Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.29212/mh.2019..111.131
Kim Jong Soo
{"title":"임진왜란 초기 방어실태와 성주(星州) 전투","authors":"Kim Jong Soo","doi":"10.29212/mh.2019..111.131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29212/mh.2019..111.131","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44755,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79272995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.29212/mh.2019..111.291
이재훈
{"title":"(서평)새로운 시각으로 보는 북한사, 북소관계(기광서 저, 『북한 국가의 형성과 소련』(선인, 2018))","authors":"이재훈","doi":"10.29212/mh.2019..111.291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29212/mh.2019..111.291","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44755,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78726216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"북한 민족보위성의 설립과 조직․간부구성","authors":"김선호","doi":"10.29212/mh.2019..111.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29212/mh.2019..111.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44755,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY","volume":"157 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83801037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-29DOI: 10.1093/obo/9780199791279-0186
C. Esdaile
The Peninsular War is the name given to the struggle that raged in Spain and Portugal between the forces of Napoleon Bonaparte and those of Britain, Spain, and Portugal. In brief, in the early summer of 1808, Napoleon’s decision to overthrow the Spanish Bourbons produced a major revolt against the French troops that had been in occupation of parts of the Iberian peninsula since October 1807, the result being a long, drawn-out struggle that culminated in the expulsion of the French from the peninsula by the Anglo-Portuguese army of the Duke of Wellington in the autumn of 1813. However, this was not just a matter of regular armies fighting pitched battles. On the contrary, the French were also faced by a long guerrilla struggle. Traditionally, this has been envisaged in terms of patriotic bands of armed civilians that inflicted huge casualties on the invaders. Yet, as will be shown, modern research has completely undermined these ideas: while the French did indeed face a “little war” in Spain, this was much more the work of regular troops than bands of irregulars, the latter accounting for only a limited number of French casualties and in practice being mere bandits. Particularly in Spain, meanwhile, there has also been much concentration on the manner in which the rising of 1808 unleashed a political and social chain reaction that initiated the destruction of the antiguo régimen via the promulgation of the famous constitution of 1812. Thanks, meanwhile, to the recent bicentenary of the conflict—an event marked in Spain and Portugal alike by numerous scholarly meetings and a positive tidal wave of publications—all these debates have been revived. If this article will bear witness to past controversies, then it will also do so in respect of ones that are far more recent. Inevitably, bibliographies reflect gaps in the literature as much as they do its strengths. Here, particular mention ought to be made of Portugal. Lamentably, no anglophone historian has seen fit to address the Portuguese experience of the Peninsular War, while the Portuguese historiography, itself not especially abundant, is not much known beyond Portugal’s frontiers. If there is one area of the subject that is awaiting its British or American historian, this is it, and it is much to be hoped that one of the effects of this article will be to nudge some young scholar in that direction.
{"title":"Peninsular War","authors":"C. Esdaile","doi":"10.1093/obo/9780199791279-0186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/obo/9780199791279-0186","url":null,"abstract":"The Peninsular War is the name given to the struggle that raged in Spain and Portugal between the forces of Napoleon Bonaparte and those of Britain, Spain, and Portugal. In brief, in the early summer of 1808, Napoleon’s decision to overthrow the Spanish Bourbons produced a major revolt against the French troops that had been in occupation of parts of the Iberian peninsula since October 1807, the result being a long, drawn-out struggle that culminated in the expulsion of the French from the peninsula by the Anglo-Portuguese army of the Duke of Wellington in the autumn of 1813. However, this was not just a matter of regular armies fighting pitched battles. On the contrary, the French were also faced by a long guerrilla struggle. Traditionally, this has been envisaged in terms of patriotic bands of armed civilians that inflicted huge casualties on the invaders. Yet, as will be shown, modern research has completely undermined these ideas: while the French did indeed face a “little war” in Spain, this was much more the work of regular troops than bands of irregulars, the latter accounting for only a limited number of French casualties and in practice being mere bandits. Particularly in Spain, meanwhile, there has also been much concentration on the manner in which the rising of 1808 unleashed a political and social chain reaction that initiated the destruction of the antiguo régimen via the promulgation of the famous constitution of 1812. Thanks, meanwhile, to the recent bicentenary of the conflict—an event marked in Spain and Portugal alike by numerous scholarly meetings and a positive tidal wave of publications—all these debates have been revived. If this article will bear witness to past controversies, then it will also do so in respect of ones that are far more recent. Inevitably, bibliographies reflect gaps in the literature as much as they do its strengths. Here, particular mention ought to be made of Portugal. Lamentably, no anglophone historian has seen fit to address the Portuguese experience of the Peninsular War, while the Portuguese historiography, itself not especially abundant, is not much known beyond Portugal’s frontiers. If there is one area of the subject that is awaiting its British or American historian, this is it, and it is much to be hoped that one of the effects of this article will be to nudge some young scholar in that direction.","PeriodicalId":44755,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79724617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-27DOI: 10.1093/obo/9780199791279-0185
Douglas E. Streusand
