The 2020 Coronavirus pandemic (Covid-19) placed enormous pressures on local, regional, and national governments to remain responsive, transparent, and equitable when developing solutions to protect the public. The focus of this article is an examination of these challenges, the lack of preparedness, and the resulting response to Covid-19 through the lens of the politics-administration dichotomy. Despite the fact that China does not practice a Weberian democratic form of government that divided the politics of governing from the administration of government thought essential for national development, the nation has managed to become a global economic powerhouse. Through a high degree of centralization and control, China has implemented market-based economic reforms synchronous with sustained socialist practices. However, this system presents unique challenges for effective governance, and when Covid-19 first appeared in China the government was not prepared for the scale of the emergency that would ensue. Some of these challenges are the result of the governmental system in China, the role of the Chinese Communist Party and local cadre organizations. For China to continue to grow as a global leader, leadership will need to promote liberalization of governance structures and greater separation between the politics of governing and the administration of governing. Despite considerable pressure by the United States on corporations and other governments to disentangle themselves from China, Western investment by multinational corporations that disregard human rights abuses, along with a Chinese government that continues to limit access to information, makes this scenario unlikely.
{"title":"The Politics-Administration Dichotomy in Time of Global Crisis: Neutral Competence or Cadre Organizations","authors":"Michael Guo-Brennan","doi":"10.22140/CPAR.V0I0.239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22140/CPAR.V0I0.239","url":null,"abstract":"The 2020 Coronavirus pandemic (Covid-19) placed enormous pressures on local, regional, and national governments to remain responsive, transparent, and equitable when developing solutions to protect the public. The focus of this article is an examination of these challenges, the lack of preparedness, and the resulting response to Covid-19 through the lens of the politics-administration dichotomy. Despite the fact that China does not practice a Weberian democratic form of government that divided the politics of governing from the administration of government thought essential for national development, the nation has managed to become a global economic powerhouse. Through a high degree of centralization and control, China has implemented market-based economic reforms synchronous with sustained socialist practices. However, this system presents unique challenges for effective governance, and when Covid-19 first appeared in China the government was not prepared for the scale of the emergency that would ensue. Some of these challenges are the result of the governmental system in China, the role of the Chinese Communist Party and local cadre organizations. For China to continue to grow as a global leader, leadership will need to promote liberalization of governance structures and greater separation between the politics of governing and the administration of governing. Despite considerable pressure by the United States on corporations and other governments to disentangle themselves from China, Western investment by multinational corporations that disregard human rights abuses, along with a Chinese government that continues to limit access to information, makes this scenario unlikely.","PeriodicalId":445994,"journal":{"name":"The Chinese Public Administration Review","volume":"303 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134351534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Book Review: Jinghan Zeng, The Chinese Community Party's Capacity to Rule: Ideology, Legitimacy, and Cohesion. NY: Palgrave Macillan, 2016.","authors":"Wenqing Zhao","doi":"10.22140/CPAR.V7I1.100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22140/CPAR.V7I1.100","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":445994,"journal":{"name":"The Chinese Public Administration Review","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125838425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Book Review: Daniel A. Bell, The China Model: Political Meritocracy and the Limits of Democracy. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2015.","authors":"Zhonghua Gu","doi":"10.22140/cpar.v7i1.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22140/cpar.v7i1.101","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":445994,"journal":{"name":"The Chinese Public Administration Review","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115520425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chinese Public Administration as a Resource for the World","authors":"M. Holzer, Yi Lu","doi":"10.22140/CPAR.V7I1.95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22140/CPAR.V7I1.95","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":445994,"journal":{"name":"The Chinese Public Administration Review","volume":"483 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116192136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The rapid modernization and globalization of mainland China has resulted in impressive new practices and expectations for public administration (PA), including public administration research and education. Chinese universities have created new master in public administration (MPA) degree programs that already rival U.S. MPA programs in enrollment, with about 15,000 to 20,000 students annually. In 1999, PhD programs in public administration were first established at Fudan University, Renmin University, and Sun Yat-Sen University. Since then, Chinese ministries and universities have ratcheted up quality expectations for university-based public administration research. At the top universities, faculty are increasingly expected to publish in journals that are part of the Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) to keeping pace with similar expectations for quality in neighboring Asian countries and, indeed, around the world. Beyond this, public administration researchers are also expected to contribute to empowering a new generation of public managers and guiding modernization efforts in Chinese public service . There are high expectations for sure.
