Pub Date : 2021-09-09DOI: 10.4236/ojee.2021.103007
P. Beaulac, M. Issa, A. Ilinca, Richard Lepage, F. Martini
Dust collection systems represent a significant portion of a wood product manufacturer’s total electricity use. The system fan works against the static pressure of the entire system—the blast gates, the ductwork, and the upstream or downstream cyclone and/or baghouse. A poor system design (e.g., sharp elbows or undersized ductwork) increases the total amount of static pressure in the system, the fan’s performance curve shifts, increasing the total brake horsepower required by the fan (up to the maximum point on the curve). Additionally, system designers may oversize a dust collection system to ensure adequate dust capture and transport, either to accommodate system expansion or simply to be conservative. Since theoretical fan energy use increases with its velocity cubed, this can be an expensive safety net. This paper presents a comprehensive literature review about industrial cyclone dust collectors energy saving in relation to management, technologies, and policies. Energy-saving technologies like high-efficiency motors (HEMs), variable-speed drives (VSDs), leak detection, and pressure drop reduction have all been examined. Based on energy saving technologies results, it has been found that in the industrial sectors, a sizeable amount of electric energy, and utility bill can be saved using these technologies. Finally, various energy-saving policies were reviewed.
{"title":"Improving the Energy Efficiency of Cyclone Dust Collectors for Wood Product Factories","authors":"P. Beaulac, M. Issa, A. Ilinca, Richard Lepage, F. Martini","doi":"10.4236/ojee.2021.103007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojee.2021.103007","url":null,"abstract":"Dust collection systems represent a significant portion of a wood product manufacturer’s total electricity use. The system fan works against the static pressure of the entire system—the blast gates, the ductwork, and the upstream or downstream cyclone and/or baghouse. A poor system design (e.g., sharp elbows or undersized ductwork) increases the total amount of static pressure in the system, the fan’s performance curve shifts, increasing the total brake horsepower required by the fan (up to the maximum point on the curve). Additionally, system designers may oversize a dust collection system to ensure adequate dust capture and transport, either to accommodate system expansion or simply to be conservative. Since theoretical fan energy use increases with its velocity cubed, this can be an expensive safety net. This paper presents a comprehensive literature review about industrial cyclone dust collectors energy saving in relation to management, technologies, and policies. Energy-saving technologies like high-efficiency motors (HEMs), variable-speed drives (VSDs), leak detection, and pressure drop reduction have all been examined. Based on energy saving technologies results, it has been found that in the industrial sectors, a sizeable amount of electric energy, and utility bill can be saved using these technologies. Finally, various energy-saving policies were reviewed.","PeriodicalId":448251,"journal":{"name":"Open Journal of Energy Efficiency","volume":"3 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132335547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-09DOI: 10.4236/ojee.2021.103005
Xian-Yong Ding, Guoqiang Wu
Considering the great potential of composite electrode with carbon and transition metal oxides as a future ideal form of electrode for future energy storing system, many efforts have been devoted into such aspect of research. Sweet potato-derived carbon framework with nanosheet form of MnO2 anchored on it was carried out through the low-temperature solution grown technique, which is simple, low-cost, and applicable for large-scale commercial production. Such form of composite electrode can facilitate the inner transportation of electrons and ions, and offer high specific capacitance (309 F/g at 0.5 A/g) with comparable discharging rate capability (94 F/g at 20 A/g), which reasonably can be regarded as a superior form of composite electrode.
