Pub Date : 2022-09-25DOI: 10.18357/ghr111202221045
Jason M. Colby
There have been a number of developments in the Department of Ocean and Resources Engineering over the last few months. Drs. Dan Greeson and John Wiltshire of the Hawaii Undersea Research Laboratory formally joined the faculty of Ocean and Resources Engineering in Fall 2003. Their expertise in deep-sea exploration and oceanographic engineering will expand our academic and research programs in these multidisciplinary fields. The Fall 2003 semester also welcomed 10 new graduate students, the highest number in recent ORE history. The Graduate Council Review of the Ocean and Resources Engineering program concluded that ORE is a strong program and suggested expansion of the program, both in the number of faculty and the availability of facilities , to better address societal needs. Likewise, the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) completed the program review with equally encouraging statements. Once ABET finalizes its report, I will share their findings with you. The response to the ORE Enrichment Fund has been strong and I would like to thank you for the contributions to this program. Finally, it is with much sadness to note the passing of Prof. Manley St. Denis in October 2003. Prof. St. Denis made tremendous contributions to the Department, students, and the profession. He will be greatly missed (See the article on Manley in this issue). T his issue of Hana O Ke Kai is a sad one, reporting the loss of our friend and teacher Prof. Manley St. Denis at the age of 93 in Honolulu. We will miss him dearly. Please see the article on Manley on page 2. On another sad note, this week is the 25th anniversary of the disappearance of the motor vessel Holoholo while it was conducting UH-sponsored marine research in Hawaiian waters. Among the 10 lost at sea, was one of our own– Assistant Professor Gary Niemeyer who was 31 years old at the time. Please see the article on Holoholo and the Memorial Garden dedicated to three UH scientists and Send subscription inquiries, address changes, news, and article contributions to:
{"title":"Chair's Message","authors":"Jason M. Colby","doi":"10.18357/ghr111202221045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18357/ghr111202221045","url":null,"abstract":"There have been a number of developments in the Department of Ocean and Resources Engineering over the last few months. Drs. Dan Greeson and John Wiltshire of the Hawaii Undersea Research Laboratory formally joined the faculty of Ocean and Resources Engineering in Fall 2003. Their expertise in deep-sea exploration and oceanographic engineering will expand our academic and research programs in these multidisciplinary fields. The Fall 2003 semester also welcomed 10 new graduate students, the highest number in recent ORE history. The Graduate Council Review of the Ocean and Resources Engineering program concluded that ORE is a strong program and suggested expansion of the program, both in the number of faculty and the availability of facilities , to better address societal needs. Likewise, the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) completed the program review with equally encouraging statements. Once ABET finalizes its report, I will share their findings with you. The response to the ORE Enrichment Fund has been strong and I would like to thank you for the contributions to this program. Finally, it is with much sadness to note the passing of Prof. Manley St. Denis in October 2003. Prof. St. Denis made tremendous contributions to the Department, students, and the profession. He will be greatly missed (See the article on Manley in this issue). T his issue of Hana O Ke Kai is a sad one, reporting the loss of our friend and teacher Prof. Manley St. Denis at the age of 93 in Honolulu. We will miss him dearly. Please see the article on Manley on page 2. On another sad note, this week is the 25th anniversary of the disappearance of the motor vessel Holoholo while it was conducting UH-sponsored marine research in Hawaiian waters. Among the 10 lost at sea, was one of our own– Assistant Professor Gary Niemeyer who was 31 years old at the time. Please see the article on Holoholo and the Memorial Garden dedicated to three UH scientists and Send subscription inquiries, address changes, news, and article contributions to:","PeriodicalId":443425,"journal":{"name":"The Graduate History Review","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128726056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-25DOI: 10.18357/ghr111202221046
Kevin D. Hall
{"title":"President's Message","authors":"Kevin D. Hall","doi":"10.18357/ghr111202221046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18357/ghr111202221046","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":443425,"journal":{"name":"The Graduate History Review","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122302274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-22DOI: 10.18357/ghr111202220536
Kastle Michael Van Der Meer
Despite the close examination of Nazi brutality in the postwar years, certain atrocities remain relatively understudied. Crimes involving sexualized violence in particular were neglected by scholars until recently for a variety of reasons, including the incorrect notion that German laws prohibiting Rassenschande (racial defilement) prevented “Aryan” Germans from raping Jews. As a result, certain forms of violence such as rape have not traditionally been considered part of the Nazi terror apparatus. In an effort to shed light on the topic of sexualized violence in the Holocaust and to emphasizethe agency of victims and survivors, this paperinvestigates how Jews resisted rape and attempted rape in ghettos across occupied Poland by members of the Wehrmacht (German Armed Forces) and Schutzstaffel (Protection Squad, SS). An analysis of survivor testimony belonging to Jewish survivors who either experienced such violence at the hands of Nazis in Polish ghettos or were witness to it shows that rape in this context was resisted with vigour and in various ways.
