First EAGE Workshop on Pre-Salt Reservoir: from Exploration to Production最新文献

英文中文

Forecasting geomechanical behaviour in pre-salt fields 盐下油田地质力学行为预测

First EAGE Workshop on Pre-Salt Reservoir: from Exploration to Production

Pub Date : 2019-12-06 DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.201982016

D. Roehl, R. Quevedo, P. Firme

引用次数: 2

Exploratory-scale OBN seismic acquisition in Santos Basin 桑托斯盆地勘探级OBN地震采集

First EAGE Workshop on Pre-Salt Reservoir: from Exploration to Production

Pub Date : 2019-12-06 DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.201982030

D. Ferreira, A. Martínez, C. Costa, F. Jouno, A. Khalil

Santos Basin is well known for some of the largest pre-salt oil and gas fields in the world. For oil fields in production, OBN has emerged as the solution to improve the pre-salt images. It’s rich low frequency, full-azimuth coverage and long-offsets are ideal for velocity model building using FWI. The acquisition effort of conventional OBN layouts makes it unsuitable for large-scale exploration purposes. In this case, the use of sparse OBN acquisition for velocity model building together with NAZ streamer data for imaging can improve our understanding of complex pre-salt plays and fields during the exploration phase.

桑托斯盆地以拥有世界上最大的盐下油气田而闻名。对于正在生产的油田，OBN已经成为改善盐下图像的解决方案。它丰富的低频，全方位覆盖和长偏移是使用FWI建立速度模型的理想选择。常规OBN布局的采集工作量使其不适合大规模勘探目的。在这种情况下，利用稀疏OBN采集数据建立速度模型，并结合NAZ拖缆数据进行成像，可以提高我们在勘探阶段对复杂盐下油气藏和油田的理解。

引用次数: 1

Porosity characterization of complex silicified carbonates reservoirs of BM-C-33 BM-C-33复杂硅化碳酸盐岩储层孔隙度表征

First EAGE Workshop on Pre-Salt Reservoir: from Exploration to Production

Pub Date : 2019-12-05 DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.201982031

P. D. Luca, A. Waldum, A. S. Chandler, D. Hunt, O. P. Wennberg, G. McQuenn, D. Hulme, E. Castro, L. Loures, J. Matias, I. Søreide, A. Filgueiras

Summary “Block BM-C-33 sits in the SW quadrant of the Campos Basin, approximately 200km off the coast of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Three discoveries (Seat, Gavea and Pao de Acucar) were made between 2009 and 2012. Following appraisal, these are now believed to hold reserves of more than one billion barrels of oil equivalent. Reservoirs in Block BM-C-33 were growing in the outer Campos Basin during the Aptian. They sit on top of rotated and eroded fault blocks and paleo volcanic highs. On a regional scale, they can be viewed as a distal continuation of the Coqueiros and Macabu formations. Seismically, the accumulations are characterized by a wedge-shaped and mounded external geometry ( Hunt, et al., 2019 ). The reservoirs of BM-C-33 are unique. The original rock has been subject to a range of diagenetic processes which completely have altered the original mineral assemblage and pore textures. The resulting reservoir rock displays a complex pore network - different from what is observed in other pre-salt reservoirs. Silica is a key component in the reservoirs of BM-C-33. According to recent works ( Lapponi et al, 2019 , Tritlla et al, 2018 ; Tritlla, et al, 2019 ), the origin of the silica is both early, during or shortly after deposition; and late, associated with hydrothermal activity most likely in Mid Albian ( Tritlla et al, 2018 ). Pore types are diverse and pores range in size from micro porosity to meter scale caverns. Measurements of permeability at different scales reflect this diversity. Permeability measurements on SWC’s capture matrix properties and are generally low (a few mD and below). DST’s on the other hand suggest average reservoir scale permeabilities of several hundreds of mD. Frequent and occasionally massive mud losses during drilling of reservoir sections confirm the presence of large-scale pore systems. Reservoir properties in carbonate reservoirs are closely tied to pore types. NMR and BHI (BoreHole Image) logs are keys for typing of matrix and larger scale pores respectively. Lack of whole core and production logs make conceptual models important but alternative scenarios are carried forward to capture the uncertainty span. Characterization of reservoir properties in BM-C-33 depends on multidisciplinary work and integration of data on a wide range of scales. Whilst the matrix holds most of the hydrocarbon in place, excess permeability features as fractures, faults, connected vugs and caverns control flow. This abstract discusses some key features and the work that has been done to characterize them.”