{"title":"Assessing the State of Public Administration Research in Mainland China: Prospects and Challenges","authors":"E. Berman","doi":"10.22140/CPAR.V5I1/2.76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22140/CPAR.V5I1/2.76","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid modernization and globalization of mainland China has resulted in impressive new practices and expectations for public administration (PA), including public administration research and education. Chinese universities have created new master in public administration (MPA) degree programs that already rival U.S. MPA programs in enrollment, with about 15,000 to 20,000 students annually. In 1999, PhD programs in public administration were first established at Fudan University, Renmin University, and Sun Yat-Sen University. Since then, Chinese ministries and universities have ratcheted up quality expectations for university-based public administration research. At the top universities, faculty are increasingly expected to publish in journals that are part of the Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) to keeping pace with similar expectations for quality in neighboring Asian countries and, indeed, around the world. Beyond this, public administration researchers are also expected to contribute to empowering a new generation of public managers and guiding modernization efforts in Chinese public service . There are high expectations for sure.","PeriodicalId":445994,"journal":{"name":"The Chinese Public Administration Review","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115588817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article offers an empirical study of contemporary public science and technology (S&T) policy research in mainland China by analyzing 1,410 articles published in four core academic journals during the three year period from 2004 to 2006. Based on the data, we found that the main subjects of the research were the national innovation system, S&T policy tools, and S&T industrial policy, and that the predominant research method was qualitative. The S&T research received significant financial support. We also argue that there is an enduring group of scholars devoting themselves to S&T research and they attach much importance to literature review. Although there were various problems with the research, this is a transitional phenomenon which should improve in the future.
{"title":"Public Service and Technology Policy Research in China","authors":"P. Sun, Xiaojie Zhang","doi":"10.22140/CPAR.V5I1/2.79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22140/CPAR.V5I1/2.79","url":null,"abstract":"This article offers an empirical study of contemporary public science and technology (S&T) policy research in mainland China by analyzing 1,410 articles published in four core academic journals during the three year period from 2004 to 2006. Based on the data, we found that the main subjects of the research were the national innovation system, S&T policy tools, and S&T industrial policy, and that the predominant research method was qualitative. The S&T research received significant financial support. We also argue that there is an enduring group of scholars devoting themselves to S&T research and they attach much importance to literature review. Although there were various problems with the research, this is a transitional phenomenon which should improve in the future.","PeriodicalId":445994,"journal":{"name":"The Chinese Public Administration Review","volume":"181 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128153350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper examines the nature, process, and implication of recent community governance reforms in Shanghai with a focus on the potential role of these institutional innovations in generating social solidarity as heralded by social capital and civil society theories. Case analysis demonstrates that the practice of democratic governance creates institutional space and organizational resources for informal, public, and day-to-day engagement among residents. The elected residents’ committee system has become an extraordinary source of community sociability and solidarity. This is summarized and explained by the notion of “empowered autonomy,” in which state-led governance reforms stimulate and thicken horizontal networks and norms of reciprocity within a society.
{"title":"Empowered Autonomy: The Politics of Community Governance Innovations in Shanghai, China","authors":"Chunrong Liu","doi":"10.22140/CPAR.V5I1/2.81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22140/CPAR.V5I1/2.81","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the nature, process, and implication of recent community governance reforms in Shanghai with a focus on the potential role of these institutional innovations in generating social solidarity as heralded by social capital and civil society theories. Case analysis demonstrates that the practice of democratic governance creates institutional space and organizational resources for informal, public, and day-to-day engagement among residents. The elected residents’ committee system has become an extraordinary source of community sociability and solidarity. This is summarized and explained by the notion of “empowered autonomy,” in which state-led governance reforms stimulate and thicken horizontal networks and norms of reciprocity within a society.","PeriodicalId":445994,"journal":{"name":"The Chinese Public Administration Review","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129632999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper highlights the levels of commitment, purposefulness, transparency, efficiency, effective administration and good governance in the delivery of Health Care Services observed and experienced at the largest ever gathering of humans (30 million people on 24th January 2001 on the occasion of MauniAmavasya) at one single place of a 3000 acre temporary township since the inception of Human race on our planet Earth. This occasion was KUMBH MELA in the year 2001 wherein 70 million people congregated over a period of few weeks. During thisAllahabad (the city where Kumbh was organized) turned into the most densely populated city in the world. (For detailed description of KUMBH and the legend behind please refer to supplementary notes at the end of the paper titled KUMBH MELAa story). The paper tries to analyse the factors behind the successful administration and management of the Health Care Services provided during this period. Though the author himself closely observed the situation by staying there at the location and throughout otherwise wherein he could find the methodology, but answers to few questions still remain to be debated and analysed and one of the major question is that what propels people to manage and execute tasks so precisely despite of the magnitude and high constraints associated with such tasks? The felt and understood answer is ‘Motivation absorbs Magnitude’ but the question is How one gets so much motivated? For example, Dr. G.R.Sharma, Additional Director of Medical and Health Care Services of the Allahabad Region who headed the team of Health Care Services at the time of this unheard congregation of Human Beings on this Earth had to retire from his services just after this occasion and serving the State Medical and Health Care Services for 30 odd years as a Medical Doctor and an Administrator, he very well understood the nuances of taking such a task at hand. Taking responsibilities and then accomplishing those has a passage of extreme concentration, commitment and conviction in between.