{"title":"MnO2 Nanosheets Anchored on a Biomass-Derived Porous Carbon for High-Performance Supercapacitors","authors":"Xian-Yong Ding, Guoqiang Wu","doi":"10.4236/ojee.2021.103005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojee.2021.103005","url":null,"abstract":"Considering the great potential of composite electrode with carbon and \u0000transition metal oxides as a future ideal form of electrode for future energy \u0000storing system, many efforts have been devoted into such aspect of research. \u0000Sweet potato-derived carbon framework with nanosheet form of MnO2 anchored on it was carried out through the low-temperature solution grown \u0000technique, which is simple, low-cost, and applicable for large-scale commercial \u0000production. Such form of composite electrode can facilitate the inner \u0000transportation of electrons and ions, and offer high specific capacitance (309 F/g \u0000at 0.5 A/g) with comparable discharging rate capability (94 F/g at 20 A/g), \u0000which reasonably can be regarded as a superior form of composite electrode.","PeriodicalId":448251,"journal":{"name":"Open Journal of Energy Efficiency","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115459873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Katutsi, Turyareeba Dickson, Adella Grace Migisha
This paper examines the factors that Uganda’s households consider when making fuel choices for cooking and investigates the key drivers of fuel choice. The study adopts a quantitative cross sectional research design. The dependent variable of the empirical model is a qualitative response variable which defines three mutually exclusive and highly differentiated discrete choices for cooking fuels, namely: the traditional fuel (firewood), the transitional fuel (charcoal), and the modern (LPG & electricity). Results from the study show that the most important drivers of fuel choice for cooking in Uganda’s households are: household income, age of household head, gender of household head, marital status, education levels of household head and location of a household. Results also reveal high dependency of firewood as cooking energy source among households in Uganda.
{"title":"Drivers of Fuel Choice for Cooking among Uganda’s Households","authors":"V. Katutsi, Turyareeba Dickson, Adella Grace Migisha","doi":"10.4236/OJEE.2020.93008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OJEE.2020.93008","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the factors that Uganda’s households consider when making fuel choices for cooking and investigates the key drivers of fuel choice. The study adopts a quantitative cross sectional research design. The dependent variable of the empirical model is a qualitative response variable which defines three mutually exclusive and highly differentiated discrete choices for cooking fuels, namely: the traditional fuel (firewood), the transitional fuel (charcoal), and the modern (LPG & electricity). Results from the study show that the most important drivers of fuel choice for cooking in Uganda’s households are: household income, age of household head, gender of household head, marital status, education levels of household head and location of a household. Results also reveal high dependency of firewood as cooking energy source among households in Uganda.","PeriodicalId":448251,"journal":{"name":"Open Journal of Energy Efficiency","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121303163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An increase in energy efficiency and a reduction of carbon emissions in buildings are prerequisites for mitigating climate change. Public buildings should be energy-refurbished for minimizing their energy use, complying with EU legislation and directives. The creation of net zero carbon emissions prisons in Crete, Greece with reference to the agricultural prison of Agia has been examined. The prison’s capacity is 178 offenders and the annual energy consumption has been estimated at 4000 KWh/prisoner. The use of a solar thermal system for hot water production and a solar-PV system for electricity generation has been proposed for generating the energy required in the prison. Two scenarios have been examined. In the first, the two solar energy systems would generate all the required energy in the prison, while in the second, the two solar energy systems would generate 50% of the annual required energy in the prison, and the rest would be produced by fossil fuels. A tree plantation, either with olive trees or with Eucalyptus trees, would be created for offsetting the carbon emissions due to fossil fuels used in the prison. The surface of the flat plate solar collectors in the solar thermal system has been estimated at 113.9 M2 to 227.8 M2 while its cost is at 34,170€ to 68,340€. The nominal power of the solar-PV system has been estimated at 151.9 KWp to 303.8 KWp while its cost is at 182,280€ to 364,560€. The area of the tree plantation sequestrating 50% of the current CO2 emissions due to fossil fuels use in the prison has been estimated at 14.74 ha for olive trees and at 5.9 ha for Eucalyptus trees. The results indicated that the energy refurbishment in Agia’s agricultural prison in Crete, Greece, in order to zero its annual net carbon emissions, is feasible.