BM-C-33区块位于Campos盆地的西南象限，距离巴西里约热内卢海岸约200公里。2009年至2012年间发现了三个新发现(Seat、Gavea和Pao de Acucar)。经过评估，这些油田现在被认为拥有超过10亿桶石油当量的储量。BM-C-33区块的储层在Aptian时期在Campos盆地外围发育。它们位于旋转侵蚀的断块和古火山高地之上。在区域范围内，它们可以被视为Coqueiros和Macabu地层的远端延续。从地震角度看，储层具有楔形和丘状的外部几何形状(Hunt等，2019)。BM-C-33油藏是独一无二的。原始岩石经历了一系列成岩作用，完全改变了原始矿物组合和孔隙结构。由此产生的储层岩石显示出复杂的孔隙网络，这与在其他盐下储层中观察到的不同。二氧化硅是BM-C-33储层的关键成分。根据最近的研究(Lapponi et al, 2019, Tritlla et al, 2018;Tritlla等人，2019)，二氧化硅的起源既在沉积早期，也在沉积期间或沉积后不久;晚，与热液活动最有可能在中Albian (Tritlla et al, 2018)。孔隙类型多样，孔隙大小从微孔到米级溶洞不等。不同尺度的渗透率测量反映了这种多样性。SWC捕获基质性质的渗透率测量值通常较低(几个mD以下)。另一方面，DST表明平均储层渗透率为数百mD。在钻井过程中，储层段频繁出现大量泥浆漏失，证实了大规模孔隙系统的存在。碳酸盐岩储层的储层性质与孔隙类型密切相关。核磁共振测井和钻孔成像测井分别是划分基质和大尺度孔隙类型的关键。由于缺少整个岩心和生产日志，概念模型非常重要，但为了捕获不确定性范围，可以采用替代方案。BM-C-33储层性质的表征取决于多学科工作和大范围数据的整合。虽然基质将大部分碳氢化合物保持在原位，但过度渗透率以裂缝、断层、连通的孔洞和洞穴为特征，控制着流动。这篇摘要讨论了一些关键特征和已经做的工作来表征它们。

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引用次数: 2

Innovative Imaging Technology to Unlock Presalt Reservoir Characterization 创新成像技术解锁盐下储层特征

First EAGE Workshop on Pre-Salt Reservoir: from Exploration to Production

Pub Date : 2019-12-05 DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.201982104

S. Arasanipalai, H. Lebit, A. Valenciano

Summary Current imaging technologies such as Kirchhoff Migration and Reverse Time Migration (RTM) provide a level of seismic resolution that help capture hydrocarbon reservoirs and outline prospects. Least-Squares Migration (LSM) is becoming the new standard in high-end seismic imaging, providing a higher level of granularity necessary for prospect risk mitigation, reservoir characterization and well planning. In this paper, we present the advantages of using LSM for imaging and interpretation of presalt reservoirs of the prolific Santos Basin.”

目前的成像技术，如Kirchhoff偏移和逆时偏移(RTM)，提供了一定程度的地震分辨率，有助于捕获油气藏和规划远景。最小二乘偏移(LSM)正在成为高端地震成像的新标准，为降低勘探风险、油藏描述和井规划提供了必要的更高粒度水平。在本文中，我们介绍了利用LSM成像和解释Santos盆地盐下储层的优势。”

引用次数: 0

A key uncertainty in pre-salt evaluations: Carbonates vs. Volcanic discrimination in the Campos & Santos Basins (Brazil) 盐下评价的一个关键不确定性:巴西Campos & Santos盆地碳酸盐岩与火山的区别

First EAGE Workshop on Pre-Salt Reservoir: from Exploration to Production

Pub Date : 2019-12-05 DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.201982018

G. Bonet, C. A. Luna, T. Watton, D. Hunt

引用次数: 0

Challenges in Brazil pre-salt carbonate reservoir characterization: a realistic 3D synthetic study 巴西盐下碳酸盐岩储层表征面临的挑战:一项现实的3D合成研究

First EAGE Workshop on Pre-Salt Reservoir: from Exploration to Production

Pub Date : 2019-12-05 DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.201982007

H. Wang, O. Burtz, R. Parth, Y. Yu, B. Curry, E. Hixon, B. Laugier

Summary The ability to differentiate between good quality carbonate reservoir and low permeability limestone or volcano-clastic lithology using seismic data is key to successful exploration and development in the Brazil pre-salt play. However, the reservoir characterization is strongly coupled with the imaging challenges associated with the complex overburden and lateral property variations. In order to gain insights into this problem, we carefully build 3D elastic models for a synthetic study using real data acquisition parameters and simulated full-wavefield elastic data. The synthetic data generated via elastic full-wave simulation closely resembles the actual data challenges, even under ideal settings. The richness of this dataset and the complexity of the model provides a laboratory to test various workflows and approaches from conventional processing/imaging/ inversion to more complex imaging and reservoir characterization workflows.