{"title":"\"It is Unfair to the Animals to Call the German Rapists Animals\": Jewish Resistance to Rape at the Hands of Nazis in Polish Ghettos","authors":"Kastle Michael Van Der Meer","doi":"10.18357/ghr111202220536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18357/ghr111202220536","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the close examination of Nazi brutality in the postwar years, certain atrocities remain relatively understudied. Crimes involving sexualized violence in particular were neglected by scholars until recently for a variety of reasons, including the incorrect notion that German laws prohibiting Rassenschande (racial defilement) prevented “Aryan” Germans from raping Jews. As a result, certain forms of violence such as rape have not traditionally been considered part of the Nazi terror apparatus. In an effort to shed light on the topic of sexualized violence in the Holocaust and to emphasizethe agency of victims and survivors, this paperinvestigates how Jews resisted rape and attempted rape in ghettos across occupied Poland by members of the Wehrmacht (German Armed Forces) and Schutzstaffel (Protection Squad, SS). An analysis of survivor testimony belonging to Jewish survivors who either experienced such violence at the hands of Nazis in Polish ghettos or were witness to it shows that rape in this context was resisted with vigour and in various ways.","PeriodicalId":443425,"journal":{"name":"The Graduate History Review","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116146468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-22DOI: 10.18357/ghr111202220419
Sinéad O'Halloran
This paper charts the shifting connotations, uses and impacts of the s-slur, a derogatory term used by colonizers to refer to Indigenous women, in archival Western Canadian newspapers. It aims to demonstrate the influences of hetero-patriarchy, racism, and capitalism on the perception of Indigenous ‘un/womanhood’ during the expansion of the settler state. It draws upon feminist and linguistic frameworks to examine the coloniality of gender, naming, and slurs. By examining how the use of the s-slur fluctuated between insinuations of victimhood (in relation to Indigenous gender roles, traditions, and marriage) and threat (in association with sexual deviancy and sex work), this paper aims to demonstrate how the term represented both sides of the racialized gender dichotomy, depending on how it could best serve the colonial project. This research is an attempt to understand the legacies of violence inflicted by, and encapsulated in, the use of this word towards Indigenous women, and to argue for the necessity of de-normalizing its use.
{"title":"Situating the S-Slur Within the Colonial Imaginary: The Shaping and Shaming of Indigenous Un/Womanhood in Western Canada during the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries","authors":"Sinéad O'Halloran","doi":"10.18357/ghr111202220419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18357/ghr111202220419","url":null,"abstract":"This paper charts the shifting connotations, uses and impacts of the s-slur, a derogatory term used by colonizers to refer to Indigenous women, in archival Western Canadian newspapers. It aims to demonstrate the influences of hetero-patriarchy, racism, and capitalism on the perception of Indigenous ‘un/womanhood’ during the expansion of the settler state. It draws upon feminist and linguistic frameworks to examine the coloniality of gender, naming, and slurs. By examining how the use of the s-slur fluctuated between insinuations of victimhood (in relation to Indigenous gender roles, traditions, and marriage) and threat (in association with sexual deviancy and sex work), this paper aims to demonstrate how the term represented both sides of the racialized gender dichotomy, depending on how it could best serve the colonial project. This research is an attempt to understand the legacies of violence inflicted by, and encapsulated in, the use of this word towards Indigenous women, and to argue for the necessity of de-normalizing its use.","PeriodicalId":443425,"journal":{"name":"The Graduate History Review","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125661966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-22DOI: 10.18357/ghr111202220324
Matt Mulhern
Zbigniew Brzezinski misrepresented Soviet motivations in their Afghan invasion to pursue his own geo-political agenda in the “arc of crisis” region that became a primary focus for the shift in strategic planning during the Carter administration. Based on State Department documents released in December 2018, in addition to former Soviet-era primary sources from the Cold War International History Project, the article describes how Brzezinski misread Soviet intentions and facilitated a response that later metastasized into something the U.S. could not control once the Reagan administration continued Carter’s arming of the most radical elements of the Afghan rebellion. Despite Brzezinski’s efforts to increase the U.S. footprint in the Middle East having such a consequential impact on American foreign policy during the past 40 years, scholars are only beginning to understand the full weight of these moves during the final years of the Carter administration.