{"title":"Motivation absorbs Magnitude: An Analysis of Health Care Service of KUMBH MELA","authors":"Vinay Sharma","doi":"10.22140/CPAR.V6I1/2.82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22140/CPAR.V6I1/2.82","url":null,"abstract":"This paper highlights the levels of commitment, purposefulness, transparency, efficiency, effective administration and good governance in the delivery of Health Care Services observed and experienced at the largest ever gathering of humans (30 million people on 24th January 2001 on the occasion of MauniAmavasya) at one single place of a 3000 acre temporary township since the inception of Human race on our planet Earth. This occasion was KUMBH MELA in the year 2001 wherein 70 million people congregated over a period of few weeks. During thisAllahabad (the city where Kumbh was organized) turned into the most densely populated city in the world. (For detailed description of KUMBH and the legend behind please refer to supplementary notes at the end of the paper titled KUMBH MELAa story). The paper tries to analyse the factors behind the successful administration and management of the Health Care Services provided during this period. Though the author himself closely observed the situation by staying there at the location and throughout otherwise wherein he could find the methodology, but answers to few questions still remain to be debated and analysed and one of the major question is that what propels people to manage and execute tasks so precisely despite of the magnitude and high constraints associated with such tasks? The felt and understood answer is ‘Motivation absorbs Magnitude’ but the question is How one gets so much motivated? For example, Dr. G.R.Sharma, Additional Director of Medical and Health Care Services of the Allahabad Region who headed the team of Health Care Services at the time of this unheard congregation of Human Beings on this Earth had to retire from his services just after this occasion and serving the State Medical and Health Care Services for 30 odd years as a Medical Doctor and an Administrator, he very well understood the nuances of taking such a task at hand. Taking responsibilities and then accomplishing those has a passage of extreme concentration, commitment and conviction in between.","PeriodicalId":445994,"journal":{"name":"The Chinese Public Administration Review","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114436546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A concerted effort to introduce thoroughgoing reforms into U.S. national administration began in September 1993, when the Clinton-Gore administration issued the first report of the National Performance Review (NPR). The continuing reform effort, which is generally called “reinventing government” in the United States, shares many characteristics with the broader global New Public Management (NPM) movement and is often treated as part of it. The American NPM-style reform program was augmented by congressional attempts to make national agencies more performance-oriented. President George W. Bush, who took office in January 2001, continued to advance several NPM goals, though with some important differences. There is no parallel period of such fundamental, comprehensive, and concentrated administrative reform in American history. The reform agenda has been coherent and consistent enough to allow reflection on its efficacy in terms of its own objectives. These were: 1) making government work better and cost less and 2) building citizens' trust in it. We made two conclusions within this paper. First, the record of the NPM's achievement of greater cost-effectiveness is ambiguous, disputing the Clinton-Gore administration's central claims; the public as a whole perceives no reduction in the waste of its tax dollars. Second, the NPM fell far short of building significantly greater trust in government.
{"title":"Reflections on New Public Management-Style Reform in the U.S. National Administration and Public Trust in Government","authors":"David H. Rosenbloom, S. Piotrowski","doi":"10.22140/CPAR.V4I1/2.69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22140/CPAR.V4I1/2.69","url":null,"abstract":"A concerted effort to introduce thoroughgoing reforms into U.S. national administration began in September 1993, when the Clinton-Gore administration issued the first report of the National Performance Review (NPR). The continuing reform effort, which is generally called “reinventing government” in the United States, shares many characteristics with the broader global New Public Management (NPM) movement and is often treated as part of it. The American NPM-style reform program was augmented by congressional attempts to make national agencies more performance-oriented. President George W. Bush, who took office in January 2001, continued to advance several NPM goals, though with some important differences. There is no parallel period of such fundamental, comprehensive, and concentrated administrative reform in American history. The reform agenda has been coherent and consistent enough to allow reflection on its efficacy in terms of its own objectives. These were: 1) making government work better and cost less and 2) building citizens' trust in it. We made two conclusions within this paper. First, the record of the NPM's achievement of greater cost-effectiveness is ambiguous, disputing the Clinton-Gore administration's central claims; the public as a whole perceives no reduction in the waste of its tax dollars. Second, the NPM fell far short of building significantly greater trust in government.","PeriodicalId":445994,"journal":{"name":"The Chinese Public Administration Review","volume":"13 24","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132546068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper examines the current situation of public management in China and the potential that management reforms might bring improvement. The primary goal of the paper is to examine the opportunities that incentivized performance measures have to enhance that agency management. The paper analyzes the conditions for how performance information can be fashioned into a metric, which is contractible. It then looks at the types of incentives that can be tied to the metric. It also considers the flexibility of the government agency, the central budget office, and the oversight entities, and the roles that each plays in ensuring successful implementation of a performance management system.
{"title":"The Quest for Results: Opportunities for Using Performance Measurement in Chinese Public Administration","authors":"S. Kasdin","doi":"10.22140/cpar.v6i3/4.89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22140/cpar.v6i3/4.89","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the current situation of public management in China and the potential that management reforms might bring improvement. The primary goal of the paper is to examine the opportunities that incentivized performance measures have to enhance that agency management. The paper analyzes the conditions for how performance information can be fashioned into a metric, which is contractible. It then looks at the types of incentives that can be tied to the metric. It also considers the flexibility of the government agency, the central budget office, and the oversight entities, and the roles that each plays in ensuring successful implementation of a performance management system.","PeriodicalId":445994,"journal":{"name":"The Chinese Public Administration Review","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130300028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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