Pub Date : 2008-05-05DOI: 10.1109/PLANS.2008.4570090
D. Garmatyuk, Y. Morton, X. Mao
The problem of in-band co-existence between GPS and other potential interfering signals is viewed from the following angle in this paper: Is there a coding or modulation technique which would permit simultaneous use of GPS and other RF services occupying same bandwidth? Very low interference between the UWB radar and GPS signals can be achieved by shaping radar pulses using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) coding, which is a multi-carrier modulation technique targeted for commercial UWB communications. The paper shows that we can, in fact, expect a very good degree of interoperability of a system used for GPS reception and UWB-OFDM radar purposes. The benefits of using UWB sensor in conjunction with GPS can be for example, to supplement positioning algorithms with radar-collected data, as well as to perform general reconnaissance of the surrounding area. The paper includes detailed analysis of the proposed multiple-use UWB-OFDM radar/GPS receiver concept, the effect of co-existing UWB-OFDM signals on GPS receiver tracking loop carrier noise level, and the impact on the quality of GPS solution in weak GPS signal environment. A brief discussion of MATLAB implementation of the modeled scenarios is presented as well.
{"title":"On co-existence of in-band UWB-OFDM and GPS signals: Tracking performance analysis Dmitriy ^Garmatyuk","authors":"D. Garmatyuk, Y. Morton, X. Mao","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.2008.4570090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.2008.4570090","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of in-band co-existence between GPS and other potential interfering signals is viewed from the following angle in this paper: Is there a coding or modulation technique which would permit simultaneous use of GPS and other RF services occupying same bandwidth? Very low interference between the UWB radar and GPS signals can be achieved by shaping radar pulses using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) coding, which is a multi-carrier modulation technique targeted for commercial UWB communications. The paper shows that we can, in fact, expect a very good degree of interoperability of a system used for GPS reception and UWB-OFDM radar purposes. The benefits of using UWB sensor in conjunction with GPS can be for example, to supplement positioning algorithms with radar-collected data, as well as to perform general reconnaissance of the surrounding area. The paper includes detailed analysis of the proposed multiple-use UWB-OFDM radar/GPS receiver concept, the effect of co-existing UWB-OFDM signals on GPS receiver tracking loop carrier noise level, and the impact on the quality of GPS solution in weak GPS signal environment. A brief discussion of MATLAB implementation of the modeled scenarios is presented as well.","PeriodicalId":446381,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117117289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-05DOI: 10.1109/PLANS.2008.4570012
Y. Shmaliy, O. Ibarra-Manzano, L. Arceo-Miquel, L. Moralez-Mendoza, O. Shmaliy
A thinning algorithm is proposed for real-time unbiased finite impulse response (FIR) estimation of the local clock time interval error (TIE) model (time error, fractional frequency offset, linear frequency drift rate, etc.) employing GPS-based sawtooth measurements. We show that the approach allows obtaining practically optimal estimates of the clock states, by large horizons (number of the points in the average). The algorithm is applied to the TIE measurements allowing for different time steps and averaging horizons for each of the clock states and compared to the three state Kalman filter. It is demonstrated that, in the presence of the sawtooth noise induced by the GPS receiver, the unbiased FIR estimates with thinning out fit the clock states better than the Kalman filter, in terms of the Allan deviation and precision time protocol deviation.
