The use of original sources has led to the reconstruction of happenings tied to the preparation, realization and management of the race census conducted by the fascist regime on August 22nd 1938 in Milan, organized and managed by the prefecture and by the city of Milan. A thorough reconstruction of the work carried out by Milan’s bureaucratic machine has shown just how the census led to an intrusion of the very lives of the individuals it accounted for. Additionally, it represented the initial phase of a wide-scale and in-depth persecutory action that gave rise to the proclamation of royal legislative decree 1728/1938. This dealt with a general yet genuine backing of the fascist-led administrative and bureaucratic apparatus, which was shown off in Milan for its considerable efficiency.
{"title":"Il censimento della razza del 22 agosto 1938 a Milano. Modalità attuative e gestione burocratica","authors":"E. Edallo","doi":"10.7375/96528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7375/96528","url":null,"abstract":"The use of original sources has led to the reconstruction of happenings tied to the preparation, realization and management of the race census conducted by the fascist regime on August 22nd 1938 in Milan, organized and managed by the prefecture and by the city of Milan. A thorough reconstruction of the work carried out by Milan’s bureaucratic machine has shown just how the census led to an intrusion of the very lives of the individuals it accounted for. Additionally, it represented the initial phase of a wide-scale and in-depth persecutory action that gave rise to the proclamation of royal legislative decree 1728/1938. This dealt with a general yet genuine backing of the fascist-led administrative and bureaucratic apparatus, which was shown off in Milan for its considerable efficiency.","PeriodicalId":44500,"journal":{"name":"STUDI STORICI","volume":"61 1","pages":"103-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71299273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article aims to examine the approaches adopted by Rosario Villari to seventeenthcentury history in the light of his relationships with scholars outside Italy. Villari’s works will be interpreted by consulting his correspondence housed at Fondazione Gramsci. It appears clear that his ideas on the complexity of the seventeenth century developed and matured in close connection with the contemporary international debate, just as it was fostered by intense scholarly and personal exchanges with French, British, American and Spanish historians. We have identified two important points in his career: the late 1960s, when he became interested in the comparative study in Europe of popular rebellions and social relationships in the rural setting; and, later, in the 1980s, when at Princeton his scholarly attention shifted from economic-social topics to political and cultural history. His last work – Un sogno di liberta – reflects this change in a problematic way.
本文旨在根据罗萨里奥·维拉里与意大利以外学者的关系，研究他对17世纪历史所采用的方法。维拉里的作品将通过查阅葛兰西基金会收藏的他的信件来解读。很明显，他关于17世纪复杂性的观点是在与法国、英国、美国和西班牙历史学家的激烈学术和个人交流中，与当代国际辩论密切相关而发展和成熟的。我们已经确定了他职业生涯中的两个重要时期:20世纪60年代末，他开始对欧洲农村背景下的民众反叛和社会关系的比较研究感兴趣;后来，在20世纪80年代，当他在普林斯顿大学时，他的学术注意力从经济-社会主题转向了政治和文化史。他的最后一部作品《自由》(Un sogno di liberta)以一种有问题的方式反映了这种变化。
{"title":"The Comparison with International Historiography: the Turning Point of the Seventeenth Century","authors":"Maria Antonietta Visceglia","doi":"10.7375/96962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7375/96962","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to examine the approaches adopted by Rosario Villari to seventeenthcentury history in the light of his relationships with scholars outside Italy. Villari’s works will be interpreted by consulting his correspondence housed at Fondazione Gramsci. It appears clear that his ideas on the complexity of the seventeenth century developed and matured in close connection with the contemporary international debate, just as it was fostered by intense scholarly and personal exchanges with French, British, American and Spanish historians. We have identified two important points in his career: the late 1960s, when he became interested in the comparative study in Europe of popular rebellions and social relationships in the rural setting; and, later, in the 1980s, when at Princeton his scholarly attention shifted from economic-social topics to political and cultural history. His last work – Un sogno di liberta – reflects this change in a problematic way.","PeriodicalId":44500,"journal":{"name":"STUDI STORICI","volume":"61 1","pages":"369-392"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71299735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This essay studies the meaning of the concept of revolt/revolution in the historiographic work of Rosario Villari, as well as the analysis he carried out with regard to this phenomenon and the forms it adopted, taking into account the special interest he showed in the evolution of its stances and explanations through the years. Despite having the great revolt of Naples of 1647-1648 as the main focus of his research, in his different works, this specialist always tended to compare this episode to other rebellions occurring in the Early Modern period, taking a particular interest in the mutual influences shared by different European revolts. The development and changes of his approaches to this subject have a starting and final point respectively in the two versions of his seminal book focused on the conflict known as Masianello’s revolt, the first one being published in 1967 and the second in 2012.
