: The present study was carried out to analyze the gut contents of Indian major carp, Cirrhinus mrigala from Meeranpur Lake of district Sultanpur, India from June 2018 to May 2019. The information on the feeding habits of fish helps to understand the inter-specific relationship of aquatic fauna and the productivity of the water body. The result so obtained was used to compute the percentage volume of food items in the gut (% V ), frequency of occurrence of gut having particular i food items (% O ), index of preponderance (I) and grading of various food items in gut contents of i Mrigal, Cirrhinus mrigala . In the present study, the gut was consisted by decay matter, phytoplankton, zooplankton, plant materials and insects. The result showed that the decay matter and plankton dominated in gut contents and considered as main food components during pre-breeding, breeding and post-breeding seasons. The bottom feeder and omnivorous feeding habit of Cirrhinus mrigala was confirmed by the index of preponderance and grading of various food items. Cirrhinus mrigala, Feeding habit, Gut analysis, Meeranpur Lake, Seasonal variation.
{"title":"SEASONAL VARIATION IN GUT CONTENTS OF INDIAN MAJOR CARP, CIRRHINUS MRIGALA FROM MEERANPUR LAKE, INDIA","authors":"Surya Mishra","doi":"10.46505/ijbi.2020.2216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46505/ijbi.2020.2216","url":null,"abstract":": The present study was carried out to analyze the gut contents of Indian major carp, Cirrhinus mrigala from Meeranpur Lake of district Sultanpur, India from June 2018 to May 2019. The information on the feeding habits of fish helps to understand the inter-specific relationship of aquatic fauna and the productivity of the water body. The result so obtained was used to compute the percentage volume of food items in the gut (% V ), frequency of occurrence of gut having particular i food items (% O ), index of preponderance (I) and grading of various food items in gut contents of i Mrigal, Cirrhinus mrigala . In the present study, the gut was consisted by decay matter, phytoplankton, zooplankton, plant materials and insects. The result showed that the decay matter and plankton dominated in gut contents and considered as main food components during pre-breeding, breeding and post-breeding seasons. The bottom feeder and omnivorous feeding habit of Cirrhinus mrigala was confirmed by the index of preponderance and grading of various food items. Cirrhinus mrigala, Feeding habit, Gut analysis, Meeranpur Lake, Seasonal variation.","PeriodicalId":447945,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Biological Innovations","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125019413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal uses of plants of District Dausa (Rajasthan), India was undertaken by means of structured oral questionnaire during January 2018 to December 2019. The aim of the survey was to collect information about these valuable plants used for the treatment of various ailments and other uses by the indigenous people and to identify the traditional healers among different communities in rural areas of the region. Interviews were conducted on a regular basis of local people, who had knowledge on the ethnobotanical uses of various parts of these plants. Many plant species were reported to be in use among the rural people of different communities in the study area. The survey provided a veritable source of information related to ethnomedicinal uses of plants in the area studied.
{"title":"ETHNOBOTANICAL PROPERTIES OF PLANTS USED BY THE RURAL COMMUNITY OF DAUSA DISTRICT OF RAJASTHAN, INDIA","authors":"N. Sharma, A. Pareek","doi":"10.46505/IJBI.2021.3118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46505/IJBI.2021.3118","url":null,"abstract":": An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal uses of plants of District Dausa (Rajasthan), India was undertaken by means of structured oral questionnaire during January 2018 to December 2019. The aim of the survey was to collect information about these valuable plants used for the treatment of various ailments and other uses by the indigenous people and to identify the traditional healers among different communities in rural areas of the region. Interviews were conducted on a regular basis of local people, who had knowledge on the ethnobotanical uses of various parts of these plants. Many plant species were reported to be in use among the rural people of different communities in the study area. The survey provided a veritable source of information related to ethnomedicinal uses of plants in the area studied.","PeriodicalId":447945,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Biological Innovations","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129357974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Distribution of jumping spiders (Salticidae: Araneae: Arachnida) in different states of India and union territories is presented herewith. A total of 352 species under 116 genera of Salticidae were recorded in all states and union territories of India except Daman and Diu and Dadra and Nagar Haveli. Maximum number of species were recorded from West Bengal (110 species) followed by Tamil Nadu (99 species), Kerala (92 species), Karnataka (92 species), Maharashtra (Maharashtra (84 species), Gujarat (66 species), Uttarakhand (49 species), Assam (44 species) and Odisha (44 species) and so on. Extensive survey for these spiders is required in states like Bihar, Chattisgarh, Haryana, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Telangana, and Uttar Pradesh which are poorly represented by these spiders.
