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Schnee und Lawinen in den Schweizer Alpen. Hydrologisches Jahr 2021/22 瑞士阿尔卑斯山的雪与雪崩。2021/22水源之年
Pub Date : 2023-01-05 DOI: 10.3929/ETHZ-B-000074859
F. Techel, Christine Pielmeier, Gian Darms, M. Teich, S. Margreth
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引用次数: 1
Zur Geschichte der Wälder im Avers 讲的是森林的历史
Pub Date : 2022-12-20 DOI: 10.55419/wsl:32347
M. Bürgi, Susan Lock
Von Dezember 2020 bis Mai 2022 beschäftigte sich ein interdisziplinär zusammengesetztes Team der Eidgenössischen Forschungsanstalt für Wald, Schnee und Landschaft WSL im Rahmen des Projektes «Klima-, Bestandes-, Nutzungs- und Landschaftsgeschichte in der Region Avers, Kt. GR» mit den Wäldern des Avers. Das durch die WSL und weitere Geldgeber geförderte Projekt umfasste Module zur Waldstrukturentwicklung, Jahrringforschung und Nutzungsgeschichte. Angeregt wurde das Projekt durch die Tatsache, dass in den Wäldern des Avers eine grosse Anzahl offensichtlich sehr alter Arven und Lärchen angetroffen werden kann. Der vorliegende WSL Bericht fasst die Ergebnisse der historischen Untersuchungen zur Waldentwicklung und der Nutzungsgeschichte zusammen. [...]
2020年12月至2022年5月专注interdisziplinär整体的团队是森林"为某Eidgenössischen研究基地",雪和风景WSL范围内阶段«气候、核算和Landschaftsgeschichte Avers该地区katie .为了精确»的森林Avers .WSL和其他资助商提供的项目包括森林结构开发、年轮研究和利用率。一项计划的起因是在Avers的森林中发现了很多看来很旧的Arven和梁悦。本WSL报告总结了森林开发和历史研究的结果。[...]
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引用次数: 1
Rockfall barrier service loads for rock impacts with spin. Theory and experiments 岩崩屏障服务载荷的岩石冲击与旋转。理论与实验
Pub Date : 2022-11-18 DOI: 10.55419/wsl:32009
A. Caviezel, J. Munch, P. Bartelt, Andreas Lanter
The specification of realistic service loads for flexible rockfall barriers is an on-going concern in rockfall engineering. The purpose of this document is to present results of full-scale experiments of rockfall barriers in natural terrain. Full scale experiments are performed in-situ at the Chant Sura test site located at the Flüela Pass, Canton Grisons, Switzlerland between 2018 and 2021. The tests were performed with instrumented blocks in order to quantify how blocks decelerate at barrier impact in real conditions. A total of 30 blocks were released - 25 of these blocks impacted the barrier. The barrier absorbed a total of 12'100 kJ of impact energy. The boulder masses varied between 840 kg and 3200 kg and both equant and platy shaped blocks were used in the experiments. Forces in the barrier components are measured and quantified in terms of incoming translational and rotational block energies. [...]
柔性岩崩屏障的实际工作载荷规范是岩崩工程中一直关注的问题。本文的目的是介绍自然地形中岩崩屏障的全尺寸实验结果。全尺寸实验将于2018年至2021年在瑞士格里森州fl ela山口的Chant Sura试验场进行。为了量化在真实条件下障碍物撞击时障碍物的减速情况,测试使用了仪器化的砌块。总共释放了30块,其中25块撞击了屏障。屏障共吸收了12 × 100 kJ的冲击能量。岩石质量在840 ~ 3200kg之间,实验中采用了等长和板状两种形式。屏障组件中的力被测量和量化为传入的平移和旋转块能。[…]
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引用次数: 1
Das Verhältnis der Schweizer Bevölkerung zum Wald. Waldmonitoring soziokulturell WaMos3. Ergebnisse der nationalen Umfrage 瑞士的人口和森林的比例。社会文化监测全国性调查结果
Pub Date : 2022-05-12 DOI: 10.55419/wsl:29973
Tessa Hegetschweiler, Boris Salak, A. Wunderlich, N. Bauer, M. Hunziker
