Congenital radial head luxation was diagnosed in a 7-month-old, neutered female cat that presented a right forelimb lameness. Clinical and radiographic examination revealed a caudolateral luxation of the right radial head, which was treated by radial head ostectomy. For months, postoperative radiographic recheck documented remodelling of the radial head, without humero-radial conflict, and clinical examination revealed resolution of lameness and restoring of the normal elbow range of motion. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first case report of a congenital radial head luxation in a caudolateral direction in a cat that was successfully managed surgically with radial head ostectomy.
{"title":"Surgical Treatment of Congenital Radial Head Luxation in a Cat by Ostectomy of Radial Head","authors":"Pauline Verdese, S. Manfredini, L. Formaggini","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1742473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1742473","url":null,"abstract":"Congenital radial head luxation was diagnosed in a 7-month-old, neutered female cat that presented a right forelimb lameness. Clinical and radiographic examination revealed a caudolateral luxation of the right radial head, which was treated by radial head ostectomy. For months, postoperative radiographic recheck documented remodelling of the radial head, without humero-radial conflict, and clinical examination revealed resolution of lameness and restoring of the normal elbow range of motion. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first case report of a congenital radial head luxation in a caudolateral direction in a cat that was successfully managed surgically with radial head ostectomy.","PeriodicalId":443672,"journal":{"name":"VCOT Open","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116761207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anya Price, Daniel J Lopez, D. Valenzano, C. Frye, U. Krotscheck
This case report describes the use of a Z-plasty tenotomy and anastomosis to surgically lengthen the deep digital flexor (DDF) tendons of digits 2 to 5 of the pelvic limb in a 6-year-old male castrated Greyhound. The procedure was used to treat contracture of this tendon complex which developed after a series of complications secondary to proximal osteotomies utilized for the treatment of cranial cruciate ligament rupture. The dog was evaluated for lameness associated with left cranial cruciate ligament rupture and excessive tibial plateau slope; accordingly, a combined tibial plateau levelling osteotomy and cranial closing wedge ostectomy was performed. Postoperatively, the dog developed substantial DDF tendon contracture that led to severe digital hyperflexion and contributed to a non-weight bearing lameness. The dog received intensive rehabilitation therapy but failed to substantially improve; therefore, all of the weight-bearing left hindlimb DDF tendons were lengthened with a Z-plasty tenotomy and anastomosis followed by further rehabilitation. Follow-up evaluation 44 months postoperatively documented mild, intermittent left hindlimb lameness on gait observation and confirmed success of the Z-plasty procedure via ultrasonographic evaluation. Conservative treatment alone was unsuccessful in managing DDF tendon contracture in this dog. Z-plasty tenotomy and anastomosis of the DDF tendon allowed for return-to-acceptable function in this case.