{"title":"Possibilities of Creating Net Zero Carbon Emissions Prisons in the Island of Crete, Greece","authors":"John Vourdoubas","doi":"10.4236/ojee.2020.92006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojee.2020.92006","url":null,"abstract":"An increase in energy efficiency and a reduction of carbon emissions in buildings are prerequisites for mitigating climate change. Public buildings should be energy-refurbished for minimizing their energy use, complying with EU legislation and directives. The creation of net zero carbon emissions prisons in Crete, Greece with reference to the agricultural prison of Agia has been examined. The prison’s capacity is 178 offenders and the annual energy consumption has been estimated at 4000 KWh/prisoner. The use of a solar thermal system for hot water production and a solar-PV system for electricity generation has been proposed for generating the energy required in the prison. Two scenarios have been examined. In the first, the two solar energy systems would generate all the required energy in the prison, while in the second, the two solar energy systems would generate 50% of the annual required energy in the prison, and the rest would be produced by fossil fuels. A tree plantation, either with olive trees or with Eucalyptus trees, would be created for offsetting the carbon emissions due to fossil fuels used in the prison. The surface of the flat plate solar collectors in the solar thermal system has been estimated at 113.9 M2 to 227.8 M2 while its cost is at 34,170€ to 68,340€. The nominal power of the solar-PV system has been estimated at 151.9 KWp to 303.8 KWp while its cost is at 182,280€ to 364,560€. The area of the tree plantation sequestrating 50% of the current CO2 emissions due to fossil fuels use in the prison has been estimated at 14.74 ha for olive trees and at 5.9 ha for Eucalyptus trees. The results indicated that the energy refurbishment in Agia’s agricultural prison in Crete, Greece, in order to zero its annual net carbon emissions, is feasible.","PeriodicalId":448251,"journal":{"name":"Open Journal of Energy Efficiency","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116676642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The dominant property of building envelope fabric which contributes significantly to minimize electricity utilization in building is the thermo-physical properties. There is inadequate literature on representative practical data of thermo-physical properties of the dominant building envelope components in Ghana. This study aims to use cost-effective approach to characterize the thermo-physical properties of only cement-based mortar and concrete blocks used in Ghana for building components specifically wall design. Mixed methods research design was employed to achieving the aim. A questionnaire survey was used among sampled building fabric components manufacturers to pick representative data on thermos-physical properties of their mortar and concrete blocks. Also, an experimental procedure employing a transient technique with a TCi Thermal Analyser was used to determine the thermo-physical properties of selected mortar and concrete blocks from Ghana in addition to designed parametric mortar and concrete blocks with varied ratios obtained from the survey were undertaken at University of Nottingham. From the study, a trend of decreasing thermal conductivity and thermal effusivity with corresponding decreasing sand content was observed with all the different sand types. The thermal conductivities of both mortar and concrete parametric blocks meet the range of expected standard values outlined in Chattered Institute of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE) Guide A. The major limitation of the work is the dimension of the sample size; which is not inconsistent with standard block size due to the experimental setup used. It is expected that, the characterization of the predominant cement-based building fabrics components will contribute to improved building performance analysis with significant savings in electricity utilization for space cooling.
{"title":"Characterization of Thermo-Physical Properties of Cement-Based Blocks of Varied Sand Types Using Cost-Effective Enhancement Approach","authors":"E. A. Adjei, S. Amos-Abanyie, S. Omer","doi":"10.4236/ojee.2020.91002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojee.2020.91002","url":null,"abstract":"The dominant property of building envelope fabric which contributes significantly to minimize electricity utilization in building is the thermo-physical properties. There is inadequate literature on representative practical data of thermo-physical properties of the dominant building envelope components in Ghana. This study aims to use cost-effective approach to characterize the thermo-physical properties of only cement-based mortar and concrete blocks used in Ghana for building components specifically wall design. Mixed methods research design was employed to achieving the aim. A questionnaire survey was used among sampled building fabric components manufacturers to pick representative data on thermos-physical properties of their mortar and concrete blocks. Also, an experimental procedure employing a transient technique with a TCi Thermal Analyser was used to determine the thermo-physical properties of selected mortar and concrete blocks from Ghana in addition to designed parametric mortar and concrete blocks with varied ratios obtained from the survey were undertaken at University of Nottingham. From the study, a trend of decreasing thermal conductivity and thermal effusivity