Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-59904-832-1.ch023
F. Lyardet
The vision where living and working spaces adapt to people is becoming a reality thanks to the increased embedding of computing power into everyday objects. Ambient learning focuses on the way people adopt technology in their everyday life and how technology adapts to the environment. Ambient learning is a new area in ubiquitous computing (UC) about the different learning processes that occur between people and smart technology environments. This chapter is organized as follows. First, we provide a definition of what ambient learning is, and its relevance to ubiquitous computing. Next, we present the learning concepts behind ambient learning and a detailed example of training a user. Then we examine in detail the technological building blocks behind the smart products supporting their ability to learn from each other and assemble or “compose” their functionality.
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Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-59904-832-1.CH021
Frankie James, Rama Gurram
This chapter introduces the concepts of multimodal and federated interaction. Because multimodality means, simply, the combination of multiple modalities (or types of input and output), the authors first introduce some of the various modalities available for computer interaction. The chapter then discusses how multimodality can be used both in desktop and mobile computing environments. The goal of the chapter is to familiarize scholars and researchers with the range of topics covered under the heading “multimodality” and suggest new areas of research around the combination of modalities, as well as the combination of mobile and stationary computing devices to improve usability.
{"title":"Multimodal and Federated Interaction","authors":"Frankie James, Rama Gurram","doi":"10.4018/978-1-59904-832-1.CH021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-832-1.CH021","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter introduces the concepts of multimodal and federated interaction. Because multimodality means, simply, the combination of multiple modalities (or types of input and output), the authors first introduce some of the various modalities available for computer interaction. The chapter then discusses how multimodality can be used both in desktop and mobile computing environments. The goal of the chapter is to familiarize scholars and researchers with the range of topics covered under the heading “multimodality” and suggest new areas of research around the combination of modalities, as well as the combination of mobile and stationary computing devices to improve usability.","PeriodicalId":443285,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Research on Ubiquitous Computing Technology for Real Time Enterprises","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132174179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-60566-960-1.CH104
A. Barros
Over recent years, service-oriented architecture (SOA) has gained mainstream acceptance as a strategy for consolidating and repurposing legacy applications to dynamic market needs through self-contained, reusable and configurable services. As fostered through the Web Services standards, services, once in place, can interoperate with other services and be composed into longrunning business processes spanning intraand inter-organizational boundaries. As Web services technologies mature, and commercial-scale SOAs shift from early adoption to mainstream development, a new revolution of service-orientation is emerging. Beyond abstract
{"title":"Ubiquitous Services and Business Processes","authors":"A. Barros","doi":"10.4018/978-1-60566-960-1.CH104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-960-1.CH104","url":null,"abstract":"Over recent years, service-oriented architecture (SOA) has gained mainstream acceptance as a strategy for consolidating and repurposing legacy applications to dynamic market needs through self-contained, reusable and configurable services. As fostered through the Web Services standards, services, once in place, can interoperate with other services and be composed into longrunning business processes spanning intraand inter-organizational boundaries. As Web services technologies mature, and commercial-scale SOAs shift from early adoption to mainstream development, a new revolution of service-orientation is emerging. Beyond abstract","PeriodicalId":443285,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Research on Ubiquitous Computing Technology for Real Time Enterprises","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127276866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-59904-832-1.CH007
Erwin Aitenbichler
Ubiquitous Computing assumes that users and their computing devices are highly mobile. Because it is unlikely that mobile networks will be equally available in the same quality everywhere, there may be varying levels of connectivity, ranging from full network availability through low-bandwidth connectiv- ity, to no connection at all. As a consequence, software components in the system cannot assume that the connections between them are static and always available. The event-based style is essential for ubiquitous computing, since it offers a good decoupling of the communicating entities in terms of space, time, and program flow. This chapter starts with an introduction to the different interaction models found in distributed systems. Next, a classification of publish/subscribe-systems is presented. We then describe a formal data and filter model that allows us to precisely define the semantics of event filters. Based on this model, we discuss different routing algorithms for the efficient distribution of event notifications in a network. Finally, a number of examples for publish/subscribe systems are presented.
