Pub Date : 2024-07-12DOI: 10.15451/ec2024-07-13.20-1-18
G. Soldati, Emmanuel Duarte Almada
Indigenous peoples and local communities continue to suffer various violations and ethnocide. Their knowledge systems and biodiversity management practices, which are fundamental to overcoming the central crises of today, are under threat. Consolidating a political approach in Ethnobiology can contribute to the struggles and rights of Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities. Therefore, we present (i) a brief history of the political approach in Ethnobiology, (ii) conceptual and theoretical contributions to an anti-oppressive Ethnobiology, (iii) a proposal for a conceptual and programmatic synthesis for Political Ethnobiology, and (iv) examples of investigations and concrete actions in the field of Political Ethnobiology.
{"title":"Political Ethnobiology","authors":"G. Soldati, Emmanuel Duarte Almada","doi":"10.15451/ec2024-07-13.20-1-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15451/ec2024-07-13.20-1-18","url":null,"abstract":"Indigenous peoples and local communities continue to suffer various violations and ethnocide. Their knowledge systems and biodiversity management practices, which are fundamental to overcoming the central crises of today, are under threat. Consolidating a political approach in Ethnobiology can contribute to the struggles and rights of Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities. Therefore, we present (i) a brief history of the political approach in Ethnobiology, (ii) conceptual and theoretical contributions to an anti-oppressive Ethnobiology, (iii) a proposal for a conceptual and programmatic synthesis for Political Ethnobiology, and (iv) examples of investigations and concrete actions in the field of Political Ethnobiology.","PeriodicalId":44826,"journal":{"name":"Ethnobiology and Conservation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141654047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.15451/ec2024-07-13.18-1-11
Lívia Maria Osório de Sousa, Dalescka Barbosa de Melo, Lucianna Marques Rocha Ferreira, J. Molozzi
Ecosystem goods and services (EGS) are the contributions that ecosystems provide to human well-being. The reservoir landscape, an artificial ecosystem, offers a wide range of ecological and socioeconomic functions for local populations, such as potable water, irrigation, and plants for food purposes. This study aimed to assess the perception of EGS provided by the reservoir landscapes of rural and urban populations. Research was conducted with residents around reservoirs in the Paraiba Basin of Brazil, specifically in the cities of Camalaú and Boqueirão. Socioeconomic information and population perceptions were obtained using semi-structured forms and participatory mapping, respectively. Based on analyses using PERMANOVA and Mann-Whitney statistical tests, it was found that rural people and men perceived and cited a higher number of EGS. Responses varied with different education levels (Illiterate, Primary School Incomplete, Primary School Complete, High School Incomplete, High School Complete, and University Degree Complete), with provisioning services being more easily perceived and mentioned by the interviewees. People in direct contact with the natural environment were more likely to perceive EGS than those without such contact. However, the importance of EGS was recognised by both rural and urban populations, as these services are essential for their well-being. Perceptions of riverside populations are important for conservation efforts because they provide valuable information about ecosystems based on their experiences within these ecological systems.