{"title":"Deep Digital Flexor Contracture following Combined Tibial Plateau Levelling Osteotomy and Cranial Closing Wedge Ostectomy: A Case Report in a Dog","authors":"Anya Price, Daniel J Lopez, D. Valenzano, C. Frye, U. Krotscheck","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1742469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1742469","url":null,"abstract":"This case report describes the use of a Z-plasty tenotomy and anastomosis to surgically lengthen the deep digital flexor (DDF) tendons of digits 2 to 5 of the pelvic limb in a 6-year-old male castrated Greyhound. The procedure was used to treat contracture of this tendon complex which developed after a series of complications secondary to proximal osteotomies utilized for the treatment of cranial cruciate ligament rupture. The dog was evaluated for lameness associated with left cranial cruciate ligament rupture and excessive tibial plateau slope; accordingly, a combined tibial plateau levelling osteotomy and cranial closing wedge ostectomy was performed. Postoperatively, the dog developed substantial DDF tendon contracture that led to severe digital hyperflexion and contributed to a non-weight bearing lameness. The dog received intensive rehabilitation therapy but failed to substantially improve; therefore, all of the weight-bearing left hindlimb DDF tendons were lengthened with a Z-plasty tenotomy and anastomosis followed by further rehabilitation. Follow-up evaluation 44 months postoperatively documented mild, intermittent left hindlimb lameness on gait observation and confirmed success of the Z-plasty procedure via ultrasonographic evaluation. Conservative treatment alone was unsuccessful in managing DDF tendon contracture in this dog. Z-plasty tenotomy and anastomosis of the DDF tendon allowed for return-to-acceptable function in this case.","PeriodicalId":443672,"journal":{"name":"VCOT Open","volume":"154 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132313855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Charlotte E. Gillis, M. H. Jaffe, Alison M Lee, M. Seitz
Objective The aim of this study was to determine if inadvertent iatrogenic damage to the iliopsoas tendon can occur during routine femoral head and neck ostectomy (FHO), using a cadaveric dog model. Study Design Four cadaveric specimens (eight hindlimbs total) of dogs that were humanely euthanatized for reasons unrelated to this study. Pre-experimental radiography confirmed absence of pelvic or femoral comorbidities. Each limb of each paired sample was randomly assigned as either dissection-only control or FHO. The simulated FHO procedures were performed by an American College of Veterinary Surgeons diplomate, and post-procedure radiography confirmed appropriate ostectomy. The FHO limbs underwent pre- and postoperative ultrasonographic investigation by an American College of Veterinary Radiology diplomate. Finally, the FHO limbs were grossly dissected, and abnormalities were documented. Results Gross visual damage was seen on all postoperative FHO limbs. The damage was most apparent in extreme external rotation of the limb at dissection. Yet, ultrasound investigation did not reveal changes associated with these gross lesions. Conclusion Iatrogenic inadvertent damage to the iliopsoas tendon may occur during routine FHO, as demonstrated in this ex vivo model; however, this result is not evidence for clinical relevance. A prospective clinical study is needed to assess if iliopsoas injury secondary to FHO has any clinical impact on recovery and limb function.
{"title":"Iatrogenic Iliopsoas Tendon Injury May Occur during Femoral Head and Neck Ostectomy—An Ex-Vivo Study in Dogs","authors":"Charlotte E. Gillis, M. H. Jaffe, Alison M Lee, M. Seitz","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1750034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1750034","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Objective The aim of this study was to determine if inadvertent iatrogenic damage to the iliopsoas tendon can occur during routine femoral head and neck ostectomy (FHO), using a cadaveric dog model.\u0000 Study Design Four cadaveric specimens (eight hindlimbs total) of dogs that were humanely euthanatized for reasons unrelated to this study. Pre-experimental radiography confirmed absence of pelvic or femoral comorbidities. Each limb of each paired sample was randomly assigned as either dissection-only control or FHO. The simulated FHO procedures were performed by an American College of Veterinary Surgeons diplomate, and post-procedure radiography confirmed appropriate ostectomy. The FHO limbs underwent pre- and postoperative ultrasonographic investigation by an American College of Veterinary Radiology diplomate. Finally, the FHO limbs were grossly dissected, and abnormalities were documented.\u0000 Results Gross visual damage was seen on all postoperative FHO limbs. The damage was most apparent in extreme external rotation of the limb at dissection. Yet, ultrasound investigation did not reveal changes associated with these gross lesions.\u0000 Conclusion Iatrogenic inadvertent damage to the iliopsoas tendon may occur during routine FHO, as demonstrated in this ex vivo model; however, this result is not evidence for clinical relevance. A prospective clinical study is needed to assess if iliopsoas injury secondary to FHO has any clinical impact on recovery and limb function.","PeriodicalId":443672,"journal":{"name":"VCOT Open","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123950172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Verónica Rodiño Tilve, T. Maddox, L. Ressel, R. Pettitt
This report is of an osseous metaplasia of the transverse humeral ligament and secondary bicipital tenosynovitis in a 10-year-old Bengal cat. Computed tomography revealed the presence of an osseous bridge enclosing the bicipital groove, with ultrasonography confirming partial tear and inflammation of the bicipital tendon. Initial conservative management with intra-articular long-acting steroids failed to provide long-term improvement of clinical signs. Surgical excision of the osseous lesion resulted in complete resolution of lameness after surgery, confirmed by a 1-year follow-up. Histopathology of this lesion confirmed a well-differentiated osseous metaplasia of the transverse humeral ligament.