{"title":"Estimation of the clock TIE state space model using a thinning unbiased FIR filtering algorithm","authors":"Y. Shmaliy, O. Ibarra-Manzano, L. Arceo-Miquel, L. Moralez-Mendoza, O. Shmaliy","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.2008.4570012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.2008.4570012","url":null,"abstract":"A thinning algorithm is proposed for real-time unbiased finite impulse response (FIR) estimation of the local clock time interval error (TIE) model (time error, fractional frequency offset, linear frequency drift rate, etc.) employing GPS-based sawtooth measurements. We show that the approach allows obtaining practically optimal estimates of the clock states, by large horizons (number of the points in the average). The algorithm is applied to the TIE measurements allowing for different time steps and averaging horizons for each of the clock states and compared to the three state Kalman filter. It is demonstrated that, in the presence of the sawtooth noise induced by the GPS receiver, the unbiased FIR estimates with thinning out fit the clock states better than the Kalman filter, in terms of the Allan deviation and precision time protocol deviation.","PeriodicalId":446381,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117159013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-05DOI: 10.1109/PLANS.2008.4570025
A. Cole, Jinling Wang, Chris Rizos, A. Dempster
This paper describes the design, analysis and testing of two methods that can be used to bridge GPS outages during an agricultural row cropping operation when using an integrated INS and code-based GPS system. The use of integrated systems in agricultural operations has become of increasing importance in recent years as farming operators are looking at combining different technologies to increase efficiency and to reduce the environmental dasiafootprintpsila of farming operations. Integrated GPS and INS systems are used to provide good long term stability through the GPS system, with higher data rates and reliability from the INS system. However these systems can still suffer from degradation during GPS blockages and increasing the availability of a position solution is one of the key challenges to improving the use of integrated systems in agricultural applications. The ldquovirtualiterdquo concept is a new method that involves the transformation of INS measurements into simulated GPS signals via the creation of virtual satellites (dasiavirtualitesrdquo) that can be processed alongside real GPS measurements.
{"title":"Bridging GPS outages in the agricultural environment using virtualite measurements","authors":"A. Cole, Jinling Wang, Chris Rizos, A. Dempster","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.2008.4570025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.2008.4570025","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the design, analysis and testing of two methods that can be used to bridge GPS outages during an agricultural row cropping operation when using an integrated INS and code-based GPS system. The use of integrated systems in agricultural operations has become of increasing importance in recent years as farming operators are looking at combining different technologies to increase efficiency and to reduce the environmental dasiafootprintpsila of farming operations. Integrated GPS and INS systems are used to provide good long term stability through the GPS system, with higher data rates and reliability from the INS system. However these systems can still suffer from degradation during GPS blockages and increasing the availability of a position solution is one of the key challenges to improving the use of integrated systems in agricultural applications. The ldquovirtualiterdquo concept is a new method that involves the transformation of INS measurements into simulated GPS signals via the creation of virtual satellites (dasiavirtualitesrdquo) that can be processed alongside real GPS measurements.","PeriodicalId":446381,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115684376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-05DOI: 10.1109/PLANS.2008.4570032
R. Hartman, W. Hawkinson, K. Sweeney
The problem of underwater navigation for an individual diver is particularly challenging. GPS navigation is unsuitable for most underwater operations and particularly covert operations use because the GPS RF signal is attenuated below usable levels as it penetrates the water column. Dead reckoning methods, which rely on magnetic compass and approximate distance measurements, are susceptible to magnetic interference, inaccurate distance estimates and current induced drift. Pure inertial navigation methods require expensive systems to meet mission accuracy objectives, due to mission lengths of several hours. Advances in the performance of MEMS inertial sensors, solid state compasses and the development of water based Doppler velocity sensors have enabled a positioning solution that meet USMC diver cost and performance goals. A technology development team organized by Honeywell has developed a self-contained prototype system that integrates a GPS receiver, an inertial measurement unit, a solid state magnetometer, a pressure sensor and a multi-axis Doppler velocity sensor that functions as a surface or underwater navigator and also enables the user to perform underwater surveying and mapping. The sensor integration approach was based on a Kalman filter aided strapdown navigator. Gyro and accelerometer information is processed by the strapdown navigation algorithms to produce navigation solution. An extended Kalman filter processes the GPS, magnetometer, Doppler Velocity Log (DVL), and depth sensor measurement to aid the navigation solution and update sensor error estimates. This paper presents an overview of the system hardware and software implementation as well as test results from ocean trials off the coast of Hawaii.