{"title":"rural and urban community perceptions of ecosystem goods and services in the semi-arid reservoirs landscape","authors":"Lívia Maria Osório de Sousa, Dalescka Barbosa de Melo, Lucianna Marques Rocha Ferreira, J. Molozzi","doi":"10.15451/ec2024-07-13.18-1-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15451/ec2024-07-13.18-1-11","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Ecosystem goods and services (EGS) are the contributions that ecosystems provide to human well-being. The reservoir landscape, an artificial ecosystem, offers a wide range of ecological and socioeconomic functions for local populations, such as potable water, irrigation, and plants for food purposes. This study aimed to assess the perception of EGS provided by the reservoir landscapes of rural and urban populations. Research was conducted with residents around reservoirs in the Paraiba Basin of Brazil, specifically in the cities of Camalaú and Boqueirão. Socioeconomic information and population perceptions were obtained using semi-structured forms and participatory mapping, respectively. Based on analyses using PERMANOVA and Mann-Whitney statistical tests, it was found that rural people and men perceived and cited a higher number of EGS. Responses varied with different education levels (Illiterate, Primary School Incomplete, Primary School Complete, High School Incomplete, High School Complete, and University Degree Complete), with provisioning services being more easily perceived and mentioned by the interviewees. People in direct contact with the natural environment were more likely to perceive EGS than those without such contact. However, the importance of EGS was recognised by both rural and urban populations, as these services are essential for their well-being. Perceptions of riverside populations are important for conservation efforts because they provide valuable information about ecosystems based on their experiences within these ecological systems.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":44826,"journal":{"name":"Ethnobiology and Conservation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141658971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.15451/ec2024-07-13.19-1-15
Gilney Charll Santos, José Ribamar de Sousa Júnior, André Luiz Borba do Nascimento, Josivan Soares da Silva, Ivanilda Soares Feitosa, Nicola Schiel, E. Araújo, Romulo Romeu Nobrega Alves, Ulysses Albuquerque
Local ecological knowledge (LEK) has been increasingly used in the search for efficient strategies to maintain biological diversity. However, considering the rapid environmental changes in ecosystems, such knowledge may have been lost between generations, affecting its potential application. In this study, we adopted the LEK of the potential dispersers of Caryocar coriaceum Wittm. (Caryocaraceae), an endangered plant species of socioeconomic and cultural importance from northeast Brazil, as a model. We evaluated whether there is intergenerational variation in the LEK about the abundance of Dasyprocta prymnolopha (the principal disperser of C. coriaceum) associated with the local practice of hunting. We collected LEK data from 39 hunter-gatherers aged 31 to 84 years, and camera traps were used during two annual C. coriaceum harvests to record its potential dispersers. Our results indicate that the LEK of the potential animal dispersers of C. coriaceum does not vary between generations; it is disseminated and shared between different generations. The strong interactions among people during the C. coriaceum harvest period facilitate the sharing of information about the potential dispersers of this species. Our results show that hunting D. prymnolopha does not depend on perceptions regarding the availability of this resource in the forest, which may be causing overexploitation. Therefore, local knowledge may need to be updated and connected to the recent and rapid environmental changes because people may believe that current environmental conditions are like those of the past. If this is the case, people may be less cooperative with conservation strategies because they are not aware of environmental changes, so measures to update knowledge about environmental conditions may be necessary to encourage effective participation in management and conservation plans.
{"title":"People socialize ecological information about the environment but may forget their own experiences: a case study of local ecological knowledge about seed-dispersing animals","authors":"Gilney Charll Santos, José Ribamar de Sousa Júnior, André Luiz Borba do Nascimento, Josivan Soares da Silva, Ivanilda Soares Feitosa, Nicola Schiel, E. Araújo, Romulo Romeu Nobrega Alves, Ulysses Albuquerque","doi":"10.15451/ec2024-07-13.19-1-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15451/ec2024-07-13.19-1-15","url":null,"abstract":"Local ecological knowledge (LEK) has been increasingly used in the search for efficient strategies to maintain biological diversity. However, considering the rapid environmental changes in ecosystems, such knowledge may have been lost between generations, affecting its potential application. In this study, we adopted the LEK of the potential dispersers of Caryocar coriaceum Wittm. (Caryocaraceae), an endangered plant species of socioeconomic and cultural importance from northeast Brazil, as a model. We evaluated whether there is intergenerational variation in the LEK about the abundance of Dasyprocta prymnolopha (the principal disperser of C. coriaceum) associated with the local practice of hunting. We collected LEK data from 39 hunter-gatherers aged 31 to 84 years, and camera traps were used during two annual C. coriaceum harvests to record its potential dispersers. Our results indicate that the LEK of the potential animal dispersers of C. coriaceum does not vary between generations; it is disseminated and shared between different generations. The strong interactions among people during the C. coriaceum harvest period facilitate the sharing of information about the potential dispersers of this species. Our results show that hunting D. prymnolopha does not depend on perceptions regarding the availability