SOFTT54252.2021.9673152","url":null,"abstract":"In the case of disaster, communication networks may be damaged partly or totally. In such a situation, rescue operations require a quickly deployable communication system to save lives. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are considered adaptable and quick-to-deploy communication mesh in catastro-phe situations. To amend the efficiency of the UAV mesh, which is also called Flying Ad-hoc Network(FANET), it is essential to deal with the problems that might contribute to poor performance. One of the most difficult challenges is data routing from the source to the destination. This paper analyze the efficiency of routing protocols namely, AODV, DSR, OLSR and ZRP in disaster scenarios to evaluate the performance of FANET. Using the Netsim simulator, simulation-based testing is carried out, and it is shown that AODV and OLSR work effectively in disaster scenarios in FANETs' dynamic environments.","PeriodicalId":443155,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Symposium On Future Telecommunication Technologies (SOFTT)","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128221842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-06DOI: 10.1109/SOFTT54252.2021.9673151
K. Anwar, Mujib Ramadhan, A. Trisetyarso
This paper proposes short but high rate quantum codes, derived from the classical accumulate codes, having capability of correcting multiple errors simultaneously. The high coding rate is obtained from k = 2 with minimum blocklength n, but still satisfying both Singletone and Hamming bounds to have error correction capability of t = 2 qubits, We perform an intensive computer search to find the best matrix of parity check that match with the accumulator matrix to provide zero simplectic inner product (SIP) mod 2. We found that it is difficult to obtain a perfect parity check matrix that provide zero diagonal element in SIP to guarantee completely unique syndromes. However, since it may be difficult, we also present in this paper a theoretical quantum word error rate (QWER), when some syndromes do not have unique values to identify the quantum errors of X, Z, and Y. The results in this paper are expected to provide groundbreaking foundation on the development of high rate quantum codes with $kgeq 2$, especially for short blocklength.
{"title":"Short Quantum Accumulate Codes with High Rate and Multiple Error Corrections Capability","authors":"K. Anwar, Mujib Ramadhan, A. Trisetyarso","doi":"10.1109/SOFTT54252.2021.9673151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SOFTT54252.2021.9673151","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes short but high rate quantum codes, derived from the classical accumulate codes, having capability of correcting multiple errors simultaneously. The high coding rate is obtained from k = 2 with minimum blocklength n, but still satisfying both Singletone and Hamming bounds to have error correction capability of t = 2 qubits, We perform an intensive computer search to find the best matrix of parity check that match with the accumulator matrix to provide zero simplectic inner product (SIP) mod 2. We found that it is difficult to obtain a perfect parity check matrix that provide zero diagonal element in SIP to guarantee completely unique syndromes. However, since it may be difficult, we also present in this paper a theoretical quantum word error rate (QWER), when some syndromes do not have unique values to identify the quantum errors of X, Z, and Y. The results in this paper are expected to provide groundbreaking foundation on the development of high rate quantum codes with $kgeq 2$, especially for short blocklength.","PeriodicalId":443155,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Symposium On Future Telecommunication Technologies (SOFTT)","volume":"77 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130652376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-06DOI: 10.1109/SOFTT54252.2021.9673150
Shubhangi Bhadauria, L. Ravichandran, Elke Roth-Mandutz, Georg Fischer
Autonomous driving requires Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication as standardized in the 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP). Diverse use cases and service types are foreseen to be supported, including safety-critical use cases, e.g., lane merging and cooperative collision avoidance. Each service type's quality of service (QoS) requirements vary enormously regarding latency, reliability, data rates, and positioning accuracy. In this paper, we analyze and evaluate the performance of a QoS-aware decentralized resource allocation scheme using first, a single-agent reinforcement learning (SARL) and second, a multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) approach. In addition, the impact of multiple vehicular user equipments (V-UEs) supporting one and multiple services are considered. The QoS parameter considered here is the latency and the relative distance between the communicating V-UEs, which is mapped on the Priority to reflect the required packet delay budget (PDB). The goal is to maximize the throughput of all V2N links while meeting the V2V link's latency constraint of the supported service. The results based on a system-level simulation for an urban scenario show that MARL improves the throughput for V-UEs set up for single and multiple services compared to SARL. However, for latency SARL indicates advantages at least when multiple services per V-UE apply.
