Abstract This paper explores disability disadvantage in Japanese society by analyzing the structure of people’s perceptions. Following in part the occupational prestige ranking, a random-sampled postal survey conducted in 2018 in the Southern Kanto District of Japan measured the extent to which respondents thought 33 different bodily conditions were an impediment to aspects of social life (e.g. work, school, and marriage) on a six-point scale. There were 248 valid cases (24.8%) out of the sample of 1,000 persons. Based on the mean scores for each bodily condition, physical and sensory conditions ranked high, psychiatric conditions ranked in the intermediate range, and disfigurements ranked low, as confirmed by multidimensional scaling using Euclidean distance. Alternatively, based on correlations of response patterns as similarity, some clusters of disability types emerged: physical/mental incapacity, mental/physical disorders, and disfigurement. These results indicate the residual social disadvantage for some disability types according to perception in Japan, while suggesting diversity among disabilities both quantitatively and qualitatively. The latter point also implies different corporal meanings attached to different aspects of body function and structure.
{"title":"Disability Prestige and Perceived Disability Disadvantage: Intersubjective Structure of Disability as a Social Disadvantage in the Japanese Metropolitan Area","authors":"Kenjiro Sakakibara","doi":"10.1093/ssjj/jyad012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ssjj/jyad012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper explores disability disadvantage in Japanese society by analyzing the structure of people’s perceptions. Following in part the occupational prestige ranking, a random-sampled postal survey conducted in 2018 in the Southern Kanto District of Japan measured the extent to which respondents thought 33 different bodily conditions were an impediment to aspects of social life (e.g. work, school, and marriage) on a six-point scale. There were 248 valid cases (24.8%) out of the sample of 1,000 persons. Based on the mean scores for each bodily condition, physical and sensory conditions ranked high, psychiatric conditions ranked in the intermediate range, and disfigurements ranked low, as confirmed by multidimensional scaling using Euclidean distance. Alternatively, based on correlations of response patterns as similarity, some clusters of disability types emerged: physical/mental incapacity, mental/physical disorders, and disfigurement. These results indicate the residual social disadvantage for some disability types according to perception in Japan, while suggesting diversity among disabilities both quantitatively and qualitatively. The latter point also implies different corporal meanings attached to different aspects of body function and structure.","PeriodicalId":44320,"journal":{"name":"Social Science Japan Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135142764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Yasukuni Fundamentalism: Japanese Religions and the Politics of Restoration","authors":"Sven Saaler","doi":"10.1093/ssjj/jyad002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ssjj/jyad002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44320,"journal":{"name":"Social Science Japan Journal","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85457523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"\u0000 Kyōkaisen no gakkōshi: Sengo nihon no gakkōka shakai no shūen to shūhen\u0000 (Boundaries of Japanese Public Education: A History of Schooling Society and Its Borders)","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/ssjj/jyad003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ssjj/jyad003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44320,"journal":{"name":"Social Science Japan Journal","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75637683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This study investigates the gender gap present in the relationship between obtaining a college degree and labour earnings in Japan, using a dataset that contains detailed information about the colleges from which the respondents graduated. In particular, we focus on the ranking of colleges as a factor. We find that obtaining a college degree, regardless of the college ranking, is positively correlated with higher earnings even after controlling educational and cultural experiences in childhood, for both men and women, but that this relationship is stronger for men. Moreover, graduating from a high-ranking college is positively and significantly associated with higher earnings for male workers only. Further, the relationship between a high-ranking college degree and women’s spousal labour earnings is positive and significant. Thus, opportunities to obtain higher education benefits are most likely connected to the different paths that men and women take to attain economic success.
{"title":"The Gender Gap in the Returns From College Education in Japan: The Impact of Attending a High-Ranking College","authors":"Wen LI, Kunio URAKAWA, Fumihiko SUGA","doi":"10.1093/ssjj/jyac026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ssjj/jyac026","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study investigates the gender gap present in the relationship between obtaining a college degree and labour earnings in Japan, using a dataset that contains detailed information about the colleges from which the respondents graduated. In particular, we focus on the ranking of colleges as a factor. We find that obtaining a college degree, regardless of the college ranking, is positively correlated with higher earnings even after controlling educational and cultural experiences in childhood, for both men and women, but that this relationship is stronger for men. Moreover, graduating from a high-ranking college is positively and significantly associated with higher earnings for male workers only. Further, the relationship between a high-ranking college degree and women’s spousal labour earnings is positive and significant. Thus, opportunities to obtain higher education benefits are most likely connected to the different paths that men and women take to attain economic success.","PeriodicalId":44320,"journal":{"name":"Social Science Japan Journal","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136002176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Articulating Asia in Japanese Higher Education: Policy, Partnership and Mobility","authors":"Tatsuya Maisawa","doi":"10.1093/ssjj/jyac032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ssjj/jyac032","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44320,"journal":{"name":"Social Science Japan Journal","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83711358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Labour reforms have been implemented in Japan since the 1990s, and the resulting inequalities between regular and non-regular employees have become the core of the inequality problems in Japan in the 21st century. Thus, it is important to ask certain questions. What was the economic, political, and institutional background for the increase in non-regular employees? Why have the inequalities between regular and non-regular employees not been reduced? How will the employment system of Japanese companies change in the future? One may find answers to all these questions in this book. Using new institutionalism in sociology as the basic methodology, this treatise by Imai Jun explains the labour reforms that have taken place over the last three decades and their impact on social inequalities in Japan. It attempts to bridge institutional and social stratification studies. This book is based on one of Imai’s previous publications (Imai 2011) but is not merely a Japanese translation of the same. Four new chapters have been added, and the chapters based on the previous book have been substantially revised. This new book is worth reading, even for readers of the previous work.