{"title":"Tactical underwater navigation system (TUNS)","authors":"R. Hartman, W. Hawkinson, K. Sweeney","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.2008.4570032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.2008.4570032","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of underwater navigation for an individual diver is particularly challenging. GPS navigation is unsuitable for most underwater operations and particularly covert operations use because the GPS RF signal is attenuated below usable levels as it penetrates the water column. Dead reckoning methods, which rely on magnetic compass and approximate distance measurements, are susceptible to magnetic interference, inaccurate distance estimates and current induced drift. Pure inertial navigation methods require expensive systems to meet mission accuracy objectives, due to mission lengths of several hours. Advances in the performance of MEMS inertial sensors, solid state compasses and the development of water based Doppler velocity sensors have enabled a positioning solution that meet USMC diver cost and performance goals. A technology development team organized by Honeywell has developed a self-contained prototype system that integrates a GPS receiver, an inertial measurement unit, a solid state magnetometer, a pressure sensor and a multi-axis Doppler velocity sensor that functions as a surface or underwater navigator and also enables the user to perform underwater surveying and mapping. The sensor integration approach was based on a Kalman filter aided strapdown navigator. Gyro and accelerometer information is processed by the strapdown navigation algorithms to produce navigation solution. An extended Kalman filter processes the GPS, magnetometer, Doppler Velocity Log (DVL), and depth sensor measurement to aid the navigation solution and update sensor error estimates. This paper presents an overview of the system hardware and software implementation as well as test results from ocean trials off the coast of Hawaii.","PeriodicalId":446381,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium","volume":"181 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115802967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-05DOI: 10.1109/PLANS.2008.4570086
E. Falletti, M. Pini, L. Lo Presti, D. Margaria
In a GNSS receiver the measure of the carrier to noise power density ratio (CNo) is not only a measure of the strength of the received signal, but is also used to determine the lock condition of the carrier and tracking loops and to control the channel scheduling. This paper investigates the possibility of implementing various low complexity C/No estimators, properly adapted from the digital communications world in a real GPS/Galileo receiver. After a theoretical analysis, the paper presents the performance evaluation carried out on different C/No estimation techniques, through both simulated and real GPS signals. We used a real-time GPS/Galileo software receiver, that guaranteed a high level of flexibility and helped to analyze and compare the C/No estimators under test.
{"title":"Assessment on low complexity C/No estimators based on M-PSK signal model for GNSS receivers","authors":"E. Falletti, M. Pini, L. Lo Presti, D. Margaria","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.2008.4570086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.2008.4570086","url":null,"abstract":"In a GNSS receiver the measure of the carrier to noise power density ratio (CNo) is not only a measure of the strength of the received signal, but is also used to determine the lock condition of the carrier and tracking loops and to control the channel scheduling. This paper investigates the possibility of implementing various low complexity C/No estimators, properly adapted from the digital communications world in a real GPS/Galileo receiver. After a theoretical analysis, the paper presents the performance evaluation carried out on different C/No estimation techniques, through both simulated and real GPS signals. We used a real-time GPS/Galileo software receiver, that guaranteed a high level of flexibility and helped to analyze and compare the C/No estimators under test.","PeriodicalId":446381,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium","volume":"2023 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114090286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-05DOI: 10.1109/PLANS.2008.4569986
Junlin Yan, C. Tiberius, G. Bellusci, G. Janssen
This paper addresses the feasibility of using iterative least-squares (ILS) methods for indoor positioning, where coordinates are to be determined based on estimated/measured ranges. Special attention is given to the Gauss-Newton method, since it is well suited for solving (small residual) non-linear problems and most commonly applied in positioning. Dealing with non-linear inverse problems, the parameter estimation possibly features local minima next to the sought for global one, and the position estimator is inherently biased. In satellite positioning systems, e.g. GPS, or other large scale systems, an initial guess that leads the iterative method to a global convergence is not hard to obtain, and the bias due to non-linearity is negligible. However, in indoor systems, both effects can become problematic, and therefore extra care needs to be taken to properly apply the ILS methods. Two schemes are proposed in this paper, one to obtain a good initial guess and the other to test the significance of the bias due to non-linearity. The validation of the proposed schemes is supported by simulations as well as by experimental results obtained with an UWB acoustic positioning system, which achieves centimeter level positioning accuracy with LoS propagation and full bandwidth between 3.6 and 12.1 kHz (with equal wavelength compared to the radio signals with the bandwidth between 3.1 to 10.6 GHz allowed for UWB radio communications). The proposed schemes are validated with a number of system setups, differing in the positions of transmitters, the position of the receiver, redundancy, the bandwidth used and therefore the range measurement error.