{"title":"Osseous Metaplasia of the Transverse Humeral Ligament in a 10-Year-Old Bengal Cat","authors":"Verónica Rodiño Tilve, T. Maddox, L. Ressel, R. Pettitt","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1742472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1742472","url":null,"abstract":"This report is of an osseous metaplasia of the transverse humeral ligament and secondary bicipital tenosynovitis in a 10-year-old Bengal cat. Computed tomography revealed the presence of an osseous bridge enclosing the bicipital groove, with ultrasonography confirming partial tear and inflammation of the bicipital tendon. Initial conservative management with intra-articular long-acting steroids failed to provide long-term improvement of clinical signs. Surgical excision of the osseous lesion resulted in complete resolution of lameness after surgery, confirmed by a 1-year follow-up. Histopathology of this lesion confirmed a well-differentiated osseous metaplasia of the transverse humeral ligament.","PeriodicalId":443672,"journal":{"name":"VCOT Open","volume":"250 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120866018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Teunissen, S. Mastbergen, D. C. Spoelman, F. Lafeber, I. Ludwig, F. Broere, M. Tryfonidou, B. Meij
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease diagnosed in veterinary practice. There is no cure; where conservative treatment fails, a joint prosthesis is the last resort. In human OA patients, temporary distraction is a joint-preserving treatment which provides clinical and structural benefits, and postpones the need for total knee replacement for up to 9 years. In this single case, feasibility of knee joint distraction (KJD) was assessed in a 9-year-old female Dobermann with severe OA. Osteoarthritis of the left stifle joint was diagnosed clinically and radiographically. Knee joint distraction was applied for 7 weeks using a custom-made, hinged, external fixator. Follow-up of 1 year included owner questionnaires, orthopaedic examination, radiography, and force plate analysis. Additionally, synovial fluid biomarkers were assessed. Application and removal of the KJD frame were successfully accomplished without surgical complications. During KJD, the dog tolerated the frame well and maintained the use of the left hindlimb. Mild pin tract infection developed during the distraction period, which responded well to oral antibiotic medications. Owners reported clinical improvement during KJD and the follow-up period. This was confirmed by force plate analysis, demonstrating improvement from 3 months and onward. KJD proved to be a feasible strategy to treat end-stage OA in this single case; clinical efficacy remains to be determined in a larger cohort.
{"title":"Knee Joint Distraction in a Dog as Treatment for Severe Osteoarthritis","authors":"M. Teunissen, S. Mastbergen, D. C. Spoelman, F. Lafeber, I. Ludwig, F. Broere, M. Tryfonidou, B. Meij","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1742471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1742471","url":null,"abstract":"Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease diagnosed in veterinary practice. There is no cure; where conservative treatment fails, a joint prosthesis is the last resort. In human OA patients, temporary distraction is a joint-preserving treatment which provides clinical and structural benefits, and postpones the need for total knee replacement for up to 9 years. In this single case, feasibility of knee joint distraction (KJD) was assessed in a 9-year-old female Dobermann with severe OA. Osteoarthritis of the left stifle joint was diagnosed clinically and radiographically. Knee joint distraction was applied for 7 weeks using a custom-made, hinged, external fixator. Follow-up of 1 year included owner questionnaires, orthopaedic examination, radiography, and force plate analysis. Additionally, synovial fluid biomarkers were assessed. Application and removal of the KJD frame were successfully accomplished without surgical complications. During KJD, the dog tolerated the frame well and maintained the use of the left hindlimb. Mild pin tract infection developed during the distraction period, which responded well to oral antibiotic medications. Owners reported clinical improvement during KJD and the follow-up period. This was confirmed by force plate analysis, demonstrating improvement from 3 months and onward. KJD proved to be a feasible strategy to treat end-stage OA in this single case; clinical efficacy remains to be determined in a larger cohort.","PeriodicalId":443672,"journal":{"name":"VCOT Open","volume":"142 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123411976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Objective Pain management is an essential component of perioperative patient care. Multimodal pain management strategies have the potential to provide more effective analgesia than a single drug. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of gabapentin as an adjuvant to carprofen for the management of postoperative pain following tibial plateau levelling osteotomy surgery. Materials and Methods The study included 20 adult dogs with unilateral cranial cruciate ligament disease, assigned to one of two postoperative treatment groups, receiving either carprofen (4.4 mg/kg orally every 24 hours) or carprofen plus gabapentin 20 mg/kg, orally, every 8 hours beginning the night prior to surgery and continuing for 14 days postoperatively. The patients were blindly assessed postoperatively using the Short Form of the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale (GCMPS-SF) and limb function measured by pressure platform gait analysis. There was no difference in body weight, age, affected hindlimb or sex between groups. Result No differences were found in (GCMPS-SF) pain assessments; after surgery, a (GCMPS-SF) more than or equal to 6 was documented in four dogs (two dogs in each group) and no dog required rescue analgesia more than once. Conclusion In this population of dogs, the addition of oral gabapentin at the dose and frequency studied did not improve subjective or objective outcome measures for perioperative pain control following tibial plateau levelling osteotomy surgery.
{"title":"Evaluation of Gabapentin in the Treatment of Postoperative Pain after a Tibial Plateau Levelling Osteotomy in Dogs","authors":"D. Almeida, E. Wendt-Hornickle, M. Conzemius","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1751069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1751069","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective Pain management is an essential component of perioperative patient care. Multimodal pain management strategies have the potential to provide more effective analgesia than a single drug. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of gabapentin as an adjuvant to carprofen for the management of postoperative pain following tibial plateau levelling osteotomy surgery. Materials and Methods The study included 20 adult dogs with unilateral cranial cruciate ligament disease, assigned to one of two postoperative treatment groups, receiving either carprofen (4.4 mg/kg orally every 24 hours) or carprofen plus gabapentin 20 mg/kg, orally, every 8 hours beginning the night prior to surgery and continuing for 14 days postoperatively. The patients were blindly assessed postoperatively using the Short Form of the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale (GCMPS-SF) and limb function measured by pressure platform gait analysis. There was no difference in body weight, age, affected hindlimb or sex between groups. Result No differences were found in (GCMPS-SF) pain assessments; after surgery, a (GCMPS-SF) more than or equal to 6 was documented in four dogs (two dogs in each group) and no dog required rescue analgesia more than once. Conclusion In this population of dogs, the addition of oral gabapentin at the dose and frequency studied did not improve subjective or objective outcome measures for perioperative pain control following tibial plateau levelling osteotomy surgery.","PeriodicalId":443672,"journal":{"name":"VCOT Open","volume":"377 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132947749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eline J.C. van den Brink, G. Grinwis, K. Willemsen, Floor Driessen, S. Boroffka, B. Meij
Abstract In two dogs, skull defects were closed with a patient-specific implant created by additive manufacturing after excision of tumours of the skull. Both dogs presented with a space-occupying mass in which excisional surgery without the use of implants would have resulted in incomplete closure due to extensive bone defects of the skull. The aim of the present case report is to describe the use of individualized three-dimensional-printed titanium implants for skull reconstruction following oncological surgery. The reconstructive implant-based surgeries performed in these patients were feasible without complications.