利用地震数据区分优质碳酸盐岩储层与低渗透灰岩或火山碎屑岩岩性的能力是巴西盐下储层勘探开发成功的关键。然而，储层表征与复杂覆盖层和横向物性变化相关的成像挑战密切相关。为了深入了解这一问题，我们利用真实的数据采集参数和模拟的全波场弹性数据，精心构建了三维弹性模型进行综合研究。通过弹性全波模拟生成的合成数据与实际数据挑战非常相似，即使在理想设置下也是如此。该数据集的丰富性和模型的复杂性为测试从传统处理/成像/反演到更复杂的成像和储层表征工作流程的各种工作流程和方法提供了实验室。

引用次数: 1

Towards Efficient Ocean Bottom Seismic Acquisition in Pre-Salt Brazil 巴西盐下海底有效地震采集

First EAGE Workshop on Pre-Salt Reservoir: from Exploration to Production

Pub Date : 2019-12-05 DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.201982021

J. Lopez, G. Baeten, F. Kroode

Summary The Brazilian Pre-Salt is undergoing rapid growth spurred by changes in local legislation, resulting in much increased demand for seismic data, especially Ocean Bottom Node data to characterize and monitor the complex carbonate reservoirs. This demand has led to a “traffic jam” of permit applications that will not allow surveys to be acquired where and when they are needed to influence business decisions. Increasing OBN seismic efficiency is one way to try to alleviate this congestion, by increasing the rate of node handling operations and the efficiency of source operations. We describe a model to estimate the duration and cost of such surveys, considering various scenarios for node deployment rates and number of seismic sources operating simultaneously. We identify the most efficient combinations that reduce idle time for the vessels. These include use of two autonomous source vessels or a single source vessel carrying quad and hexasource configurations. In all cases we use small volume seismic sources to reduce the acoustic energy output into the ocean. Field testing will be required to assess the ability of small sources (under 1000ci) to image the Pre-salt reservoirs, and the feasibility of deblending algorithms to preserve fidelity for 4D seismic monitoring.

由于当地立法的变化，巴西盐下油藏正在快速发展，导致对地震数据的需求大幅增加，特别是海底节点数据，以表征和监测复杂的碳酸盐岩储层。这种需求导致了许可证申请的“交通堵塞”，无法在需要影响业务决策的地点和时间进行调查。通过提高节点处理操作的速率和源操作的效率，提高OBN地震效率是缓解这种拥塞的一种方法。我们描述了一个模型来估计这种调查的持续时间和成本，考虑到节点部署率和同时运行的震源数量的各种情况。我们确定了最有效的组合，以减少船舶的闲置时间。其中包括使用两艘自主源船或携带四源和六源配置的单源船。在所有情况下，我们都使用小体积震源来减少向海洋输出的声能。需要进行现场测试，以评估小震源(低于1000ci)对盐下储层成像的能力，以及分离混合算法的可行性，以保持四维地震监测的保真度。

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引用次数: 0

Open fractures in pre-salt reservoirs in the Campos Basin: examples from silicified carbonates in BM-C-33 Campos盆地盐下储层开放裂缝:以BM-C-33硅化碳酸盐岩为例

First EAGE Workshop on Pre-Salt Reservoir: from Exploration to Production

Pub Date : 2019-12-05 DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.201982010

O. P. Wennberg, G. McQueen, P. D. Luca, D. Hunt, A. S. Chandler, A. Waldum, F. Lapponi

引用次数: 2

Geopressure, Reservoir Properties and Advanced Geochemistry Analyses Along Pre-Salt in Santos and Campos Basins: From Oil Fields to Frontier Areas Santos和Campos盆地盐下地压、储层性质及先进地球化学分析:从油田到前沿地区

First EAGE Workshop on Pre-Salt Reservoir: from Exploration to Production

Pub Date : 2019-12-05 DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.201982106