{"title":"Feasibility of Gauss-Newton method for indoor positioning","authors":"Junlin Yan, C. Tiberius, G. Bellusci, G. Janssen","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.2008.4569986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.2008.4569986","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses the feasibility of using iterative least-squares (ILS) methods for indoor positioning, where coordinates are to be determined based on estimated/measured ranges. Special attention is given to the Gauss-Newton method, since it is well suited for solving (small residual) non-linear problems and most commonly applied in positioning. Dealing with non-linear inverse problems, the parameter estimation possibly features local minima next to the sought for global one, and the position estimator is inherently biased. In satellite positioning systems, e.g. GPS, or other large scale systems, an initial guess that leads the iterative method to a global convergence is not hard to obtain, and the bias due to non-linearity is negligible. However, in indoor systems, both effects can become problematic, and therefore extra care needs to be taken to properly apply the ILS methods. Two schemes are proposed in this paper, one to obtain a good initial guess and the other to test the significance of the bias due to non-linearity. The validation of the proposed schemes is supported by simulations as well as by experimental results obtained with an UWB acoustic positioning system, which achieves centimeter level positioning accuracy with LoS propagation and full bandwidth between 3.6 and 12.1 kHz (with equal wavelength compared to the radio signals with the bandwidth between 3.1 to 10.6 GHz allowed for UWB radio communications). The proposed schemes are validated with a number of system setups, differing in the positions of transmitters, the position of the receiver, redundancy, the bandwidth used and therefore the range measurement error.","PeriodicalId":446381,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125774801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-05DOI: 10.1109/PLANS.2008.4570053
C. Mensing, S. Sand
Objective of this paper is to analyze positioning performance in critical scenarios for global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs). For instance, in urban canyons GNSSs can fail due to too many blocked satellites. In these situations we propose to use measurements from a cellular system which can compensate the missing satellites by providing time difference of arrival measurements. All measurements are integrated in a hybrid data fusion and tracking engine based on extended Kalman filtering. Simulations are performed fairly realistic by application of raytracing simulations. The results show the potential of a future 3GPP-LTE system for complementary support of GNSS in these critical environments to improve positioning accuracy and coverage.
{"title":"Performance enhancement of GNSS positioning in critical scenarios by wireless communications systems","authors":"C. Mensing, S. Sand","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.2008.4570053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.2008.4570053","url":null,"abstract":"Objective of this paper is to analyze positioning performance in critical scenarios for global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs). For instance, in urban canyons GNSSs can fail due to too many blocked satellites. In these situations we propose to use measurements from a cellular system which can compensate the missing satellites by providing time difference of arrival measurements. All measurements are integrated in a hybrid data fusion and tracking engine based on extended Kalman filtering. Simulations are performed fairly realistic by application of raytracing simulations. The results show the potential of a future 3GPP-LTE system for complementary support of GNSS in these critical environments to improve positioning accuracy and coverage.","PeriodicalId":446381,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123443958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-05DOI: 10.1109/PLANS.2008.4569974
S. Habibi, S. Cooper, J. Stauffer, B. Dutoit
Smart munitions and missiles are increasingly incorporating inertial measurement units for guidance of short range weapon systems. In addition to usual high performance of the required sensors, namely, accelerometers and gyros, this application requires high shock survivability and post shock stability of the sensors. Colibrys has successfully developed a gun hard version of its accelerometer product and AIS has integrated these acceleration sensors and rate gyro to a gun hard IMU. The IMU has been extensively tested and characterized over the full temperature range, at Aerobutt and in many live shooting trials. The extreme shock performance of the IMU has been maintained by making the accelerometer shock resistant. This has been achieved by placing a specially designed mechanical stopper over the sensing element to protect the sensor from extreme shock levels by limiting the mechanical displacement of the MEMS element. This approach has resulted in excellent post shock performance of the acceleration sensor. Beyond this a special assembly technology has been developed at AIS to ensure that key shock components are filtered out and their energy is not transferred into the sensing element; and the vibrating elements are not affected by the components of the firing shock.