The relationship of the Swiss population to the forest has been investigated in surveys since 1978, and in 1997 for the first time as part of the so-called “Sociocultural forest monitoring” or “Waldmonitoring soziokulturell” WaMos. This report describes the results of the national Wa- Mos3 survey 2020. The online panel of the market research institute LINK was used for the sur- vey. In addition to the representative survey of the adult population, a sample of 156 adolescents was also interviewed. The self-assessed level of information on forest topics has declined since WaMos2 (2010), with older people feeling better informed than younger people. The level of knowledge regarding the increase in forest area in Switzerland and the management of mountain forests for protection against natural hazards is also lower among younger people than among older ones. Today, the population attributes greater importance to most forest functions for society than in WaMos2. In particular, the ecological function, the production function and the recreational function have gained importance. More people than in WaMos2 (2010) assume that forest health has deteriorated. Changes due to climate change, such as drought damage, are perceived by the population. The majority of the population is in favour of active forest management for climate adaptation. With regard to the ecological function of the forest, most people know that biodiversity has decreased. Accor- dingly, the acceptance of forest reserves is high, as is that of large carnivores. Climate change, the expansion of settlements, introduced animal and plant species and pests are seen as the greatest threats to the forest. Great importance is attached to the protective function of the forest. Nevertheless, knowledge about the interrelation between the management and the pro- tective function of mountain forests is declining. In principle, the population is satisfied with the management of the most frequently visited forest. The felling of trees and closing of roads for logging are well accepted by the population. Leaving branches lying on the ground after logging is controversial, and is either well accepted or not accepted at all. Sustainability criteria have gained in importance when purchasing timber products. In terms of forest preferences, the population likes mixed forests best. The presence of a shrub layer is better liked than in WaMos2 (2010) and the liking of deadwood is also increasing at a low level. However, recreational infrastructure is valued less and less. For the first time, forest photos were also presented to the respondents for assessment. It turns out that already existing forest preferences, motives for visiting the forest, the importance of the forest in childhood and the language region have an influence on visual attractiveness of forest. Forest characteristics such as visibility range, shrub layer cover and cover of berry bushes, stage of stand development, stand structure and the pres
瑞士人口与森林的关系自1978年以来一直在调查中进行调查,并于1997年首次作为所谓的“社会文化森林监测”或“森林监测社会文化”WaMos的一部分进行调查。本报告描述了2020年全国Wa- Mos3调查的结果。调查采用了市场研究机构LINK的在线面板。除了对成年人进行有代表性的调查外,还对156名青少年进行了抽样访问。自WaMos2(2010)以来,关于森林主题的自我评估信息水平有所下降,老年人比年轻人更了解情况。年轻人对瑞士森林面积增加和为防止自然灾害而管理山林的知识水平也低于老年人。今天,人们认为森林对社会的大多数功能比WaMos2更重要。特别是生态功能、生产功能和游憩功能日益受到重视。与WaMos2(2010年)相比,更多的人认为森林健康已经恶化。气候变化引起的变化,如干旱破坏,被人们所感知。大多数人口赞成积极的森林管理以适应气候。关于森林的生态功能,大多数人都知道生物多样性已经减少了。因此,森林保护区的接受度很高,大型食肉动物的接受度也很高。气候变化、定居点扩张、引进的动植物物种和害虫被视为对森林的最大威胁。人们十分重视森林的保护作用。然而,关于山林经营与保护功能之间的相互关系的认识正在减少。原则上,人们对最常去的森林的管理是满意的。为了伐木而砍伐树木和关闭道路的做法被人们所接受。伐木后将树枝留在地上是有争议的,要么被接受,要么根本不被接受。在购买木材产品时,可持续性标准变得越来越重要。在森林偏好方面,人口最喜欢混交林。灌木层的存在比WaMos2(2010)更受欢迎,对枯木的喜爱程度也在低水平上增加。然而,娱乐基础设施的价值越来越低。森林照片也首次提供给受访者进行评估。结果表明,现有的森林偏好、参观森林的动机、森林在儿童时期的重要性以及语言区域对森林的视觉吸引力有影响。森林特征如能见度范围、灌木层盖度和浆果灌木盖度、林分发育阶段、林分结构和枯木有无等也有影响。为了获得人们访问的森林的图片,他们被要求在使用PPGIS的地图上标记他们最常访问的森林。当地娱乐占主导地位;在瑞士人口最密集的地方发现了密度最大的点云。像往常一样,大多数人经常去森林。人们最常提到的游览森林的动机是“体验自然”、“呼吸新鲜空气”和“逃离日常生活”。青少年很少去森林。他们在森林里的活动主要是烧烤/篝火/聚会,慢跑和一般的运动。与2010年相比,游客对森林旅游的满意度大幅下降。森林的吸引力被评为较低,森林的访问被认为是较少的恢复,并认为干扰正在增加。总而言之,瑞士人高度重视森林,认为它是一个休闲区,但也特别重视它是动植物的栖息地。在过去的10年里,生态意识似乎再次抬头,随之而来的是对森林状况和生物多样性的关注。另一方面,人们对森林娱乐的满意程度有所下降。
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引用次数: 3
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