of this resource in the forest, which may be causing overexploitation. Therefore, local knowledge may need to be updated and connected to the recent and rapid environmental changes because people may believe that current environmental conditions are like those of the past. If this is the case, people may be less cooperative with conservation strategies because they are not aware of environmental changes, so measures to update knowledge about environmental conditions may be necessary to encourage effective participation in management and conservation plans.","PeriodicalId":44826,"journal":{"name":"Ethnobiology and Conservation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141666317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is important to document the knowledge possessed by rural people about the species of flora and fauna in their environment, so that this knowledge can be incorporated into conservation efforts. We set out to learn about the traditional knowledge held by the inhabitants of the Barranca de Metztitlán Biosphere Reserve (BMBR) regarding the fauna in their environment, identifying which wild species they recognize and what cognitive salience they assign to them. We also compared knowledge between people who live in the valley (La Vega) and the mountains (La Sierra), and between men and women to determine whether knowledge was different. We conducted semi-structured interviews from April 2016 to February 2017. In order to evaluate traditional knowledge, we used the Smith index because it combines the frequency and order of mention of the listed elements. We found that in the BMBR local people recognized 37 wild species, including 25 mammals, 9 birds, two reptiles and one unidentified species. The Smith Index is only correlated with mention frequency, but not with mention order. The ethnozoological knowledge is structured by gender; while men mention 100% species of the list generated by the interviews, women only cover 59.5%. Some wild animals recorded a significant variation in the cognitive salience between La Vega and La Sierra. The local population has extensive knowledge about which wild species inhabit the area, mainly of mammals and secondarily of birds and reptiles. This knowledge should be integrated into conservation plans for the reserve.
{"title":"Assessing the cognitive salience of wild fauna in the Barranca de Metztitlán Biosphere Reserve, Mexico","authors":"Zeltzin Ketzalken Zepeda Hernández, María Teresa Pulido Silva, Gerardo Sánchez Rojas","doi":"10.15451/ec2024-07-13.17-1-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15451/ec2024-07-13.17-1-17","url":null,"abstract":"It is important to document the knowledge possessed by rural people about the species of flora and fauna in their environment, so that this knowledge can be incorporated into conservation efforts. We set out to learn about the traditional knowledge held by the inhabitants of the Barranca de Metztitlán Biosphere Reserve (BMBR) regarding the fauna in their environment, identifying which wild species they recognize and what cognitive salience they assign to them. We also compared knowledge between people who live in the valley (La Vega) and the mountains (La Sierra), and between men and women to determine whether knowledge was different. We conducted semi-structured interviews from April 2016 to February 2017. In order to evaluate traditional knowledge, we used the Smith index because it combines the frequency and order of mention of the listed elements. We found that in the BMBR local people recognized 37 wild species, including 25 mammals, 9 birds, two reptiles and one unidentified species. The Smith Index is only correlated with mention frequency, but not with mention order. The ethnozoological knowledge is structured by gender; while men mention 100% species of the list generated by the interviews, women only cover 59.5%. Some wild animals recorded a significant variation in the cognitive salience between La Vega and La Sierra. The local population has extensive knowledge about which wild species inhabit the area, mainly of mammals and secondarily of birds and reptiles. This knowledge should be integrated into conservation plans for the reserve.","PeriodicalId":44826,"journal":{"name":"Ethnobiology and Conservation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141664812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.15451/ec2024-07-13.16-1-25
Pablo Andrés Grimaldi, F. N. Céspedes, Catalina Rico Lenta, Melisa Stefania Longo Blasón, A. Ladio
Family farming systems face the challenge of carrying out their activities alongside Harmful Arthropods (HA), which cause damage to edible, wild, and cultivated plants that are fundamental for farmers. This case study, with farmers from the Nahuel Huapi Family Farmers Free Fair (FFAFNH, Spanish acronym), shows some distinctive elements of Local Ecological Knowledge about HA (LEKHA). LEKHA investigated about seven HA among farmers regarding nomenclature, characterization, ecological aspects, cultivated species affected, ways of acquiring and transmitting knowledge, management practices, and HA's importance. Discussed how these aspects allow us to infer the hybrid character of LEKHA, which articulates traditional knowledge of peasant agriculture and Scientific Technical Knowledge (STK). A participatory workshop was carried out, which emerged as a request and demand from the members of the FFAFNH. Fifteen local names were registered, two of which were Mapuche. Most of the HA are recognized as harmful to more than one plant, and the majority (60%) have been with farmers for a long time. Regarding management, preventive practices predominated (57%) over curative practices (14%). We postulated a new HA management practice, "tolerance" (29%), which implies that HA coexist with people in their productive spaces and are deliberately allowed to follow their natural cycles. The predominant ways of acquiring and transmitting knowledge are idiosyncratic and oblique (35% each). The workshop was an instance of reinforcement and self-validation of LEKHA, where a dialogue of knowledge was established back and forth with the STK.