{"title":"Additive Manufacturing of Titanium Implants for Skull Reconstruction in 2 Dogs after Bone Tumour Excision","authors":"Eline J.C. van den Brink, G. Grinwis, K. Willemsen, Floor Driessen, S. Boroffka, B. Meij","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1758679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1758679","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In two dogs, skull defects were closed with a patient-specific implant created by additive manufacturing after excision of tumours of the skull. Both dogs presented with a space-occupying mass in which excisional surgery without the use of implants would have resulted in incomplete closure due to extensive bone defects of the skull. The aim of the present case report is to describe the use of individualized three-dimensional-printed titanium implants for skull reconstruction following oncological surgery. The reconstructive implant-based surgeries performed in these patients were feasible without complications.","PeriodicalId":443672,"journal":{"name":"VCOT Open","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133053278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This case report describes a dog with an infiltrative intramuscular lipoma in the antebrachium, presenting with chronic left forelimb lameness and altered posture of the digits. Computed tomography showed a fat-attenuating mass displacing the flexor tendons. The mass was surgically excised along with the affected muscle belly and tendon; histopathological examination revealed infiltration of adipose tissue cells within the muscle belly and tendon sheath of the deep digital flexor muscle. After removal of the lipoma, lameness resolved, full ambulatory function returned, without recurrence at 1 year follow-up.
{"title":"Infiltrative Intramuscular Lipoma in the Antebrachium of a Dog","authors":"F. Tirillini, S. Clarke, Amy Ferreira, S. Baines","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1757345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1757345","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This case report describes a dog with an infiltrative intramuscular lipoma in the antebrachium, presenting with chronic left forelimb lameness and altered posture of the digits. Computed tomography showed a fat-attenuating mass displacing the flexor tendons. The mass was surgically excised along with the affected muscle belly and tendon; histopathological examination revealed infiltration of adipose tissue cells within the muscle belly and tendon sheath of the deep digital flexor muscle. After removal of the lipoma, lameness resolved, full ambulatory function returned, without recurrence at 1 year follow-up.","PeriodicalId":443672,"journal":{"name":"VCOT Open","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128019814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Beishuizen, N. Caliskan, A. Gröne, S. Boroffka, M. Tryfonidou, B. Meij
Abstract The purpose of this case report was to describe a cat with generalized bone dysplasia, resembling osteopetrosis and Albers-Schönberg disease in humans. A 1-year-3-month-old, intact male, domestic shorthair cat had a 9-month history of multiple bone fractures without known trauma. Most fractures were treated conservatively and two by osteosynthesis. Bone healing occurred but recurring fractures eventually led to euthanasia. Radiographs, computed tomographic imaging, postmortem analysis and histopathologic examination revealed a generalized increase in bone density and mass with preservation of bone shape, obliteration of the bone marrow cavity and persistence of cartilage and primary trabeculae. Abuse and secondary bone diseases were excluded. History, diagnostic bloodwork, radiographs, computed tomographic imaging and histopathologic examination supported the diagnosis of inherited osteopetrosis and strongly resembled Albers-Schönberg disease in humans. The presence of osteoclasts suggested that the underlying pathology might be found in osteoclast dysfunction, deficient number of osteoclasts, inadequate recruitment of osteoclasts, or other micro environmental changes. In (young) cats that are presented with recurring fractures and the possible suspicion of abuse, inherited osteopetrosis should be considered as a differential diagnosis.