{"title":"FAUNAL DIVERSITY OF JUMPING SPIDERS (SALTICIDAE: ARANEAE: ARACHNIDA) IN INDIA","authors":"R. Singh, Garima Singh, Bindra Bihari Singh","doi":"10.46505/IJBI.2021.3101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46505/IJBI.2021.3101","url":null,"abstract":"Distribution of jumping spiders (Salticidae: Araneae: Arachnida) in different states of India and union territories is presented herewith. A total of 352 species under 116 genera of Salticidae were recorded in all states and union territories of India except Daman and Diu and Dadra and Nagar Haveli. Maximum number of species were recorded from West Bengal (110 species) followed by Tamil Nadu (99 species), Kerala (92 species), Karnataka (92 species), Maharashtra (Maharashtra (84 species), Gujarat (66 species), Uttarakhand (49 species), Assam (44 species) and Odisha (44 species) and so on. Extensive survey for these spiders is required in states like Bihar, Chattisgarh, Haryana, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Telangana, and Uttar Pradesh which are poorly represented by these spiders.","PeriodicalId":447945,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Biological Innovations","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127143971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Heliothis armigera is an economically important, polyphagous pest. It feeds on wide range of crops such as tobacco, tomato, cauliflower, peas, maize, brinjal, groundnut, soya bean, cotton etc. It affects the quantitative and qualitative fruit production in more than 157 plant species. Damage is caused by larval stages. Larva bores deeply in the fruit and causes severe damage. The pest Heliothis armigera feeding on five tomato varieties (Pant Bahar, Ratna, Arka Saurabh, Pusa Gaurav and Arka Abha) was analyzed for different growth parameters such as adult emergence, sex ratio and longevity. In the present study, maximum adult emergence (74.33%) was recorded in Pusa Gaurav, followed by Pant Bahar (72.65%) while minimum emergence (62.62%) was noticed in Arka Saurabh tomato variety. The maximum longevity of male Heliothis armigera was recorded on tomato variety Pant Bahar (24.33 days), followed by Pusa Gaurav (19.50 days), Ratna (20.30 days) and Arka Abha (22.65 days) while minimum in Arka Saurabh (18.55 days). The maximum female longevity (31.67 days) was recorded on Pant Bahar while minimum on Arka Saurabh (22.93 days). Observation recorded on tomato varieties indicated that sex ratio was maximum on Pant Bahar (1:1.85) which was at par with Arka Abha (1:1.46), Ratna (1:1.29), Pusa Gaurav (1:1.06) and Arka Saurabh (1:0.98) respectively.
{"title":"STUDY OF FEEDING BEHAVIOUR AGAINST GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT PARAMETERS OF Heliothis armigera ON TOMATO","authors":"A. Awasthi, Sangeeta Avasthi","doi":"10.46505/ijbi.2020.2217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46505/ijbi.2020.2217","url":null,"abstract":": Heliothis armigera is an economically important, polyphagous pest. It feeds on wide range of crops such as tobacco, tomato, cauliflower, peas, maize, brinjal, groundnut, soya bean, cotton etc. It affects the quantitative and qualitative fruit production in more than 157 plant species. Damage is caused by larval stages. Larva bores deeply in the fruit and causes severe damage. The pest Heliothis armigera feeding on five tomato varieties (Pant Bahar, Ratna, Arka Saurabh, Pusa Gaurav and Arka Abha) was analyzed for different growth parameters such as adult emergence, sex ratio and longevity. In the present study, maximum adult emergence (74.33%) was recorded in Pusa Gaurav, followed by Pant Bahar (72.65%) while minimum emergence (62.62%) was noticed in Arka Saurabh tomato variety. The maximum longevity of male Heliothis armigera was recorded on tomato variety Pant Bahar (24.33 days), followed by Pusa Gaurav (19.50 days), Ratna (20.30 days) and Arka Abha (22.65 days) while minimum in Arka Saurabh (18.55 days). The maximum female longevity (31.67 days) was recorded on Pant Bahar while minimum on Arka Saurabh (22.93 days). Observation recorded on tomato varieties indicated that sex ratio was maximum on Pant Bahar (1:1.85) which was at par with Arka Abha (1:1.46), Ratna (1:1.29), Pusa Gaurav (1:1.06) and Arka Saurabh (1:0.98) respectively.","PeriodicalId":447945,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Biological Innovations","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124792348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM AND ITS BIODIVERSITY: AN OVERVIEW","authors":"S. Prakash","doi":"10.46505/ijbi.2021.3210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46505/ijbi.2021.3210","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":447945,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Biological Innovations","volume":"334 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122096246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: The present study is carried out to analyze the effect of short-term starvation on biological condition indices, hematological and biometric parameters of Clarias batrachus . Two groups of test fish, Clarias batrachus were subjected to different treatments: Group A (control) fishes were then fed three times a day until apparent satiety for 14 days; Group B (experimental) fishes were starved for 14 days. A significant rise in WBC (7.16%) with substantial reduction in hematocrit (11.97 %), haemoglobin (37.04 %), RBC (35.51%), glucose (19.15%), protein (23.65%) and cholesterol (43.12%) were assessed in the blood of starved fish for 14 days, while triglyceride level decreased (14.79%) in fish starved for 7 days, subsequently returning to values almost similar to control by the end of the trial i.e. 14 days. A significant decrease in liver protein (36.08%), total lipid (17.96%) and glycogen (75.0%) contents, while in muscles, the protein, total lipid, and glycogen contents also reduced up to 39.70%, 28.60% and 65.90% respectively, after 14 days in starved fish. These hematological and biometric parameters seem to have potential as a predictive tool for establishing the nutritional status or physiological condition during short-term starvation of Clarias batrachus , which may be useful to manage and monitor feeding practices during culture of this species.