家庭农业系统面临着与有害节肢动物（HA）共同开展活动的挑战，有害节肢动物会对农民的基本食用植物、野生植物和栽培植物造成损害。本案例研究以 Nahuel Huapi 家庭农民自由博览会（FFAFNH，西班牙语缩写）的农民为对象，展示了有关有害节肢动物（HA）的当地生态知识（LEKHA）的一些独特要素。LEKHA 调查了农民对七种 HA 的认识，包括名称、特征、生态方面、受影响的栽培物种、获取和传播知识的方式、管理方法以及 HA 的重要性。讨论了这些方面如何让我们推断出 LEKHA 的混合特性，即农民农业传统知识与科学技术知识（STK）的结合。根据 FFAFNH 成员的要求和需要，举办了一次参与式研讨会。登记了 15 个当地名称，其中两个是马普切人的名称。大多数 HA 都被认为对一种以上的植物有害，而且大多数 HA（60%）已经在农民中使用了很长时间。在管理方面，预防性做法（57%）多于治疗性做法（14%）。我们提出了一种新的 HA 管理方法，即 "容忍"（29%），这意味着 HA 与人们在其生产空间共存，并被有意允许遵循其自然周期。获取和传播知识的主要方式是特异性和顺向性（各占 35%）。此次研讨会是 LEKHA 的一次强化和自我验证，在此过程中与 STK 之间建立了知识对话。
{"title":"Preventive, Curative, and Tolerance Practices: Family Farmers' Local Ecological Knowledge regarding Harmful Crop Arthropods in NW Patagonia","authors":"Pablo Andrés Grimaldi, F. N. Céspedes, Catalina Rico Lenta, Melisa Stefania Longo Blasón, A. Ladio","doi":"10.15451/ec2024-07-13.16-1-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15451/ec2024-07-13.16-1-25","url":null,"abstract":"Family farming systems face the challenge of carrying out their activities alongside Harmful Arthropods (HA), which cause damage to edible, wild, and cultivated plants that are fundamental for farmers. This case study, with farmers from the Nahuel Huapi Family Farmers Free Fair (FFAFNH, Spanish acronym), shows some distinctive elements of Local Ecological Knowledge about HA (LEKHA). LEKHA investigated about seven HA among farmers regarding nomenclature, characterization, ecological aspects, cultivated species affected, ways of acquiring and transmitting knowledge, management practices, and HA's importance. Discussed how these aspects allow us to infer the hybrid character of LEKHA, which articulates traditional knowledge of peasant agriculture and Scientific Technical Knowledge (STK). A participatory workshop was carried out, which emerged as a request and demand from the members of the FFAFNH. Fifteen local names were registered, two of which were Mapuche. Most of the HA are recognized as harmful to more than one plant, and the majority (60%) have been with farmers for a long time. Regarding management, preventive practices predominated (57%) over curative practices (14%). We postulated a new HA management practice, \"tolerance\" (29%), which implies that HA coexist with people in their productive spaces and are deliberately allowed to follow their natural cycles. The predominant ways of acquiring and transmitting knowledge are idiosyncratic and oblique (35% each). The workshop was an instance of reinforcement and self-validation of LEKHA, where a dialogue of knowledge was established back and forth with the STK.","PeriodicalId":44826,"journal":{"name":"Ethnobiology and Conservation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141686263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-17DOI: 10.15451/ec2024-05-13.14-1-14
Caroline Fernandes Caromano, Walid Dani Kaki, T. V. van Andel, Max Kockelkorn
A cotton headdress ornamented with several botanical and faunal elements (TM-5074-2) is kept in the depot of the Wereldmuseum in Amsterdam. There is little information about the provenance of the object or its context of use. Identified by the museum as a ‘shaman hood’, is said to have been obtained from an Asháninka indigenous community along the Ene River, Peruvian Amazon. The unusual composition of the hood, with 16 bundles of bird fragments, 39 bundles of mammal parts, and 3332 seeds, raises several questions. Is the object a traditional Asháninka ornament? Is the combination of so many distinct elements a result of later additions? Is it possible that the hood was manufactured for sale? In addition to literature research, the identification of the biological material can offer some clues if the object was manufactured in the same region inhabited by the Asháninka communities. Through the morphological comparison of the plant and animal parts attached to the hood with the botanical and zoological collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center, this study aimed to provide new tools for provenance research, by identifying the species present in the object. As a result, eight different plant species, eight bird taxa and at least eight mammal taxa attached to the object were identified, most of them native to the Peruvian Amazon. Finally, with the identification of the species, we proposed possible interpretations for the selection of plants and animals added to the shaman hood based on the historical context and the Asháninka worldview.