with corresponding decreasing sand content was observed with all the different sand types. The thermal conductivities of both mortar and concrete parametric blocks meet the range of expected standard values outlined in Chattered Institute of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE) Guide A. The major limitation of the work is the dimension of the sample size; which is not inconsistent with standard block size due to the experimental setup used. It is expected that, the characterization of the predominant cement-based building fabrics components will contribute to improved building performance analysis with significant savings in electricity utilization for space cooling.","PeriodicalId":448251,"journal":{"name":"Open Journal of Energy Efficiency","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127567047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Iddrisu, S. T. Appiah, Khalid Abdul-Mumin, Abdul-Rahman Abdul-Samed
One of the cherished assets of every economy is electricity since it has proven to be the major source of energy for industrialization. Developing economies like Ghana have suffered the downside of poor management of the already inadequate electrical energy at its disposal. This is as a result of limited research into factors that influences electricity energy consumption, most importantly, the effects of climatic variables on electricity energy consumption. This research work explores the causal connection between climatic variables and electricity energy consumption, and develops a Vector Auto Regression (VAR) model to determine the influence of the climatic variables in forecasting electricity energy consumption in Yendi Municipality in the northern region of Ghana. The climatic factors considered in this work are; Rainfall (Rain), maximum temperature (Tmax), Sunshine (Sun), Wind (wind) and Relative Humidity (RH). The Granger causality tests employed in this work revealed that aside from Relative Humidity, the end energy consumption is affected by the other four climatic factors under consideration. The impulse response was used to ascertain the active interaction among electricity energy consumption and the climatic variables. The impulse response of electricity energy consumption to the climatic variables indicates a maximum positive effect of Temperature and Sunshine on electricity energy consumption in March and September respectively. The VAR model was also used in forecasting future consumption of electricity energy. The results indicate excellent forecasts of electricity energy consumption for the first four months of 2019.
{"title":"Modelling the Impact and Effects of Climatic Variability on Electricity Energy Consumption in the Yendi Municipality of Ghana","authors":"W. Iddrisu, S. T. Appiah, Khalid Abdul-Mumin, Abdul-Rahman Abdul-Samed","doi":"10.4236/ojee.2020.91001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojee.2020.91001","url":null,"abstract":"One of the cherished assets of every economy is electricity since it has proven to be the major source of energy for industrialization. Developing economies like Ghana have suffered the downside of poor management of the already inadequate electrical energy at its disposal. This is as a result of limited research into factors that influences electricity energy consumption, most importantly, the effects of climatic variables on electricity energy consumption. This research work explores the causal connection between climatic variables and electricity energy consumption, and develops a Vector Auto Regression (VAR) model to determine the influence of the climatic variables in forecasting electricity energy consumption in Yendi Municipality in the northern region of Ghana. The climatic factors considered in this work are; Rainfall (Rain), maximum temperature (Tmax), Sunshine (Sun), Wind (wind) and Relative Humidity (RH). The Granger causality tests employed in this work revealed that aside from Relative Humidity, the end energy consumption is affected by the other four climatic factors under consideration. The impulse response was used to ascertain the active interaction among electricity energy consumption and the climatic variables. The impulse response of electricity energy consumption to the climatic variables indicates a maximum positive effect of Temperature and Sunshine on electricity energy consumption in March and September respectively. The VAR model was also used in forecasting future consumption of electricity energy. The results indicate excellent forecasts of electricity energy consumption for the first four months of 2019.","PeriodicalId":448251,"journal":{"name":"Open Journal of Energy Efficiency","volume":"36 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127441751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. L. Sawadogo, S. Igo, A. Compaoré, Drissa Ouedraogo, X. Chesneau, B. Zeghmati
This work concerns an experimental and numerical study of energy losses in a typical oven usually used in the agro-food craft sector in Burkina Faso. The experimental results were obtained by infrared thermography of the oven and by monitoring the evolution of the wall temperatures using thermocouples connected to a data acquisition system. These results indicate that the energy losses are mainly through the walls of the oven. The numerical study based on the energy balance and corroborated by the experimental study made it possible to quantify these losses of energy which represents almost half of the fuel used. These results will allow us to work on a new, more efficient oven model for the grilling sector in Burkina Faso.