{"title":"Las revueltas: interpretación y comparaciones","authors":"L. García","doi":"10.7375/96965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7375/96965","url":null,"abstract":"This essay studies the meaning of the concept of revolt/revolution in the historiographic work of Rosario Villari, as well as the analysis he carried out with regard to this phenomenon and the forms it adopted, taking into account the special interest he showed in the evolution of its stances and explanations through the years. Despite having the great revolt of Naples of 1647-1648 as the main focus of his research, in his different works, this specialist always tended to compare this episode to other rebellions occurring in the Early Modern period, taking a particular interest in the mutual influences shared by different European revolts. The development and changes of his approaches to this subject have a starting and final point respectively in the two versions of his seminal book focused on the conflict known as Masianello’s revolt, the first one being published in 1967 and the second in 2012.","PeriodicalId":44500,"journal":{"name":"STUDI STORICI","volume":"61 1","pages":"423-436"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71299810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The essay analyses and discusses three categories of Rosario Villari’s historical discourse. The territory as a spatial configuration marked by the agricultural identity that Villari affects in its structural data (distribution of land ownership, peasant struggles, taxation). The privileges (of citizenship, forum, class...) which form the basis of a continuous negotiation between the Neapolitans and the Spanish monarchy. Finally, the fiefdoms, which the nobility tries to protect to their advantage both as an economic and political resource.
{"title":"Territories, Privileges, Fiefdoms","authors":"G. Muto","doi":"10.7375/96967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7375/96967","url":null,"abstract":"The essay analyses and discusses three categories of Rosario Villari’s historical discourse. The territory as a spatial configuration marked by the agricultural identity that Villari affects in its structural data (distribution of land ownership, peasant struggles, taxation). The privileges (of citizenship, forum, class...) which form the basis of a continuous negotiation between the Neapolitans and the Spanish monarchy. Finally, the fiefdoms, which the nobility tries to protect to their advantage both as an economic and political resource.","PeriodicalId":44500,"journal":{"name":"STUDI STORICI","volume":"28 1","pages":"449-460"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71299863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Relationship with the Italian Communist Party","authors":"L. Masella","doi":"10.7375/96958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7375/96958","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44500,"journal":{"name":"STUDI STORICI","volume":"61 1","pages":"294-303"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71300020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This essay is an account of my personal, intellectual and professional relationship with Rosario Villari between September 1981, when he spent six months with me in Princeton as a Visiting Member at the Institute for Advanced Study, and his death in 2017. We spent much time together discussing his plans for a companion volume to his La rivolta antispagnola a Napoli, a book I greatly admired. Following his return to Italy we continued to discuss plans for his new publications, and notably Elogio della dissimulazione and Un sogno di liberta, and my wife and I were fortunate to be able to stay with him and Anna Rosa on a number of occasions in Cetona at the Podere Santa Fortunata, while also exploring Tuscany, Rome and Naples. I learnt much from him and owe a great deal to his friendship over the years.