{"title":"Object analysis and species identification of an Asháninka hood from the Rio Ene valley, Peru","authors":"Caroline Fernandes Caromano, Walid Dani Kaki, T. V. van Andel, Max Kockelkorn","doi":"10.15451/ec2024-05-13.14-1-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15451/ec2024-05-13.14-1-14","url":null,"abstract":"A cotton headdress ornamented with several botanical and faunal elements (TM-5074-2) is kept in the depot of the Wereldmuseum in Amsterdam. There is little information about the provenance of the object or its context of use. Identified by the museum as a ‘shaman hood’, is said to have been obtained from an Asháninka indigenous community along the Ene River, Peruvian Amazon. The unusual composition of the hood, with 16 bundles of bird fragments, 39 bundles of mammal parts, and 3332 seeds, raises several questions. Is the object a traditional Asháninka ornament? Is the combination of so many distinct elements a result of later additions? Is it possible that the hood was manufactured for sale? In addition to literature research, the identification of the biological material can offer some clues if the object was manufactured in the same region inhabited by the Asháninka communities. Through the morphological comparison of the plant and animal parts attached to the hood with the botanical and zoological collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center, this study aimed to provide new tools for provenance research, by identifying the species present in the object. As a result, eight different plant species, eight bird taxa and at least eight mammal taxa attached to the object were identified, most of them native to the Peruvian Amazon. Finally, with the identification of the species, we proposed possible interpretations for the selection of plants and animals added to the shaman hood based on the historical context and the Asháninka worldview.","PeriodicalId":44826,"journal":{"name":"Ethnobiology and Conservation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141126120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-10DOI: 10.15451/ec2024-04-13.13-1-16
Carlos Henrique Tavares Mendes, Marcelo Alves Ramos, Taline Cristina Silva
Studies aim to understand the behavior of human populations when selecting certain groups of plants over others. Some plants are chosen for favorable characteristics that justify specific uses. Thus, individuals may exhibit specialized behavior patterns, selecting plants for fuel based on specific biological traits like ignition potential and durability, or generalized behavior patterns, depending on species availability or utilitarian redundancy. However, little is known about how the preference for these resources may be shaped by contexts that prohibit resource use. Prohibiting resource use can compel human groups to devise new selection strategies, leading to significant changes in socioecological system dynamics. Hence, this study aims to investigate how preference for plants used as firewood varies in areas with restricted and unrestricted resource use. We conducted semi-structured interviews in two communities. Participants with restricted natural resource access in the past showed a tendency towards specialized behavior (p<0.000849). However, due to imposed restrictions, the community had to develop new usage strategies, resulting in a tendency towards generalized behavior (p>0.6489). Preference in unrestricted use areas varied over years, with generalists in the past (p>0.4675) and specialists presently (p<0.2074). Based on these behaviors, we infer that these human groups possess adaptive plasticity to mitigate the drastic effects of long-term wood resource extraction.