兹比格涅夫·布热津斯基歪曲了苏联入侵阿富汗的动机，以追求他自己在“危机弧线”地区的地缘政治议程，这成为卡特政府战略规划转变的主要焦点。根据美国国务院2018年12月发布的文件，除了冷战国际历史项目(Cold War International History Project)提供的前苏联时代的主要资料外，这篇文章还描述了布热津斯基是如何误读苏联的意图，并促成了一种反应，这种反应后来在里根政府继续卡特为阿富汗叛乱中最激进的分子提供武器后，演变成了美国无法控制的事情。尽管布热津斯基在过去40年里努力增加美国在中东的足迹，对美国的外交政策产生了如此重大的影响，但学者们直到卡特政府最后几年才开始了解这些举措的全部分量。
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Pub Date : 2022-09-22DOI: 10.18357/ghr111202220526
Chris Aino Pihlak
Mainstream transfeminine porn was the central element shaping mid-century American cultural understandings of transness. Despite this representational importance, the study of transfeminine erotica is a niche field. This paper helps fill this gap via analysis of eighty-six issues of erotica from the late 1960s to early 1980s. Pihlak demonstrates the contradictions in transfeminine desirability in these works. Despite overwhelming bodily normativity, the presence of a penis invariably led to models being framed as lurid, transgressive erotic objects. Pihlak’s findings demonstrate the insufficiency of the concept of normativity. Then and now, the smallest breach to normative white cisfemininity renders one’s claim to womanhood unstable. While this instability has material consequences for trans femmes, for many this precarity is solely an alluring invitation, to take a walk on the wild side.
{"title":"How Transgressive a Transsexual? The Contradictions in Transgression and Conformity Within Transfeminine Print Erotica","authors":"Chris Aino Pihlak","doi":"10.18357/ghr111202220526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18357/ghr111202220526","url":null,"abstract":"Mainstream transfeminine porn was the central element shaping mid-century American cultural understandings of transness. Despite this representational importance, the study of transfeminine erotica is a niche field. This paper helps fill this gap via analysis of eighty-six issues of erotica from the late 1960s to early 1980s. Pihlak demonstrates the contradictions in transfeminine desirability in these works. Despite overwhelming bodily normativity, the presence of a penis invariably led to models being framed as lurid, transgressive erotic objects. Pihlak’s findings demonstrate the insufficiency of the concept of normativity. Then and now, the smallest breach to normative white cisfemininity renders one’s claim to womanhood unstable. While this instability has material consequences for trans femmes, for many this precarity is solely an alluring invitation, to take a walk on the wild side.","PeriodicalId":443425,"journal":{"name":"The Graduate History Review","volume":"3 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131840636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-22DOI: 10.18357/ghr111202220161
Amanda Skocic
The Modern Girl was a feminine archetype that emerged in the early 1900s, challenging traditional gender roles and redefining racial boundaries. Particularly revealing of these dynamics is the case of the Eastern European Modern Girl, a figure who was characterized by her barbaric, primitive origins and ‘off-White’ racial status. This article seeks to investigate the construction of femininity and Whiteness in the interwar era through a comparative discourse analysis of two quintessential Modern Girls: Hollywood stars Pola Negri and Gilda Gray. It examines the ways in which each starlet’s ethnicity has been used to situate her as an exotic, racial Other. However, while Eastern European women were often exoticized and Othered, they could also be ideologically ‘Whitened’ through juxtaposition with members of more visibly racialized groups. This paper examines the ways in which Eastern European Modern Girls negotiated this unique position within the boundaries of femininity and, in doing so, argues that the social construction of Whiteness is fundamentally a relational process.