{"title":"QoS based Multi-Agent vs. Single-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning for V2X Resource Allocation","authors":"Shubhangi Bhadauria, L. Ravichandran, Elke Roth-Mandutz, Georg Fischer","doi":"10.1109/SOFTT54252.2021.9673150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SOFTT54252.2021.9673150","url":null,"abstract":"Autonomous driving requires Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication as standardized in the 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP). Diverse use cases and service types are foreseen to be supported, including safety-critical use cases, e.g., lane merging and cooperative collision avoidance. Each service type's quality of service (QoS) requirements vary enormously regarding latency, reliability, data rates, and positioning accuracy. In this paper, we analyze and evaluate the performance of a QoS-aware decentralized resource allocation scheme using first, a single-agent reinforcement learning (SARL) and second, a multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) approach. In addition, the impact of multiple vehicular user equipments (V-UEs) supporting one and multiple services are considered. The QoS parameter considered here is the latency and the relative distance between the communicating V-UEs, which is mapped on the Priority to reflect the required packet delay budget (PDB). The goal is to maximize the throughput of all V2N links while meeting the V2V link's latency constraint of the supported service. The results based on a system-level simulation for an urban scenario show that MARL improves the throughput for V-UEs set up for single and multiple services compared to SARL. However, for latency SARL indicates advantages at least when multiple services per V-UE apply.","PeriodicalId":443155,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Symposium On Future Telecommunication Technologies (SOFTT)","volume":"90 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114023117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-06DOI: 10.1109/SOFTT54252.2021.9673141
Muhammad Idham Habibie, J. Hamie, C. Goursaud
To support multiple transmissions in an optical fiber, several techniques have been studied such as Optical Code Division Multiple Access (OCDMA). In particular, the incoherent OCDMA systems are appreciated for their sim-plicity and reduced cost. However, they suffer from Multiple Access Interference (MAI), which degrades the performances. In order to cope with this MAI, several detectors have been studied. Among them, the Maximum Likelihood (ML) detector is the optimal one but it suffers from high complexity as all possibilities have to be tested prior to decision. However, thanks to the recent quantum computing advances, the complexity problem can be circumvented. As a matter of fact, quantum algorithms, such as Grover, exploit the superposition states in the quantum domain to accelerate the computation. Thus, in this paper, we propose to adapt the quantum Grover's algorithm in the context of Multi-User Detection (MUD), in an OCDMA system using non-orthogonal codes. We propose a way to adapt the received noisy signal to the constraints defined by Grover's algorithm. We further evaluate the probability of success in detecting the active users for different noise levels. Aside from the complexity reduction, simulations show that our proposal has a high probability of detection when the received signal is not highly altered. We show the benefits of our proposal compared to the classical and the optimal ML detector.
{"title":"Adaptation of Grover's Quantum Algorithm to Multiuser Detection in an OCDMA System","authors":"Muhammad Idham Habibie, J. Hamie, C. Goursaud","doi":"10.1109/SOFTT54252.2021.9673141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SOFTT54252.2021.9673141","url":null,"abstract":"To support multiple transmissions in an optical fiber, several techniques have been studied such as Optical Code Division Multiple Access (OCDMA). In particular, the incoherent OCDMA systems are appreciated for their sim-plicity and reduced cost. However, they suffer from Multiple Access Interference (MAI), which degrades the performances. In order to cope with this MAI, several detectors have been studied. Among them, the Maximum Likelihood (ML) detector is the optimal one but it suffers from high complexity as all possibilities have to be tested prior to decision. However, thanks to the recent quantum computing advances, the complexity problem can be circumvented. As a matter of fact, quantum algorithms, such as Grover, exploit the superposition states in the quantum domain to accelerate the computation. Thus, in this paper, we propose to adapt the quantum Grover's algorithm in the context of Multi-User Detection (MUD), in an OCDMA system using non-orthogonal codes. We propose a way to adapt the received noisy signal to the constraints defined by Grover's algorithm. We further evaluate the probability of success in detecting the active users for different noise levels. Aside from the complexity reduction, simulations show that our proposal has a high probability of detection when the received signal is not highly altered. We show the benefits of our proposal compared to the classical and the optimal ML detector.","PeriodicalId":443155,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Symposium On Future Telecommunication Technologies (SOFTT)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114875453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-06DOI: 10.1109/SOFTT54252.2021.9673516