{"title":"Event-Based and Publish/Subscribe Communication","authors":"Erwin Aitenbichler","doi":"10.4018/978-1-59904-832-1.CH007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-832-1.CH007","url":null,"abstract":"Ubiquitous Computing assumes that users and their computing devices are highly mobile. Because it is unlikely that mobile networks will be equally available in the same quality everywhere, there may be varying levels of connectivity, ranging from full network availability through low-bandwidth connectiv- ity, to no connection at all. As a consequence, software components in the system cannot assume that the connections between them are static and always available. The event-based style is essential for ubiquitous computing, since it offers a good decoupling of the communicating entities in terms of space, time, and program flow. This chapter starts with an introduction to the different interaction models found in distributed systems. Next, a classification of publish/subscribe-systems is presented. We then describe a formal data and filter model that allows us to precisely define the semantics of event filters. Based on this model, we discuss different routing algorithms for the efficient distribution of event notifications in a network. Finally, a number of examples for publish/subscribe systems are presented.","PeriodicalId":443285,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Research on Ubiquitous Computing Technology for Real Time Enterprises","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128297284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-59904-832-1.CH012
Erwin Aitenbichler
This chapter adds an in-depth description of location context, because location is the most prominent context property and the associated tracking technology is increasingly deployed in industry. First, we motivate a number of application areas for this technology in industry, healthcare, tourism, and more. We first describe the different physical properties location sensors can measure and then the principles and algorithms to calculate the locations of mobile entities based on this sensor data. Several commercial location systems and research prototypes are described as implementation examples. Finally, with the help of location models, the raw location information is processed to derive higher-level information meaningful to application services.
{"title":"A Focus on Location Context","authors":"Erwin Aitenbichler","doi":"10.4018/978-1-59904-832-1.CH012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-832-1.CH012","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter adds an in-depth description of location context, because location is the most prominent context property and the associated tracking technology is increasingly deployed in industry. First, we motivate a number of application areas for this technology in industry, healthcare, tourism, and more. We first describe the different physical properties location sensors can measure and then the principles and algorithms to calculate the locations of mobile entities based on this sensor data. Several commercial location systems and research prototypes are described as implementation examples. Finally, with the help of location models, the raw location information is processed to derive higher-level information meaningful to application services.","PeriodicalId":443285,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Research on Ubiquitous Computing Technology for Real Time Enterprises","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129995336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/9781599048321.ch009
A. Heinemann
A predominant concern in ubiquitous computing (UC) is the natural and effortless interaction of humans with a smart environment in order to carry out a certain task or simply to make life easier. Often, interaction is bootstrapped with a user’s personal, mobile device. Such a device may carry a digital representation in form of a user profile and a key pair that serves as a digital identity. Examples of devices are personal digital assistants (PDAs) or mobile phones. Especially the mobile phone plays a prominent role since it has conquered our everyday life and is basically ubiquitously available for the user. More and more mobile phones and PDAs are equipped with short range wireless communication capabilities. In most cases, either Bluetooth (Bluetooth SIG Inc., 2003-2005) or 802.11b WiFi technology (IEEE, 1999) is integrated. The prevalent use of wireless connectivity is to synchronize personal data between a mobile device and a desktop computer (via Bluetooth) or have easy access to an institution’s network (via a 802.11 WiFi Wireless Access Point) and further to the Internet. But in addition, with the integration of abstract
普适计算(UC)的主要关注点是人类与智能环境之间自然而轻松的交互，以执行特定任务或仅仅是为了使生活更轻松。通常，交互是由用户的个人移动设备引导的。这样的设备可以携带以用户配置文件和作为数字身份的密钥对的形式的数字表示。设备的例子有个人数字助理(pda)或移动电话。尤其是手机扮演了一个突出的角色，因为它已经征服了我们的日常生活，基本上无处不在的用户。越来越多的移动电话和pda配备了短距离无线通信功能。在大多数情况下，集成了蓝牙(Bluetooth SIG Inc.， 2003-2005)或802.11b WiFi技术(IEEE, 1999)。无线连接的普遍用途是在移动设备和台式电脑之间(通过蓝牙)同步个人数据，或者轻松访问机构的网络(通过802.11 WiFi无线接入点)并进一步连接到互联网。但除此之外，还与抽象相结合
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