{"title":"Experimental and Numerical Study of Energy Losses in a Barbecue Oven in Burkina Faso","authors":"G. L. Sawadogo, S. Igo, A. Compaoré, Drissa Ouedraogo, X. Chesneau, B. Zeghmati","doi":"10.4236/ojee.2020.91003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojee.2020.91003","url":null,"abstract":"This work concerns an experimental and numerical study of energy losses in a typical oven usually used in the agro-food craft sector in Burkina Faso. The experimental results were obtained by infrared thermography of the oven and by monitoring the evolution of the wall temperatures using thermocouples connected to a data acquisition system. These results indicate that the energy losses are mainly through the walls of the oven. The numerical study based on the energy balance and corroborated by the experimental study made it possible to quantify these losses of energy which represents almost half of the fuel used. These results will allow us to work on a new, more efficient oven model for the grilling sector in Burkina Faso.","PeriodicalId":448251,"journal":{"name":"Open Journal of Energy Efficiency","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131901319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Filip Milojkovic, F. Zúñiga, A. Zandi, Knuth Posern, E. Ün
In order to promote digital innovations in the field of energy use and monitoring in all end customer sectors, the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi) has launched the “Pilotprogramm Einsparzahler” in 2016. The program promotes the development of digital platforms following the “Efficiency First” principle, focusing not on individual projects but on the establishment of a business model. smartB successfully applied for subsidies for the development of a software tool, the architecture of which is the content of this open source paper. The tool applies a multivariate regression-model to model a given system’s energy consumption (significant energy uses or SEUs), adjusted to relevant external factors (e.g. weather) and given output levels or product properties. Thereby comparing energy consumption before and after an energy conservation measure (ECM), the tool allows for a quantification and verification of achieved energy savings as laid out in international standards for energy management (ISO, 2014). Achieved energy savings induced by an ECM and energy efficiency improvements cannot be measured directly. We use the term “negawatt-hour”, defined as a unit of energy saved as a direct result of energy conservation measures. International norms provide accepted standards to derive quantified savings in negawatt-hours from a qualified comparison between consumption before and after an ECM, as presented at the beginning of the paper.
{"title":"The Quantification and Reporting of Negawatt-Hours with Flexible Energy Conservation Measure Verification Software (ECM-Tool)","authors":"Filip Milojkovic, F. Zúñiga, A. Zandi, Knuth Posern, E. Ün","doi":"10.4236/ojee.2019.84011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojee.2019.84011","url":null,"abstract":"In order to promote digital innovations in the field of energy use and monitoring in all end customer sectors, the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi) has launched the “Pilotprogramm Einsparzahler” in 2016. The program promotes the development of digital platforms following the “Efficiency First” principle, focusing not on individual projects but on the establishment of a business model. smartB successfully applied for subsidies for the development of a software tool, the architecture of which is the content of this open source paper. The tool applies a multivariate regression-model to model a given system’s energy consumption (significant energy uses or SEUs), adjusted to relevant external factors (e.g. weather) and given output levels or product properties. Thereby comparing energy consumption before and after an energy conservation measure (ECM), the tool allows for a quantification and verification of achieved energy savings as laid out in international standards for energy management (ISO, 2014). Achieved energy savings induced by an ECM and energy efficiency improvements cannot be measured directly. We use the term “negawatt-hour”, defined as a unit of energy saved as a direct result of energy conservation measures. International norms provide accepted standards to derive quantified savings in negawatt-hours from a qualified comparison between consumption before and after an ECM, as presented at the beginning of the paper.","PeriodicalId":448251,"journal":{"name":"Open Journal of Energy Efficiency","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130511399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recently, Palestine has been willing to improve its energy efficiency action plan and policies. As the Electrical demand for energy is increasing in Palestine, improving energy efficiency can be considered as an efficient way to achieve reductions in energy consumptions. In this respect, energy efficiency action plan and its strategies must be designed to overcome existing market barriers against using energy efficient appliances in residential and commercial sectors in Palestine. This study provides background on the benefits of stakeholders and steps needed to support energy efficiency standards and labeling in Palestine. Furthermore, this study attempts to predict the techno-economic impact of implementing high efficient electrical appliances in Palestine. Survey-based analyses from 300 households were conducted in 2019 to estimate residential sector electrical appliances usage, behavior and their knowledge in electrical appliances labels and standards, the study aims also to estimate the perception and willingness of Palestinian householders to shift towards more energy efficient choices. The study will focus on 8 electrical appliances that constitute a major share of the electricity used within households and commercial sectors in Palestinian market.