{"title":"ALTERATIONS IN HEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOMETRIC PARAMETERS OF CLARIAS BATRACHUS (LINN, 1758) FOLLOWING SHORT-TERM STARVATION","authors":"Anil Kumar, S. Prakash","doi":"10.46505/IJBI.2021.3119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46505/IJBI.2021.3119","url":null,"abstract":": The present study is carried out to analyze the effect of short-term starvation on biological condition indices, hematological and biometric parameters of Clarias batrachus . Two groups of test fish, Clarias batrachus were subjected to different treatments: Group A (control) fishes were then fed three times a day until apparent satiety for 14 days; Group B (experimental) fishes were starved for 14 days. A significant rise in WBC (7.16%) with substantial reduction in hematocrit (11.97 %), haemoglobin (37.04 %), RBC (35.51%), glucose (19.15%), protein (23.65%) and cholesterol (43.12%) were assessed in the blood of starved fish for 14 days, while triglyceride level decreased (14.79%) in fish starved for 7 days, subsequently returning to values almost similar to control by the end of the trial i.e. 14 days. A significant decrease in liver protein (36.08%), total lipid (17.96%) and glycogen (75.0%) contents, while in muscles, the protein, total lipid, and glycogen contents also reduced up to 39.70%, 28.60% and 65.90% respectively, after 14 days in starved fish. These hematological and biometric parameters seem to have potential as a predictive tool for establishing the nutritional status or physiological condition during short-term starvation of Clarias batrachus , which may be useful to manage and monitor feeding practices during culture of this species.","PeriodicalId":447945,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Biological Innovations","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131626918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An experiment was carried out to assess the allelopathic effect of leaf extract of Ageratum conyzoides on germination and seedling growth in Arpan and Sapna varieties of Pisum sativum at various concentrations viz. 10, 20, 30 and 40% in the laboratory. The results revealed that all the germination and seedling growth attributes to both varieties of pea were significantly inhibited by the influence of water extract at various concentrations as compared to control. Lowest germination percentage, germination index, root and shoot length, seedling dry weight and seedling vigour index in pea varieties was observed by the effect of water extract of Ageratum conyzoides at 10% concentration. The seed germination, plumule and radicle length were reduced with increasing concentration of aqueous solution. The study concluded that increasing concentration of leaf extract of Ageratum conyzoides has adverse effects on germination, shoot length, and root length and biomass production of Pisum sativum than the control.
{"title":"ALLELOPATHIC EFFECT OF AGERATUM CONYZOIDES L. ON SEED GERMINATION AND GROWTH OF PEA VARIETIES","authors":"A. Singh","doi":"10.46505/IJBI.2021.3120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46505/IJBI.2021.3120","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was carried out to assess the allelopathic effect of leaf extract of Ageratum conyzoides on germination and seedling growth in Arpan and Sapna varieties of Pisum sativum at various concentrations viz. 10, 20, 30 and 40% in the laboratory. The results revealed that all the germination and seedling growth attributes to both varieties of pea were significantly inhibited by the influence of water extract at various concentrations as compared to control. Lowest germination percentage, germination index, root and shoot length, seedling dry weight and seedling vigour index in pea varieties was observed by the effect of water extract of Ageratum conyzoides at 10% concentration. The seed germination, plumule and radicle length were reduced with increasing concentration of aqueous solution. The study concluded that increasing concentration of leaf extract of Ageratum conyzoides has adverse effects on germination, shoot length, and root length and biomass production of Pisum sativum than the control.","PeriodicalId":447945,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Biological Innovations","volume":"130 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134324048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ethno-botany is the study of the relationship between human beings and plants. Most commonly it refers to the study of indigenous uses of plants that have been proved beneficial both for the prevention as well as cure of various human diseases. The medicinal properties lie in plant roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds and sometimes an entire plant is used to cure various ailments like anemia, jaundice, smallpox, leprosy, antiseptic, cough, skin disease, cancer, piles, diarrhea, diuretic, low blood pressure, dysentery, headache, diabetes, asthma, toothache, purify blood, fever, madness, disorders, ulcer and others. This review emphasizes on the use of ethno-medicinal plants specifically by tribes of Uttar Pradesh.