{"title":"Gun hard inertial measurement unit based on MEMS capacitive accelerometer and rate sensor","authors":"S. Habibi, S. Cooper, J. Stauffer, B. Dutoit","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.2008.4569974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.2008.4569974","url":null,"abstract":"Smart munitions and missiles are increasingly incorporating inertial measurement units for guidance of short range weapon systems. In addition to usual high performance of the required sensors, namely, accelerometers and gyros, this application requires high shock survivability and post shock stability of the sensors. Colibrys has successfully developed a gun hard version of its accelerometer product and AIS has integrated these acceleration sensors and rate gyro to a gun hard IMU. The IMU has been extensively tested and characterized over the full temperature range, at Aerobutt and in many live shooting trials. The extreme shock performance of the IMU has been maintained by making the accelerometer shock resistant. This has been achieved by placing a specially designed mechanical stopper over the sensing element to protect the sensor from extreme shock levels by limiting the mechanical displacement of the MEMS element. This approach has resulted in excellent post shock performance of the acceleration sensor. Beyond this a special assembly technology has been developed at AIS to ensure that key shock components are filtered out and their energy is not transferred into the sensing element; and the vibrating elements are not affected by the components of the firing shock.","PeriodicalId":446381,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123595589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-05DOI: 10.1109/PLANS.2008.4570109
D. Qiu, S. Lo, P. Enge
In cryptography, a verification tag is a piece of information used to authenticate a message. In geoencryption, location-based information is defined as the amount of information that can be used to construct a verification tag or ldquogeotagrdquo to identify onepsilas location. The term ldquogeoencryptionrdquo or ldquolocation-based encryptionrdquo refers to a security algorithm that limits the access or decryption of information content to specified locations and/or times. Loran is chosen as a case study to implement geoencryption due to its many properties that are beneficial to this protocol. The security of a geoencryption system resides in the geotag. In order to evaluate the security level of geoencryption system, we develop a mathematical framework to measure the information content of Loran location-based parameters.
{"title":"A measure of Loran location-based information","authors":"D. Qiu, S. Lo, P. Enge","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.2008.4570109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.2008.4570109","url":null,"abstract":"In cryptography, a verification tag is a piece of information used to authenticate a message. In geoencryption, location-based information is defined as the amount of information that can be used to construct a verification tag or ldquogeotagrdquo to identify onepsilas location. The term ldquogeoencryptionrdquo or ldquolocation-based encryptionrdquo refers to a security algorithm that limits the access or decryption of information content to specified locations and/or times. Loran is chosen as a case study to implement geoencryption due to its many properties that are beneficial to this protocol. The security of a geoencryption system resides in the geotag. In order to evaluate the security level of geoencryption system, we develop a mathematical framework to measure the information content of Loran location-based parameters.","PeriodicalId":446381,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium","volume":"336 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121691249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-05DOI: 10.1109/PLANS.2008.4570047
Bernhard Krach, Patrick Roberston
An algorithm for integrating foot-mounted inertial sensor platforms is presented. The proposed integration scheme is based on a cascaded estimation architecture. A lower Kalman filter is used to estimate the step-wise change of position and direction of one or optionally both feet respectively. These estimates are used in turn as measurements in an upper particle filter, which is able to incorporate nonlinear map-matching techniques. To ease the integration of both feet a simple mechanical pedestrian model is developed. The proposed algorithm is verified using computer simulations and experimental data.
{"title":"Cascaded estimation architecture for integration of foot-mounted inertial sensors","authors":"Bernhard Krach, Patrick Roberston","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.2008.4570047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.2008.4570047","url":null,"abstract":"An algorithm for integrating foot-mounted inertial sensor platforms is presented. The proposed integration scheme is based on a cascaded estimation architecture. A lower Kalman filter is used to estimate the step-wise change of position and direction of one or optionally both feet respectively. These estimates are used in turn as measurements in an upper particle filter, which is able to incorporate nonlinear map-matching techniques. To ease the integration of both feet a simple mechanical pedestrian model is developed. The proposed algorithm is verified using computer simulations and experimental data.","PeriodicalId":446381,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium","volume":"390 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121782565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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