{"title":"Impact of Implementation Energy Efficient Appliances in Palestinian Market","authors":"I. Ibrik, Tahseen Sulaiman","doi":"10.4236/ojee.2019.84009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojee.2019.84009","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, Palestine has been willing to improve its energy efficiency action plan and policies. As the Electrical demand for energy is increasing in Palestine, improving energy efficiency can be considered as an efficient way to achieve reductions in energy consumptions. In this respect, energy efficiency action plan and its strategies must be designed to overcome existing market barriers against using energy efficient appliances in residential and commercial sectors in Palestine. This study provides background on the benefits of stakeholders and steps needed to support energy efficiency standards and labeling in Palestine. Furthermore, this study attempts to predict the techno-economic impact of implementing high efficient electrical appliances in Palestine. Survey-based analyses from 300 households were conducted in 2019 to estimate residential sector electrical appliances usage, behavior and their knowledge in electrical appliances labels and standards, the study aims also to estimate the perception and willingness of Palestinian householders to shift towards more energy efficient choices. The study will focus on 8 electrical appliances that constitute a major share of the electricity used within households and commercial sectors in Palestinian market.","PeriodicalId":448251,"journal":{"name":"Open Journal of Energy Efficiency","volume":"2016 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127538704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The performance of solar panels significantly degrades due to dust accumulation but cleaning too frequently will severely impact the financial benefits of the installation of solar panels. This paper assumes a realistic linear model for accumulation of dust on the solar panels and the resulting hourly average of absolute loss of efficiency in solar panels. This model accurately depicts the fact that energy production by solar panels occurs during sunshine hours only and also accounts for the degradation in the efficiency of solar panels due to dust accumulation throughout the entire day. Based on this, the optimal number of days for maximum financial profit and the critical number of days (above which there is no profit in installing solar panels) have been estimated. Furthermore, we have suggested a formalism to help estimate the finances for self-cleaning technology for PV system and also for calculating the minimum payback period for installing solar panels with the financial cost of the cleaning cycles properly considered. This research could be motivation for companies in developing self-cleaning mechanism for PV system.
{"title":"Closer Approximation to Optimize Solar Panels Performance with Cleaning Cycle: A Follow-Up","authors":"R. Karkee, Sumit Khadka","doi":"10.4236/ojee.2019.84010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojee.2019.84010","url":null,"abstract":"The performance of solar panels significantly degrades due to dust accumulation but cleaning too frequently will severely impact the financial benefits of the installation of solar panels. This paper assumes a realistic linear model for accumulation of dust on the solar panels and the resulting hourly average of absolute loss of efficiency in solar panels. This model accurately depicts the fact that energy production by solar panels occurs during sunshine hours only and also accounts for the degradation in the efficiency of solar panels due to dust accumulation throughout the entire day. Based on this, the optimal number of days for maximum financial profit and the critical number of days (above which there is no profit in installing solar panels) have been estimated. Furthermore, we have suggested a formalism to help estimate the finances for self-cleaning technology for PV system and also for calculating the minimum payback period for installing solar panels with the financial cost of the cleaning cycles properly considered. This research could be motivation for companies in developing self-cleaning mechanism for PV system.","PeriodicalId":448251,"journal":{"name":"Open Journal of Energy Efficiency","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128440385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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