{"title":"SOME ETHNO-MEDICINAL PLANTS OF UTTAR PRADESH: A REVIEW","authors":"J. K. Rao","doi":"10.46505/ijbi.2021.3207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46505/ijbi.2021.3207","url":null,"abstract":"Ethno-botany is the study of the relationship between human beings and plants. Most commonly it refers to the study of indigenous uses of plants that have been proved beneficial both for the prevention as well as cure of various human diseases. The medicinal properties lie in plant roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds and sometimes an entire plant is used to cure various ailments like anemia, jaundice, smallpox, leprosy, antiseptic, cough, skin disease, cancer, piles, diarrhea, diuretic, low blood pressure, dysentery, headache, diabetes, asthma, toothache, purify blood, fever, madness, disorders, ulcer and others. This review emphasizes on the use of ethno-medicinal plants specifically by tribes of Uttar Pradesh.","PeriodicalId":447945,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Biological Innovations","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134211474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study was aimed to evaluate the growth performance and subsequent survival rate of the rohu (Labeo rohita) and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The experiment was conducted in th th six concrete tanks under an outdoor laboratory shed from 10 May to 29 July, 2019. There were three replications for each treatment and feed was supplied at the rate of 12%, 8%, and 4% of the st nd rd body weight of rohu and 20%, 15%, and 10% of the body weight of tilapia in 1 , 2 and 3 month for rohu (T ) and tilapia (T ) respectively to assess the comparative growth performance. The initial 1 2 weight of individual tilapia was 7.52±1.81 g and 14.75±0.19 g for T and T respectively. The final 1 2, mean weight of each fish was 44.01±5.65g for T and 139.94±1.29 g for T The weight gains of fish 1 2. were 36.49±4.09 g and 125.19±1.29 g for T and T respectively. The mean percent weight gain of 1 2, tilapia was higher in T (1715.05±0.00) than T (485.23±0.00). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) in T and 2 1 1 T were 2.86±0.14 and 2.23±0.18, respectively. Higher total production was obtained in T (1119.52 2 2 g) than T (278.19 g) with 100% survival in both the treatments. The water quality parameters for 1 both of the species were within the suitable range. The study reveals that growth performance was higher in T than T having 100% survival rate in the concrete tanks. 2 1
{"title":"IMPACT OF FLOATING FEED ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, YIELD AND SURVIVAL OF ROHU (LABEO ROHITA) AND TILAPIA (OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS) IN TANK BASED INTENSIVE AQUACULTURE SYSTEM","authors":"Md. Hashibur Rahman, M. Arifuzzaman","doi":"10.46505/ijbi.2021.3208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46505/ijbi.2021.3208","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was aimed to evaluate the growth performance and subsequent survival rate of the rohu (Labeo rohita) and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The experiment was conducted in th th six concrete tanks under an outdoor laboratory shed from 10 May to 29 July, 2019. There were three replications for each treatment and feed was supplied at the rate of 12%, 8%, and 4% of the st nd rd body weight of rohu and 20%, 15%, and 10% of the body weight of tilapia in 1 , 2 and 3 month for rohu (T ) and tilapia (T ) respectively to assess the comparative growth performance. The initial 1 2 weight of individual tilapia was 7.52±1.81 g and 14.75±0.19 g for T and T respectively. The final 1 2, mean weight of each fish was 44.01±5.65g for T and 139.94±1.29 g for T The weight gains of fish 1 2. were 36.49±4.09 g and 125.19±1.29 g for T and T respectively. The mean percent weight gain of 1 2, tilapia was higher in T (1715.05±0.00) than T (485.23±0.00). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) in T and 2 1 1 T were 2.86±0.14 and 2.23±0.18, respectively. Higher total production was obtained in T (1119.52 2 2 g) than T (278.19 g) with 100% survival in both the treatments. The water quality parameters for 1 both of the species were within the suitable range. The study reveals that growth performance was higher in T than T having 100% survival rate in the concrete tanks. 2 1","PeriodicalId":447945,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Biological Innovations","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126430236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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