现代女孩是20世纪初出现的女性原型，挑战了传统的性别角色，重新定义了种族界限。东欧现代女孩(Eastern European Modern Girl)的例子尤其能揭示这些动态，她的特点是野蛮、原始的出身和“非白人”的种族地位。本文试图通过对好莱坞女星波拉·内格里和吉尔达·格雷这两位典型的现代女孩的比较话语分析，探讨两次世界大战期间女性气质和白人的建构。它考察了每个小明星的种族是如何被用来把她定位为一个异域的、种族的他者。然而，尽管东欧女性经常被异域化和另类化，但她们也可能通过与明显种族化群体的成员并置于一起而在意识形态上被“白化”。本文考察了东欧现代女孩在女性界限内谈判这一独特地位的方式，并在此过程中认为，白人的社会建构从根本上来说是一个关系过程。
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Pub Date : 2021-09-20DOI: 10.18357/ghr101202120028
Aqeel Ihsan
The conceptualization of identity around food is not new to Canadian historiography. Many contemporary historians have, by analyzing culinary narratives such as cookbooks and oral interviews, illustrated how food acts as an intellectual and emotional anchor for immigrant subjects and becomes a source of identity for them in their new country. This study, which examines menus from various Goan Canadian cultural events, finds that Goan Canadians have a complex relationship with traditional foods, and that food was not as important a boundary marker for their identity as the scholarship might suggest. Instead, Goans in Canada developed their own distinct sense of identity based on community, celebrations of holidays, village feasts, and other social events.
{"title":"“I’m Goan Because I Eat Goan Food”: A Critical Look at the History of Goan Canadians","authors":"Aqeel Ihsan","doi":"10.18357/ghr101202120028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18357/ghr101202120028","url":null,"abstract":"The conceptualization of identity around food is not new to Canadian historiography. Many contemporary historians have, by analyzing culinary narratives such as cookbooks and oral interviews, illustrated how food acts as an intellectual and emotional anchor for immigrant subjects and becomes a source of identity for them in their new country. This study, which examines menus from various Goan Canadian cultural events, finds that Goan Canadians have a complex relationship with traditional foods, and that food was not as important a boundary marker for their identity as the scholarship might suggest. Instead, Goans in Canada developed their own distinct sense of identity based on community, celebrations of holidays, village feasts, and other social events.","PeriodicalId":443425,"journal":{"name":"The Graduate History Review","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124851502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-20DOI: 10.18357/ghr101202119921
Erica Greenup
This article situates a 1976 feminist rally in Victoria, British Columbia, Women Rally for Action, within the context of Canada’s national feminist movement. The rally was a legislative lobbying event aimed at the newly elected Social Credit government and their cuts to the social services that supported gender equality in the province. By tracing the development of the second wave feminist movement in Canada and in BC, this article explores how the organizers of the BC rally employed a national feminist strategy of organized political pressure. In doing so, they worked towards the politicization of the women’s movement on a national and provincial level, and developed an invaluable framework for future women’s organizing in BC.
{"title":"Women Rally for Action 1976: Politically Engaged Feminism in British Columbia","authors":"Erica Greenup","doi":"10.18357/ghr101202119921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18357/ghr101202119921","url":null,"abstract":"This article situates a 1976 feminist rally in Victoria, British Columbia, Women Rally for Action, within the context of Canada’s national feminist movement. The rally was a legislative lobbying event aimed at the newly elected Social Credit government and their cuts to the social services that supported gender equality in the province. By tracing the development of the second wave feminist movement in Canada and in BC, this article explores how the organizers of the BC rally employed a national feminist strategy of organized political pressure. In doing so, they worked towards the politicization of the women’s movement on a national and provincial level, and developed an invaluable framework for future women’s organizing in BC.","PeriodicalId":443425,"journal":{"name":"The Graduate History Review","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116491997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-20DOI: 10.18357/ghr101202119999
Rosa Wright
This study explores how Progressivism, and a belief in the benefits of ‘Americanizing’ immigrants, affected educational institutions such as Boston’s North Bennet Industrial School at the end of the nineteenth century.
{"title":"To Mentor and Control: How the North Bennet Street Industrial School Became a Pioneer of Philanthropy and Americanization at the Turn of the Century","authors":"Rosa Wright","doi":"10.18357/ghr101202119999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18357/ghr101202119999","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores how Progressivism, and a belief in the benefits of ‘Americanizing’ immigrants, affected educational institutions such as Boston’s North Bennet Industrial School at the end of the nineteenth century.","PeriodicalId":443425,"journal":{"name":"The Graduate History Review","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125239574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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