Y. Rahayu, Irfan Alwandi Pohan
The fifth-generation (5G) telecommunications technology has been implemented in Indonesia in June 2021. Its implementation is only limited to certain urban areas and does not cover the entire territory of Indonesia. Therefore, to support optimal results when implemented in Pekanbaru City, 38 GHz channel modeling needs to be done. The 38 GHz frequency is one of the recommended frequencies for 5G. In the channel modeling, geographical parameters such as temperature, humidity, air pressure, rainfall are important input parameters. This is because each region has different geographical parameters so that it will produce different canal modeling as well. This channel modeling uses NYUSIM as a tool to generate parameters such as Path Loss (PL), Power Delay Profile (PDP), Angle of Arrival (AOA), and Angle of Departure (AOD). The scenario chosen was Urban Microcell (UMi) with Line of Sight (LOS) and Non-Line of Sight (NLOS) conditions. The results obtained that the Path Loss value for NLOS is higher than the Path Loss value under LOS conditions, the directional PDP value for the received power is higher than the omnidirectional PDP value, and the PDP directional standard deviation is smaller than the omnidirectional PDP
{"title":"38 GHz Channel Modeling for 5G Communication at Pekanbaru City","authors":"Y. Rahayu, Irfan Alwandi Pohan","doi":"10.1109/SOFTT54252.2021.9673516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SOFTT54252.2021.9673516","url":null,"abstract":"The fifth-generation (5G) telecommunications technology has been implemented in Indonesia in June 2021. Its implementation is only limited to certain urban areas and does not cover the entire territory of Indonesia. Therefore, to support optimal results when implemented in Pekanbaru City, 38 GHz channel modeling needs to be done. The 38 GHz frequency is one of the recommended frequencies for 5G. In the channel modeling, geographical parameters such as temperature, humidity, air pressure, rainfall are important input parameters. This is because each region has different geographical parameters so that it will produce different canal modeling as well. This channel modeling uses NYUSIM as a tool to generate parameters such as Path Loss (PL), Power Delay Profile (PDP), Angle of Arrival (AOA), and Angle of Departure (AOD). The scenario chosen was Urban Microcell (UMi) with Line of Sight (LOS) and Non-Line of Sight (NLOS) conditions. The results obtained that the Path Loss value for NLOS is higher than the Path Loss value under LOS conditions, the directional PDP value for the received power is higher than the omnidirectional PDP value, and the PDP directional standard deviation is smaller than the omnidirectional PDP","PeriodicalId":443155,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Symposium On Future Telecommunication Technologies (SOFTT)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123317464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-06DOI: 10.1109/SOFTT54252.2021.9673513
Khoirul Anwar, Mawaddah Hasan
Magnetic hyperthermia is a type of cancer treat-ment using a magnetic nanoparticle drug carrier to transform external electromagnetic energy into induction heating in the targeted tumor region. This paper investigates passive molecular communication via diffusion channels using a series of computer simulations to calculate the number of receive molecules and bit-error-rate (BER) performance to indicate the quality of the communication. After the reception of the molecules in the targeted tumor, the simulation of magnetic hyperthermia with various parameters include the shape, size, coating material, and thickness of the nanoparticle using COMSOL to calculate the highest achievable temperature, distribution of bioheat, and the amount of damage area regarding the surrounding healthy tissue. We found that: (i) sufficient parameters, such as distance between the transmitter and the receiver, number of emitting molecules, threshold at the receiver, and diffusion coefficient influence the error probability, (ii) binary Molecular Shift Keying (BMoSK) modulation produces better BER performances than that of Binary Concentration Shift Keying (BCSK) modulation, and (iii) the proposed G-protein coating for the magnetic nanoparticle performs the same behavior as the polymer that provide the highest achievable temperature, evenly distributed bioheat, and decreases the amount of damage on the healthy tissue region.