{"title":"Are firewood preference behaviors influenced by restrictions in access to vegetation, and can they vary over time?","authors":"Carlos Henrique Tavares Mendes, Marcelo Alves Ramos, Taline Cristina Silva","doi":"10.15451/ec2024-04-13.13-1-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15451/ec2024-04-13.13-1-16","url":null,"abstract":"Studies aim to understand the behavior of human populations when selecting certain groups of plants over others. Some plants are chosen for favorable characteristics that justify specific uses. Thus, individuals may exhibit specialized behavior patterns, selecting plants for fuel based on specific biological traits like ignition potential and durability, or generalized behavior patterns, depending on species availability or utilitarian redundancy. However, little is known about how the preference for these resources may be shaped by contexts that prohibit resource use. Prohibiting resource use can compel human groups to devise new selection strategies, leading to significant changes in socioecological system dynamics. Hence, this study aims to investigate how preference for plants used as firewood varies in areas with restricted and unrestricted resource use. We conducted semi-structured interviews in two communities. Participants with restricted natural resource access in the past showed a tendency towards specialized behavior (p<0.000849). However, due to imposed restrictions, the community had to develop new usage strategies, resulting in a tendency towards generalized behavior (p>0.6489). Preference in unrestricted use areas varied over years, with generalists in the past (p>0.4675) and specialists presently (p<0.2074). Based on these behaviors, we infer that these human groups possess adaptive plasticity to mitigate the drastic effects of long-term wood resource extraction.","PeriodicalId":44826,"journal":{"name":"Ethnobiology and Conservation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140720518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-26DOI: 10.15451/ec2024-03-13.11-1-19
Nkemnyi Standly Nkengbeza, E. D. Nana, Ekwoge Enang Abwe, Jean Pascal Koh-Dimbot, Ngome Laura Mesame, Peter Njukang Akongte, Eric Bertrand Fokam
This study explored local ecological knowledge held by local people bordering Cameroon’s Ebo forest, in view to evaluate the possible contribution of this set of knowledge to conserve the understudied Preuss’s monkey (Allochrocebus preussi). Data were collected through interviews using semi-structured questionnaires, administered to 262 households from 17 villages of permanent settlements purposely selected based on their closeness and dependence to the Ebo forest for livelihoods. We found that the log-odds of being in favor of conserving A. preussi in the area was significantly higher for participants of secondary school level of education, strongly increased when participants had last eaten this species ≥ 1 year ago and was higher for participants who use this species for subsistence. The log-odds of perceiving a decreasing trend of A. preussi in the area was significantly highest for participants who had last consumed this species ≥ 5 years ago compared to those who had recently consumed the species. Participants who used A. preussi for income generation were more likely to perceive decreasing trend, compared to those who used it for food. Overall, our study highlights the possible value of local ecological knowledge as a tool that can provide important information to conservationists and decision-makers useful to plan and prioritize conservation actions for A. preussi. Also, our findings suggest the urgency to monitor populations of A. preussi, assess the impact of hunting pressure on this species, and develop sustainable livelihood activities and community-based conservation education to strengthening the conservation of A. preussi in Ebo forest.
