This chapter assesses how citizens can take a more active role in using data for the public good through civic hacking, citizen science, and data justice initiatives. The 'Myq.ie' project, and the other Code for Ireland projects, are an example of civic hacking: citizens linking together practices of civic innovation with computer hacking to address local issues. In the case of Code for Ireland, members of the local community created their own data-driven apps using accessible datasets, and in some cases produced their own data as well, for other citizens to use. The work is altruistic, performed for the good of the community rather than to create a paid service, and is often undertaken over a number of months or years. Closely related to civic hacking is the practice of citizen science. Here, members of the public generate data and undertake analysis on an ongoing basis to better understand a local phenomenon, or to contribute to a wider scientific study.
{"title":"Data for the People, by the People","authors":"Rob Kitchin","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv1c9hmnq.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1c9hmnq.28","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter assesses how citizens can take a more active role in using data for the public good through civic hacking, citizen science, and data justice initiatives. The 'Myq.ie' project, and the other Code for Ireland projects, are an example of civic hacking: citizens linking together practices of civic innovation with computer hacking to address local issues. In the case of Code for Ireland, members of the local community created their own data-driven apps using accessible datasets, and in some cases produced their own data as well, for other citizens to use. The work is altruistic, performed for the good of the community rather than to create a paid service, and is often undertaken over a number of months or years. Closely related to civic hacking is the practice of citizen science. Here, members of the public generate data and undertake analysis on an ongoing basis to better understand a local phenomenon, or to contribute to a wider scientific study.","PeriodicalId":446623,"journal":{"name":"Data Lives","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130135659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This chapter assesses the transitory nature of data and its deletion, by either design or accident. In the data-driven world we live in, while it sometimes seems that data lasts forever, they all pass through a lifecycle. For the majority of data points, this cycle passes very quickly as the data are transitory — created, processed, and deleted in micro-seconds. Value is extracted, or they are never examined or processed, and then they are discarded because they have little further utility and there is no point wasting resources storing them. In some cases, useful data might be deleted accidentally, or without forethought. Given the massive amounts of data presently being produced, often only a sample are retained and stored rather than a full set. Indeed, the data we store in archives and repositories is often derived data. In the case of data brokers, producing derived data is also a means to bypass the fair-information-practice principle of data minimization which states that data should only be used for the purpose for which it was intended. Similarly, metadata — factual information about data — is often retained rather than the data themselves.
{"title":"The End of the Data Lifecycle","authors":"Rob Kitchin","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv1c9hmnq.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1c9hmnq.17","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter assesses the transitory nature of data and its deletion, by either design or accident. In the data-driven world we live in, while it sometimes seems that data lasts forever, they all pass through a lifecycle. For the majority of data points, this cycle passes very quickly as the data are transitory — created, processed, and deleted in micro-seconds. Value is extracted, or they are never examined or processed, and then they are discarded because they have little further utility and there is no point wasting resources storing them. In some cases, useful data might be deleted accidentally, or without forethought. Given the massive amounts of data presently being produced, often only a sample are retained and stored rather than a full set. Indeed, the data we store in archives and repositories is often derived data. In the case of data brokers, producing derived data is also a means to bypass the fair-information-practice principle of data minimization which states that data should only be used for the purpose for which it was intended. Similarly, metadata — factual information about data — is often retained rather than the data themselves.","PeriodicalId":446623,"journal":{"name":"Data Lives","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128668159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-05DOI: 10.4135/9781849209939.n5
Nasa
The locations of total ozone stations and of stratospheric ozone samplings were presented. The samplings are concentrated in three areas: Japan, Europe, and India. Approximately 75% of the total ozone measurements are made with Dobson instruments which offer the best international measurements. When well calibrated their accuracy is on the order of a few percent. It is found that although the total ozone percent is similar in both hemispheres, the northern hemisphere has 3 to 10% more ozone than the southern hemisphere. The close association between total ozone distribution and pressure distribution in the atmosphere is noted.
{"title":"The Nature of Data","authors":"Nasa","doi":"10.4135/9781849209939.n5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4135/9781849209939.n5","url":null,"abstract":"The locations of total ozone stations and of stratospheric ozone samplings were presented. The samplings are concentrated in three areas: Japan, Europe, and India. Approximately 75% of the total ozone measurements are made with Dobson instruments which offer the best international measurements. When well calibrated their accuracy is on the order of a few percent. It is found that although the total ozone percent is similar in both hemispheres, the northern hemisphere has 3 to 10% more ozone than the southern hemisphere. The close association between total ozone distribution and pressure distribution in the atmosphere is noted.","PeriodicalId":446623,"journal":{"name":"Data Lives","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134017403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1970-03-21DOI: 10.46692/9781529215649.026
Childs Af
{"title":"A Matter of Life and Death","authors":"Childs Af","doi":"10.46692/9781529215649.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46692/9781529215649.026","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":446623,"journal":{"name":"Data Lives","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116228847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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