S. Rostirolla, M. Mello, H. Kemna, W. Peres, O. Pedrosa, T. Nascimento

Summary A wide-range analysis of subsurface data along the Pre-Salt Province of Santos and Campos basins revealed that the whole area shares strong similarities of key characteristics, such as, reservoir-pod and pressure compartmentalization, migration pathways and thermal evolution of the petroleum system. This investigation covers formation pressure data, petroleum system modelling and reservoir characterization aiming to understand the relationship among different basin domains, structural compartments, oil cracking signature, CO2 content and GOR distributions along the study area. One of the main objectives of this work is to support a risk assessment of the remaining exploration potential of the pre-salt open acreage, helping the technical evaluation of the new concession areas for future bid-rounds with factual elements that were obtained from existing oil fields. This approach may also be useful to support the drilling planning, to expect well testing productivity, and to forecast the geopressured settings, which can be important for future field development, principally if Gas and/or CO2 are present in quantities that can impact the production. The pressure compartments were characterized from wireline information obtained in key wells along Santos and Campos Basin, in which the well-to-well analysis is exemplified in Figure 1 and the comparison among wells in different compartments is illustrated in Figure 2 . The MDT pressure points were evaluated in the wells, aiming to establish the hydrocarbon and water formation gradients, as well as to characterize the average subsurface pressure at reservoir level. The results show a clear distinction of pressure compartments along the basins, as defined in Figure 2 , although what controls the geopressured environment is not completely understood. Commonly, as reported in the literature (e.g. Bradley & Powley, 1994 ), the pressure compartments are explained by the effectivity of the seal that prevents pressure equilibration to normal hydrostatic pressure. Nevertheless, zones of high and low pressures in Santos and Campos basins are not always directly related to the salt withdrawal, suggesting that other factors as disequilibrium compaction and thermal history might be very important in the dynamics of petroleum system and preserving conditions for the accumulations.

对Santos盆地和Campos盆地盐下省的广泛地下数据分析表明，整个地区在储层-隔壳和压力分区、油气系统的运移路径和热演化等关键特征上具有很强的相似性。研究包括地层压力数据、油气系统建模和储层表征，旨在了解研究区不同盆地域、构造隔室、石油裂解特征、CO2含量和GOR分布之间的关系。这项工作的主要目标之一是支持对盐下开放区域剩余勘探潜力的风险评估，帮助对新特许区域进行技术评估，以便在未来的招标中利用从现有油田获得的事实要素。该方法还可以用于支持钻井规划，预测试井产能，预测高压环境，这对未来的油田开发非常重要，特别是当天然气和/或二氧化碳大量存在时，可能会影响生产。根据Santos和Campos盆地关键井的电缆信息对压力区进行了表征，其中井间分析如图1所示，不同井间的对比如图2所示。在井中对MDT压力点进行了评价，旨在建立油气和水的地层梯度，并表征储层水平的平均地下压力。结果显示，沿盆地存在明显的压力区，如图2所示，但控制高压环境的因素尚不完全清楚。通常，根据文献报道(如Bradley & Powley, 1994)，压力隔室被解释为密封的有效性，防止压力平衡到正常的静水压力。然而，Santos和Campos盆地的高压带和低压带并不总是与盐提取直接相关，这表明其他因素，如不平衡压实和热历史，可能在石油系统的动力学和聚集的保存条件中非常重要。

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引用次数: 0

Non-marine carbonate reservoir architecture, genesis and petrophysical characterisation from analogues - Travertines, Shrubs, Laminites and Spherulites 非海相碳酸盐岩储层结构、成因和类似物的岩石物性特征——钙华、灌木、层状岩和球粒岩

First EAGE Workshop on Pre-Salt Reservoir: from Exploration to Production

Pub Date : 2019-12-05 DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.201982014

H. Claes, J. Soete, M. Erthal, Ágnes Török, Zahra Mohammadi, Cihan Aratman, T. Miranda, A. Mancini, E. Capezzuoli, J. Schmatz, J. Aguillar, L. Zieger, R. Swennen

Summary For the deep South-Atlantic Pre-Salt carbonate reservoirs information on reservoir heterogeneity between core and seismic scale is lacking. Worldwide non-marine carbonate reservoir analogues provide quantitative geometrical and petrophysical data. Large-scale outcrops with similar sedimentological, diagenetic, petrophysical and structural features give insight in reservoir controlling parameters from below core-scale up to seismic scale

对于南大西洋深部盐下碳酸盐岩储层，缺乏岩心和地震尺度间储层非均质性信息。世界范围内的非海相碳酸盐岩储层类似物提供了定量的几何和岩石物理数据。大型露头具有相似的沉积、成岩、岩石物理和构造特征，可以从岩心尺度下到地震尺度上深入了解储层控制参数

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全部化学•材料生命科学医学物理工程技术环境•农林材料科学地球科学法学管理学化学环境科学与生态学计算机科学教育学经济学农林科学人文科学生物学数学物理与天体物理心理学综合性期刊其他工业工程理学历史学农学文学信息工程

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全部 ACS Publications Elsevier ieeexplore Springer The Royal Society of Chemistry Wiley

期刊

First EAGE Workshop on Pre-Salt Reservoir: from Exploration to Production

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