{"title":"Exploring local ecological knowledge to inform the conservation of the Endangered and understudied Preuss’s monkey (Allochrocebus preussi) in Ebo forest, Cameroon","authors":"Nkemnyi Standly Nkengbeza, E. D. Nana, Ekwoge Enang Abwe, Jean Pascal Koh-Dimbot, Ngome Laura Mesame, Peter Njukang Akongte, Eric Bertrand Fokam","doi":"10.15451/ec2024-03-13.11-1-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15451/ec2024-03-13.11-1-19","url":null,"abstract":"This study explored local ecological knowledge held by local people bordering Cameroon’s Ebo forest, in view to evaluate the possible contribution of this set of knowledge to conserve the understudied Preuss’s monkey (Allochrocebus preussi). Data were collected through interviews using semi-structured questionnaires, administered to 262 households from 17 villages of permanent settlements purposely selected based on their closeness and dependence to the Ebo forest for livelihoods. We found that the log-odds of being in favor of conserving A. preussi in the area was significantly higher for participants of secondary school level of education, strongly increased when participants had last eaten this species ≥ 1 year ago and was higher for participants who use this species for subsistence. The log-odds of perceiving a decreasing trend of A. preussi in the area was significantly highest for participants who had last consumed this species ≥ 5 years ago compared to those who had recently consumed the species. Participants who used A. preussi for income generation were more likely to perceive decreasing trend, compared to those who used it for food. Overall, our study highlights the possible value of local ecological knowledge as a tool that can provide important information to conservationists and decision-makers useful to plan and prioritize conservation actions for A. preussi. Also, our findings suggest the urgency to monitor populations of A. preussi, assess the impact of hunting pressure on this species, and develop sustainable livelihood activities and community-based conservation education to strengthening the conservation of A. preussi in Ebo forest.","PeriodicalId":44826,"journal":{"name":"Ethnobiology and Conservation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140379482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-12DOI: 10.15451/ec2024-02-13.10-1-21
Jefferson Miranda, Alexandre Schiavetti
Roads are responsible for great biodiversity loss, especially in protected areas (PAs). Thus, considering the great risk of roads to PAs and the lack of knowledge about these areas, we aimed to analyze the scientific production on wildlife roadkill in Brazil and compare the studies that surveyed roads with and without PAs. We searched for papers in five databases: SciELO, Google Scholar, Reet Brasil, Scopus and Plataforma Lattes. Studies considered to be near PAs (PPA) collected data within a radius of 1km of PAs and the other studies were considered to have no PA (NPA). We found 126 studies that surveyed wildlife roadkill in Brazil, of which 57% are PPA. Publications on wildlife roadkill have increased in recent years, with a greater number of PPA studies than NPA studies (W = 618, p = 0.5992). Mammals are the most-studied group (n = 108), followed by reptiles (n = 79), birds (n = 73) and amphibians (n = 58). Most of the studies took place in the Cerrado (54) and the Atlantic Forest (45), where are the greatest number of surveyed PAs, greatest number of PAs and greatest number of PAs without studies. Only 18 papers suggest specific mitigation measures for the study site. The increase in PPA studies is positive, but researchers need to increase contact with PA managers to produce scientific knowledge and develop more efficient mitigation measures for these areas. We encourage increased surveying of roads near PAs, involvement of researchers with environmental agencies, and more studies with small animals.