{"title":"Magnetic Hyperthermia using G-Protein Coating in Molecular Communications","authors":"Khoirul Anwar, Mawaddah Hasan","doi":"10.1109/SOFTT54252.2021.9673513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SOFTT54252.2021.9673513","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetic hyperthermia is a type of cancer treat-ment using a magnetic nanoparticle drug carrier to transform external electromagnetic energy into induction heating in the targeted tumor region. This paper investigates passive molecular communication via diffusion channels using a series of computer simulations to calculate the number of receive molecules and bit-error-rate (BER) performance to indicate the quality of the communication. After the reception of the molecules in the targeted tumor, the simulation of magnetic hyperthermia with various parameters include the shape, size, coating material, and thickness of the nanoparticle using COMSOL to calculate the highest achievable temperature, distribution of bioheat, and the amount of damage area regarding the surrounding healthy tissue. We found that: (i) sufficient parameters, such as distance between the transmitter and the receiver, number of emitting molecules, threshold at the receiver, and diffusion coefficient influence the error probability, (ii) binary Molecular Shift Keying (BMoSK) modulation produces better BER performances than that of Binary Concentration Shift Keying (BCSK) modulation, and (iii) the proposed G-protein coating for the magnetic nanoparticle performs the same behavior as the polymer that provide the highest achievable temperature, evenly distributed bioheat, and decreases the amount of damage on the healthy tissue region.","PeriodicalId":443155,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Symposium On Future Telecommunication Technologies (SOFTT)","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124812172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-06DOI: 10.1109/SOFTT54252.2021.9673149
Arfa Chalida Izhar Friswara, Khoirul Anwar, Levy Olivia Nur
The conventional anti-radar technology based on absorber can only work on a single frequency causing an anti-radar system can still detect when another frequency is used. This paper proposes an active anti-radar technology based on absorber working on multiple frequencies for flying objects, such as drones, missiles, and aircraft, by absorbing any radar signals with multiple frequencies. The absorber is a coating metamaterial on the surface of flying devices consisting of square metamaterial and varactor diode to absorb radar signals. This paper considers Active Frequency Selective Surface (AFSS) for designing absorber patch and simulates using a series of com-puter simulations. The simulation results show that absorption of signals with several frequency is possible with an absorption rate of more than 90 %, which is indicating that absorption of radar signals with multiple frequencies is possible and promising.
{"title":"Multiple Frequencies Signal Absorber for Anti-Radar Applications in High Speed Flying Devices","authors":"Arfa Chalida Izhar Friswara, Khoirul Anwar, Levy Olivia Nur","doi":"10.1109/SOFTT54252.2021.9673149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SOFTT54252.2021.9673149","url":null,"abstract":"The conventional anti-radar technology based on absorber can only work on a single frequency causing an anti-radar system can still detect when another frequency is used. This paper proposes an active anti-radar technology based on absorber working on multiple frequencies for flying objects, such as drones, missiles, and aircraft, by absorbing any radar signals with multiple frequencies. The absorber is a coating metamaterial on the surface of flying devices consisting of square metamaterial and varactor diode to absorb radar signals. This paper considers Active Frequency Selective Surface (AFSS) for designing absorber patch and simulates using a series of com-puter simulations. The simulation results show that absorption of signals with several frequency is possible with an absorption rate of more than 90 %, which is indicating that absorption of radar signals with multiple frequencies is possible and promising.","PeriodicalId":443155,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Symposium On Future Telecommunication Technologies (SOFTT)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125240867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-06DOI: 10.1109/SOFTT54252.2021.9673515
Melinda Br Ginting, Khoirul Anwar, Dick Maryopi
Quantum technology has been considered as one of the key enablers for the sixth-generation (6G) wireless commu-nication systems. Since we rely on vulnerable quantum states, the main challenge in quantum communication is to compute and send information in a reliable manner, which requires highly reliable quantum error corrections (QEC) with high fidelity. This paper proposes counter-clockwise standard forms to construct quantum surface codes for arbitrary surface forms. We show that our procedure can give result to the same codes as the currently available quantum surface codes. We investigate the matrix generated from Roffe $[[5,1,2]]$ quantum surface codes and compare to that of the proposed $[[5,1,2]]$ quantum surface codes. We perform a series of computer simulations to evaluate the codes in terms of quantum word error rate (QWER) under depolarizing channel model. Our results confirm that we can construct good performance quantum surface codes using counter-clockwise standard forms that helps the design of any arbitrary forms of quantum surface codes.
{"title":"Constructing Quantum Surface Codes for Arbitrary Surface Forms","authors":"Melinda Br Ginting, Khoirul Anwar, Dick Maryopi","doi":"10.1109/SOFTT54252.2021.9673515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SOFTT54252.2021.9673515","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum technology has been considered as one of the key enablers for the sixth-generation (6G) wireless commu-nication systems. Since we rely on vulnerable quantum states, the main challenge in quantum communication is to compute and send information in a reliable manner, which requires highly reliable quantum error corrections (QEC) with high fidelity. This paper proposes counter-clockwise standard forms to construct quantum surface codes for arbitrary surface forms. We show that our procedure can give result to the same codes as the currently available quantum surface codes. We investigate the matrix generated from Roffe $[[5,1,2]]$ quantum surface codes and compare to that of the proposed $[[5,1,2]]$ quantum surface codes. We perform a series of computer simulations to evaluate the codes in terms of quantum word error rate (QWER) under depolarizing channel model. Our results confirm that we can construct good performance quantum surface codes using counter-clockwise standard forms that helps the design of any arbitrary forms of quantum surface codes.","PeriodicalId":443155,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Symposium On Future Telecommunication Technologies (SOFTT)","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127268033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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