{"title":"Osteopetrosis in a Domestic Shorthair Cat","authors":"R. Beishuizen, N. Caliskan, A. Gröne, S. Boroffka, M. Tryfonidou, B. Meij","doi":"10.1055/s-0040-1722735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1722735","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The purpose of this case report was to describe a cat with generalized bone dysplasia, resembling osteopetrosis and Albers-Schönberg disease in humans. A 1-year-3-month-old, intact male, domestic shorthair cat had a 9-month history of multiple bone fractures without known trauma. Most fractures were treated conservatively and two by osteosynthesis. Bone healing occurred but recurring fractures eventually led to euthanasia. Radiographs, computed tomographic imaging, postmortem analysis and histopathologic examination revealed a generalized increase in bone density and mass with preservation of bone shape, obliteration of the bone marrow cavity and persistence of cartilage and primary trabeculae. Abuse and secondary bone diseases were excluded. History, diagnostic bloodwork, radiographs, computed tomographic imaging and histopathologic examination supported the diagnosis of inherited osteopetrosis and strongly resembled Albers-Schönberg disease in humans. The presence of osteoclasts suggested that the underlying pathology might be found in osteoclast dysfunction, deficient number of osteoclasts, inadequate recruitment of osteoclasts, or other micro environmental changes. In (young) cats that are presented with recurring fractures and the possible suspicion of abuse, inherited osteopetrosis should be considered as a differential diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":443672,"journal":{"name":"VCOT Open","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121387690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matthew A. Lazarus, Stanley E. Kim, D. Lewis, Matthew D Johnson
Objectives The aim of this study was to describe the use of an intra-articular delivery of a dextran polymer (IADP) for bacterial infective arthritis in dogs. Materials and Methods Cases of bacterial infective arthritis treated with IADP were reviewed. Resolution of infection was based on joint fluid cytology. Lameness scores, total nucleated cell counts, and per cent neutrophils were monitored throughout treatment. Results There were 14 dogs included in the study. The stifle was the most commonly affected joint. The median number of injections per dog was 3 with a median of 2 weeks between injections. Amikacin was combined with the dextran polymer in 13 cases and imipenem was used in 1 case. Concurrent oral antimicrobials were used in 12/14 cases, and surgery for infection was performed in 10/14 cases. Cytological evidence of infection resolved in 11/14 cases. Median lameness scores throughout treatment decreased from severe (grade ¾) at initial presentation to mild (grade ¼) at the final recheck. Median total nucleated cell counts and per cent neutrophils decreased from 40,000 white blood cell/µL and 91% to 2,200 white blood cell/µL and 4% respectively. A transient worsening of lameness was the main side effect documented in 5/14 cases. Conclusion Intra-articular dextran polymer combined with antimicrobials was generally well tolerated; however, the efficacy of IADP was unknown in this population since most dogs received concurrent oral antimicrobials and/or surgery.
{"title":"Intra-articular Injection of a Dextran Polymer Combined with Antibiotic Medications for Bacterial Infective Arthritis in Dogs: 14 Cases","authors":"Matthew A. Lazarus, Stanley E. Kim, D. Lewis, Matthew D Johnson","doi":"10.1055/s-0041-1739460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1739460","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Objectives The aim of this study was to describe the use of an intra-articular delivery of a dextran polymer (IADP) for bacterial infective arthritis in dogs.\u0000 Materials and Methods Cases of bacterial infective arthritis treated with IADP were reviewed. Resolution of infection was based on joint fluid cytology. Lameness scores, total nucleated cell counts, and per cent neutrophils were monitored throughout treatment.\u0000 Results There were 14 dogs included in the study. The stifle was the most commonly affected joint. The median number of injections per dog was 3 with a median of 2 weeks between injections. Amikacin was combined with the dextran polymer in 13 cases and imipenem was used in 1 case. Concurrent oral antimicrobials were used in 12/14 cases, and surgery for infection was performed in 10/14 cases. Cytological evidence of infection resolved in 11/14 cases. Median lameness scores throughout treatment decreased from severe (grade ¾) at initial presentation to mild (grade ¼) at the final recheck. Median total nucleated cell counts and per cent neutrophils decreased from 40,000 white blood cell/µL and 91% to 2,200 white blood cell/µL and 4% respectively. A transient worsening of lameness was the main side effect documented in 5/14 cases.\u0000 Conclusion Intra-articular dextran polymer combined with antimicrobials was generally well tolerated; however, the efficacy of IADP was unknown in this population since most dogs received concurrent oral antimicrobials and/or surgery.","PeriodicalId":443672,"journal":{"name":"VCOT Open","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131384260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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