{"title":"Analysis of scientific production and knowledge about wildlife roadkill in Brazilian protected areas","authors":"Jefferson Miranda, Alexandre Schiavetti","doi":"10.15451/ec2024-02-13.10-1-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15451/ec2024-02-13.10-1-21","url":null,"abstract":"Roads are responsible for great biodiversity loss, especially in protected areas (PAs). Thus, considering the great risk of roads to PAs and the lack of knowledge about these areas, we aimed to analyze the scientific production on wildlife roadkill in Brazil and compare the studies that surveyed roads with and without PAs. We searched for papers in five databases: SciELO, Google Scholar, Reet Brasil, Scopus and Plataforma Lattes. Studies considered to be near PAs (PPA) collected data within a radius of 1km of PAs and the other studies were considered to have no PA (NPA). We found 126 studies that surveyed wildlife roadkill in Brazil, of which 57% are PPA. Publications on wildlife roadkill have increased in recent years, with a greater number of PPA studies than NPA studies (W = 618, p = 0.5992). Mammals are the most-studied group (n = 108), followed by reptiles (n = 79), birds (n = 73) and amphibians (n = 58). Most of the studies took place in the Cerrado (54) and the Atlantic Forest (45), where are the greatest number of surveyed PAs, greatest number of PAs and greatest number of PAs without studies. Only 18 papers suggest specific mitigation measures for the study site. The increase in PPA studies is positive, but researchers need to increase contact with PA managers to produce scientific knowledge and develop more efficient mitigation measures for these areas. We encourage increased surveying of roads near PAs, involvement of researchers with environmental agencies, and more studies with small animals.","PeriodicalId":44826,"journal":{"name":"Ethnobiology and Conservation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140248573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-22DOI: 10.15451/ec2024-01-13.07-1-19
Maiana Costa do Lago, G. Rebêlo, Ana Carla Bruno, Luiza Magalli Pinto Henriques
The synergistic effects of extreme weather events and socioecological vulnerability are still poorly documented for Amazonian indigenous peoples. Herein, we investigated the impacts of recent extreme weather events on Tikuna villages. Tikuna are ancient people of the Amazon, with an estimated population of approximately 53 thousand people widely distributed along the upper Solimões River in the western Brazilian Amazon. The fieldwork was carried out between October 10 and December 10, 2018, using participatory research, including focus group interviews and free-listing exercises. Four extreme weather events were recalled, namely, the extreme floods of 2009, the subsequent extreme drought of 2010, and the extreme floods of 2012 and 2015. The results indicated that Tikuna from some villages are adopting migration from floodplain habitats to nonflooded lands as a coping strategy to increase the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events. This process was characterized by famine periods, internal divisions, and increased vulnerability. The three villages have rich traditional knowledge and live on a large diversity of biological resources, base for a fishing economy and for an agroforestry system, the original indigenous subsistence agriculture with a high level of self-sufficiency in terms of food. Until our study, Tikunas had not received any information about the global climate emergency. Our findings can contribute to formulating public policies to provide support for adapting to climate change. These policies must ensure the participation of the Tikuna and other indigenous peoples in local and national discussions on climate change, strengthening their capacity to develop adaptation strategies based on their ancestral knowledge.
{"title":"Tikuna Perceptions of Extreme Weather Events: A Case Study on an Indigenous Lands in the Upper Solimões River, Brazil","authors":"Maiana Costa do Lago, G. Rebêlo, Ana Carla Bruno, Luiza Magalli Pinto Henriques","doi":"10.15451/ec2024-01-13.07-1-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15451/ec2024-01-13.07-1-19","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The synergistic effects of extreme weather events and socioecological vulnerability are still poorly documented for Amazonian indigenous peoples. Herein, we investigated the impacts of recent extreme weather events on Tikuna villages. Tikuna are ancient people of the Amazon, with an estimated population of approximately 53 thousand people widely distributed along the upper Solimões River in the western Brazilian Amazon. The fieldwork was carried out between October 10 and December 10, 2018, using participatory research, including focus group interviews and free-listing exercises. Four extreme weather events were recalled, namely, the extreme floods of 2009, the subsequent extreme drought of 2010, and the extreme floods of 2012 and 2015. The results indicated that Tikuna from some villages are adopting migration from floodplain habitats to nonflooded lands as a coping strategy to increase the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events. This process was characterized by famine periods, internal divisions, and increased vulnerability. The three villages have rich traditional knowledge and live on a large diversity of biological resources, base for a fishing economy and for an agroforestry system, the original indigenous subsistence agriculture with a high level of self-sufficiency in terms of food. Until our study, Tikunas had not received any information about the global climate emergency. Our findings can contribute to formulating public policies to provide support for adapting to climate change. These policies must ensure the participation of the Tikuna and other indigenous peoples in local and national discussions on climate change, strengthening their capacity to develop adaptation strategies based on their ancestral knowledge.\u0000","PeriodicalId":44826,"journal":{"name":"Ethnobiology and Conservation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139609106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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