Ruling from 1501 through 1722, the Safavid dynasty unified the eastern and western halves of the Iranian plateau and imposed Twelver Shiʿism on the population. The interpretation of the Safavid Empire as a revival of an Iranian imperial tradition dating back to the Achaemenids is not credible, but the dynasty did create the framework in which modern Iran developed. By creating a large Shiʿi polity and politicizing the Sunni-Shiʿi split, the Safavids established an essential part of the framework of the modern Middle East. Safavid military history had three phases. From the beginning of the polity in 1501 until the Ottoman Sultan Selim (r. 1512–1520) defeated the founder of the Safavid polity, Shah Ismaʿil I (r. 1501–1524) at Chaldiran in 1514, the Safavid army was a tribal army. The Turkmen tribes (uymaq) that followed the Safavid rulers were known as the Qizilbash (red heads) after their distinctive red head gear. The Safavid Empire differed little from the earlier tribal Turkic and Mongol tribal confederations that had dominated much of the Middle East since the 11th century. In the second phase, from 1514 through the reign of Shah ʿAbbas I (r. 1588–1629) the Safavid military system evolved from an army of tribal cavalry to a composite force with cavalry recruited through several different mechanisms, and artillery and infantry components. The transformation gave the Safavids an army capable of defeating the Uzbeks and Mughals and, under conditions of advantage, the Ottomans. From the death of ʿAbbas I until the collapse of the empire in 1722, the third phase, the military organization did not change, but lost vitality and capacity. In 1648, the Safavids could project enough power to take Qandahar from the Mughals; in 1722, they could not defend their own capital from an Afghan army without siege equipment. The military transformation during the second phase paralleled and depended upon a transformation from a decentralized polity in which the Qizilbash dominated the provinces to a more centralized regime that depended primarily on silk exports. The Ghilzai Afghans, who ruled what had been the Safavid Empire from 1722 through 1729, and Nadir Shah Afshar, who ruled from 1729 to 1747, took over the Safavid governmental institutions. Some historians regard Nadir Shah as one of the great commanders of history. This bibliography includes generally accessible works in English, French, and German, on the assumption that its users will be mostly Western military historians, not scholars of Iranian history. It does not, therefore, include primary sources, either in Persian or in other languages. Most of the works listed, especially the Encyclopaedia Iranica articles, contain excellent bibliographic information. The citations themselves reproduce the transliteration in the works cited. Otherwise, this bibliography employs a simplified version of the transliteration system employed in the International Journal of Middle East Studies without diacritical ma
{"title":"Safavid Army","authors":"Douglas E. Streusand","doi":"10.1093/obo/9780199791279-0185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/obo/9780199791279-0185","url":null,"abstract":"Ruling from 1501 through 1722, the Safavid dynasty unified the eastern and western halves of the Iranian plateau and imposed Twelver Shiʿism on the population. The interpretation of the Safavid Empire as a revival of an Iranian imperial tradition dating back to the Achaemenids is not credible, but the dynasty did create the framework in which modern Iran developed. By creating a large Shiʿi polity and politicizing the Sunni-Shiʿi split, the Safavids established an essential part of the framework of the modern Middle East. Safavid military history had three phases. From the beginning of the polity in 1501 until the Ottoman Sultan Selim (r. 1512–1520) defeated the founder of the Safavid polity, Shah Ismaʿil I (r. 1501–1524) at Chaldiran in 1514, the Safavid army was a tribal army. The Turkmen tribes (uymaq) that followed the Safavid rulers were known as the Qizilbash (red heads) after their distinctive red head gear. The Safavid Empire differed little from the earlier tribal Turkic and Mongol tribal confederations that had dominated much of the Middle East since the 11th century. In the second phase, from 1514 through the reign of Shah ʿAbbas I (r. 1588–1629) the Safavid military system evolved from an army of tribal cavalry to a composite force with cavalry recruited through several different mechanisms, and artillery and infantry components. The transformation gave the Safavids an army capable of defeating the Uzbeks and Mughals and, under conditions of advantage, the Ottomans. From the death of ʿAbbas I until the collapse of the empire in 1722, the third phase, the military organization did not change, but lost vitality and capacity. In 1648, the Safavids could project enough power to take Qandahar from the Mughals; in 1722, they could not defend their own capital from an Afghan army without siege equipment. The military transformation during the second phase paralleled and depended upon a transformation from a decentralized polity in which the Qizilbash dominated the provinces to a more centralized regime that depended primarily on silk exports. The Ghilzai Afghans, who ruled what had been the Safavid Empire from 1722 through 1729, and Nadir Shah Afshar, who ruled from 1729 to 1747, took over the Safavid governmental institutions. Some historians regard Nadir Shah as one of the great commanders of history. This bibliography includes generally accessible works in English, French, and German, on the assumption that its users will be mostly Western military historians, not scholars of Iranian history. It does not, therefore, include primary sources, either in Persian or in other languages. Most of the works listed, especially the Encyclopaedia Iranica articles, contain excellent bibliographic information. The citations themselves reproduce the transliteration in the works cited. Otherwise, this bibliography employs a simplified version of the transliteration system employed in the International Journal of Middle East Studies without diacritical ma","PeriodicalId":44755,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85095887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"삼국시대 ‘당항성 전투’의 역사적 실상","authors":"윤성환","doi":"10.29212/mh.2019..110.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29212/mh.2019..110.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44755,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY","volume":"83 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77420105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.29212/mh.2019..110.427
김현식
{"title":"이라크 전쟁의 전쟁양상 변화 원인에 대한 고찰 - 저항의지와 정치적 행위자의 결합을 중심으로 -","authors":"김현식","doi":"10.29212/mh.2019..110.427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29212/mh.2019..110.427","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44755,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90373199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.29212/MH.2019..110.165
한정수
{"title":"고려시대 견장출정의(遣將出征儀) 및 사환의(師還儀)의 성립과정과 내용","authors":"한정수","doi":"10.29212/MH.2019..110.165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29212/MH.2019..110.165","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44755,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89214460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.29212/mh.2019..110.389
Inseung Kim
{"title":"한국전쟁 해전사(海戰史) 연구자료의 발굴과 그 효용성 - 영국 해군의 ‘작전기록’을 중심으로 -","authors":"Inseung Kim","doi":"10.29212/mh.2019..110.389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29212/mh.2019..110.389","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44755,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY","volume":"696 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72437817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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