{"title":"<i>Koyō kankei to shakaiteki fubyōdō: Sangyōteki shitizunshippu keisei tenkai to shite no kōzō hendō</i> (Employment Relations and Social Inequalities: Social Structural Changes Shaped by the Development of Industrial Citizenship)","authors":"Hiroshi Kanbayashi","doi":"10.1093/ssjj/jyac027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ssjj/jyac027","url":null,"abstract":"Labour reforms have been implemented in Japan since the 1990s, and the resulting inequalities between regular and non-regular employees have become the core of the inequality problems in Japan in the 21st century. Thus, it is important to ask certain questions. What was the economic, political, and institutional background for the increase in non-regular employees? Why have the inequalities between regular and non-regular employees not been reduced? How will the employment system of Japanese companies change in the future? One may find answers to all these questions in this book. Using new institutionalism in sociology as the basic methodology, this treatise by Imai Jun explains the labour reforms that have taken place over the last three decades and their impact on social inequalities in Japan. It attempts to bridge institutional and social stratification studies. This book is based on one of Imai’s previous publications (Imai 2011) but is not merely a Japanese translation of the same. Four new chapters have been added, and the chapters based on the previous book have been substantially revised. This new book is worth reading, even for readers of the previous work.","PeriodicalId":44320,"journal":{"name":"Social Science Japan Journal","volume":"265 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135598956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the past few years, Lim Chaisung has published major works on the history of railways. In this ambitious book, he takes on explaining the railway management of the South Manchuria Railway (SMR), the sprawling enterprise at the centre of East Asian railway history. However, Lim’s book is not simply an SMR case study. He also explains SMR’s involvement in the process of turning the Empire of Japan into a distinctive railway empire. As a result, this book is spurring discussions among scholars of imperial history and colonial economic history, as well as among railway historians. The following paragraphs will introduce the book’s chapters, along with a little commentary. The book’s preface, ‘Railway empire and the SMR’, begins with a discussion of the framing of prewar Japan as a railway empire. It also recounts how SMR has been portrayed as emblematic of Japan’s absorption of Western technology and as an intermediary in transferring technology to its colonies. SMR overcame its technological disadvantage against its European counterparts and is credited with exceeding the transport capacity of Japan’s domestic railways. While noting the value of viewing SMR as a case study of Japanese settler colonialism and colonial management, Lim explains how the history of SMR is important to the history of the metropole as well.
{"title":"<i>Higashi ajia no naka no mantetsu</i> (The South Manchuria Railway in East Asia)","authors":"Naofumi Nakamura","doi":"10.1093/ssjj/jyac033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ssjj/jyac033","url":null,"abstract":"In the past few years, Lim Chaisung has published major works on the history of railways. In this ambitious book, he takes on explaining the railway management of the South Manchuria Railway (SMR), the sprawling enterprise at the centre of East Asian railway history. However, Lim’s book is not simply an SMR case study. He also explains SMR’s involvement in the process of turning the Empire of Japan into a distinctive railway empire. As a result, this book is spurring discussions among scholars of imperial history and colonial economic history, as well as among railway historians. The following paragraphs will introduce the book’s chapters, along with a little commentary. The book’s preface, ‘Railway empire and the SMR’, begins with a discussion of the framing of prewar Japan as a railway empire. It also recounts how SMR has been portrayed as emblematic of Japan’s absorption of Western technology and as an intermediary in transferring technology to its colonies. SMR overcame its technological disadvantage against its European counterparts and is credited with exceeding the transport capacity of Japan’s domestic railways. While noting the value of viewing SMR as a case study of Japanese settler colonialism and colonial management, Lim explains how the history of SMR is important to the history of the metropole as well.","PeriodicalId":44320,"journal":{"name":"Social Science Japan Journal","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135598958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Women and Political Inequality in Japan: Gender Imbalanced Democracy","authors":"Alisa Gaunder","doi":"10.1093/ssjj/jyad001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ssjj/jyad001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44320,"journal":{"name":"Social Science Japan Journal","volume":"221 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76644932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Winner of the 2022 ISS-OUP Prize","authors":"K. McElwain","doi":"10.1093/ssjj/jyac034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ssjj/jyac034","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44320,"journal":{"name":"Social Science Japan Journal","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76824640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Betting on the Farm: Institutional Change in Japanese Agriculture","authors":"Hanno Jentzsch","doi":"10.1093/ssjj/jyac030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ssjj/jyac030","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44320,"journal":{"name":"Social Science Japan Journal","volume":"354 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76455548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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