这篇文章讲述了1981年9月罗萨里奥·维拉里(Rosario Villari)作为普林斯顿高等研究院(Institute for Advanced Study)的访问学者，与我在普林斯顿待了六个月，直到他于2017年去世，我与他在个人、智力和职业上的关系。我们花了很多时间在一起讨论他为我非常欣赏的《那不勒斯的反意大利面》(La rivolta antispagnola a Napoli)写一本配套书的计划。在他回到意大利之后，我们继续讨论他的新出版物的计划，尤其是《虚伪的幻想》和《自由之歌》。我和妻子很幸运，能够和他和安娜·罗莎一起在切托纳的圣福尔图纳塔书店住过几次，同时也去了托斯卡纳、罗马和那不勒斯。我从他那里学到了很多东西，多年来他的友谊给了我很大的帮助。
{"title":"Rosario, Historian and Friend","authors":"J. Elliott","doi":"10.7375/96974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7375/96974","url":null,"abstract":"This essay is an account of my personal, intellectual and professional relationship with Rosario Villari between September 1981, when he spent six months with me in Princeton as a Visiting Member at the Institute for Advanced Study, and his death in 2017. We spent much time together discussing his plans for a companion volume to his La rivolta antispagnola a Napoli, a book I greatly admired. Following his return to Italy we continued to discuss plans for his new publications, and notably Elogio della dissimulazione and Un sogno di liberta, and my wife and I were fortunate to be able to stay with him and Anna Rosa on a number of occasions in Cetona at the Podere Santa Fortunata, while also exploring Tuscany, Rome and Naples. I learnt much from him and owe a great deal to his friendship over the years.","PeriodicalId":44500,"journal":{"name":"STUDI STORICI","volume":"61 1","pages":"545-551"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71300044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alongside Pasquale Villani and Giuseppe Galasso, Rosario Villari was one of the great post- War Italian historians, characterized by his cultural background and strong commitment to Southern Italian studies, or Meridionalism. Active in the Pci as a leader of the peasant struggles in Calabria, he played important roles in the southern periodicals inspired by the Pci in the 1950s. In particular, in the journal «Cronache meridionali», of which he was editor, he published, between 1954 and 1959, the original essays on the Meridionalists and the questione meridionale, which in 1961 were included in the great Laterza anthology Il Sud nella storia d’Italia. The interpretative key of the questione meridionale, indicated in 1963 and reaffirmed in 1977 in the journal «Studi Storici», was established in the «interdependence between North and South» and in the «renunciation of the use of potential human, economic and political resources in the process of modernizing the country and intellectuals of the South».
罗萨里奥·维拉里与帕斯夸莱·维拉尼和朱塞佩·加拉索一样，是战后意大利伟大的历史学家之一，他的文化背景和对意大利南部研究的坚定承诺，或称子午线主义。作为卡拉布里亚农民斗争的领导者，他活跃于意大利共产党，在20世纪50年代受意大利共产党启发的南方期刊中发挥了重要作用。特别是，在他担任编辑的杂志«Cronache meridionali»上，他在1954年至1959年之间发表了关于子午线主义者和子午线问题的原创文章，这些文章于1961年被收录在伟大的Laterza选集Il Sud nella storia d 'Italia中。1963年在《历史研究》杂志上指出并于1977年重申的子日问题的解释性关键在于“南北之间的相互依存”和“在国家和南方知识分子现代化的过程中放弃使用潜在的人力、经济和政治资源”。
{"title":"Mezzogiorno and Meridionalism","authors":"F. Barbagallo","doi":"10.7375/96971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7375/96971","url":null,"abstract":"Alongside Pasquale Villani and Giuseppe Galasso, Rosario Villari was one of the great post- War Italian historians, characterized by his cultural background and strong commitment to Southern Italian studies, or Meridionalism. Active in the Pci as a leader of the peasant struggles in Calabria, he played important roles in the southern periodicals inspired by the Pci in the 1950s. In particular, in the journal «Cronache meridionali», of which he was editor, he published, between 1954 and 1959, the original essays on the Meridionalists and the questione meridionale, which in 1961 were included in the great Laterza anthology Il Sud nella storia d’Italia. The interpretative key of the questione meridionale, indicated in 1963 and reaffirmed in 1977 in the journal «Studi Storici», was established in the «interdependence between North and South» and in the «renunciation of the use of potential human, economic and political resources in the process of modernizing the country and intellectuals of the South».","PeriodicalId":44500,"journal":{"name":"STUDI STORICI","volume":"61 1","pages":"503-515"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71300095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article deals with the debate on foreign workers’ housing conditions within the European Economic Community from its establishment until the mid-1970s, a topic thus far scantly investigated. The research aims to assess to what extent EEC politicians and public officers were influenced by opposing views on migration issues in the member states and national stereotypes, focusing on two surveys carried out on behalf of the European Commission, respectively, in 1959-1961 and in 1974-1975. The contribution applies an interdisciplinary perspective, by reference to models and concepts developed by the social sciences, in order to overcome the limits of an exclusively descriptive approach and provide a broader key to interpret EEC migration policy over the long term.
{"title":"Migrazioni e questione degli alloggi nella Cee tra anni Sessanta e Settanta. Due inchieste della Commissione europea","authors":"E. Tizzoni","doi":"10.7375/96530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7375/96530","url":null,"abstract":"This article deals with the debate on foreign workers’ housing conditions within the European Economic Community from its establishment until the mid-1970s, a topic thus far scantly investigated. The research aims to assess to what extent EEC politicians and public officers were influenced by opposing views on migration issues in the member states and national stereotypes, focusing on two surveys carried out on behalf of the European Commission, respectively, in 1959-1961 and in 1974-1975. The contribution applies an interdisciplinary perspective, by reference to models and concepts developed by the social sciences, in order to overcome the limits of an exclusively descriptive approach and provide a broader key to interpret EEC migration policy over the long term.","PeriodicalId":44500,"journal":{"name":"STUDI STORICI","volume":"88 1","pages":"165-191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71299327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Far from any kind of nationalist rhetoric, Villari initiated an important debate on concepts such as homeland, nation, and loyalty in the Early Modern Age. He would often return to these subjects during his research. Thanks to his extensive knowledge of seventeenthcentury societies and his skilful use of both published and unpublished historical sources, he understood the key role played by the Mezzogiorno d’Italia. According to him, Southern Italy was indeed the place where patriotic and libertarian aspirations had already appeared in the second half of the seventeenth century and found fertile ground in the following decades as well. In the Kingdom of Naples, for instance, the traditional subservience among the single stakeholders began to break down and, in the context of the Neapolitan Republic led by Masaniello, a new political vocabulary came to life.
与任何民族主义修辞不同，维拉里在近代早期发起了一场关于祖国、民族和忠诚等概念的重要辩论。在他的研究中，他经常回到这些问题上。由于他对17世纪社会的广泛了解，以及他对已出版和未出版的历史资料的熟练运用，他了解意大利Mezzogiorno d 'Italia所起的关键作用。根据他的观点，意大利南部确实是爱国主义和自由意志主义在17世纪下半叶就已经出现的地方，并且在接下来的几十年里也找到了肥沃的土壤。例如，在那不勒斯王国，单一利益相关者之间的传统从属关系开始瓦解，在马萨涅洛领导的那不勒斯共和国的背景下，一种新的政治词汇开始活跃起来。
{"title":"Homeland and Loyalty","authors":"Marina Formica","doi":"10.7375/96968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7375/96968","url":null,"abstract":"Far from any kind of nationalist rhetoric, Villari initiated an important debate on concepts such as homeland, nation, and loyalty in the Early Modern Age. He would often return to these subjects during his research. Thanks to his extensive knowledge of seventeenthcentury societies and his skilful use of both published and unpublished historical sources, he understood the key role played by the Mezzogiorno d’Italia. According to him, Southern Italy was indeed the place where patriotic and libertarian aspirations had already appeared in the second half of the seventeenth century and found fertile ground in the following decades as well. In the Kingdom of Naples, for instance, the traditional subservience among the single stakeholders began to break down and, in the context of the Neapolitan Republic led by Masaniello, a new political vocabulary came to life.","PeriodicalId":44500,"journal":{"name":"STUDI STORICI","volume":"61 1","pages":"461-475"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71299899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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